Judah Mordechai Cohen (1768 – 8 September 1838) was a Dutch-born London-based Jewish merchant and slave plantation owner with interests in Jamaica. With over 1255 slaves on his plantations, Cohen was one of the most extensive slave owners in Jamaica and the British West Indies in general at the time of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. He had been involved in trade in the West Indies as a partner of his older brother Hymen Cohen since 1804.

Biography

Judah Mordechai Cohen was born at Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands to Mordechai Levie Cohen (1733—1830) and his wife Rachel Coenraad Blits, a Dutch Jewish couple born in Amsterdam who relocated to Herne Hill, Surrey, England.[1][2] Along with his brother, Hymen Cohen (1762—1845), Judah Cohen was a co-partner in Hymen Cohen & Company which was listed in the London Gazette in 1804 and operated out of 58 Mansell Street: it dealt with trade in the West Indies.[3] Another partner was Ellis Wolfe of Kingston, Jamaica.

In August 1822, a ship owned by the Cohens, the Vittoria, carrying coffee from their Jamaican slave plantations, was plundered by pirates operating out of Spanish Cuba and ended up being sold in Havana.[4] The pirates also took from the ship expensive Nicaraguan wood, lignum vita and lancewood spars. Hymen Cohen, Judah Cohen, Andrew Cohen, Alexander Haim Cohem and Judah Hymen Cohen, the joint owners, reported loses of over £27,000 (worth £2.73 million in 2023)[5].[4]

According to the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership at the University College London, Cohen was awarded compensation for the freeing of his slaves under the with the Slave Compensation Act 1837 following the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. To raise the funds for compensating slave owners, the British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £1.51 billion in 2023)[5] from Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Moses Montefiore; the loan was finally paid off in 2015. Cohen was associated with forty-five different claims in total. The largest slave plantations he owned were Potsdam in St Elizabeth, Corby Castle in St Elizabeth, and Mons in Manchester. Cohen owned 1255 slaves in Jamaica and received a £23,946 payment at the time (worth £2.42 million in 2023).[5][2] With all of his claims combined, Cohen was one of the people with the largest number of slaves in Jamaica particularly, but the British West Indies in general in 1833; a few did own more such as the Lowland Scots slave owners John Gladstone (with 2508) and James Blair (with 1598), but their interests were more associated with British Guiana.

Some of the slave plantations in Cohen's possession had been assigned to him by Nathan Joseph of Kingston, Jamaica, who had bought up a large number of holdings.[2] Judah Cohen's brother and business partner, Hymen Cohen, also had a large number of slaves in Jamaica (1011 slaves in total) and was the recipient of a large payout after slavery was abolished.[6]

Personal life

Cohen was married to Grace Gomes da Costa, the daughter of Aaron Gomes da Costa (1776—15 Aug 1847). The couple had a large number of children, including Judah, Jacob (born 1793), Andrew (1795—1800), Miriam (born 1798), Sarah Frances (1799—1874), Fanny (born 1799), Rachel (1801), Sarah Esther (1803—1893), Albert (1807—1821), Eliza (born 1810), Abigail (1811—1872), Rebecca (born 1813), Matilda (1815—1901) and Henry Cohen (1818—1900). Cohen was buried at Brady Street Cemetery in Whitechapel in the East End of London, where he has a tombstone.[1]

See also

Citations

  1. 1 2 "COHEN Judah [Judah b Mordecai HaCohen]". Cemetery Scribes. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 "Judah Cohen". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019. For more on Judah Cohen’s connection to Herne Hill see L. Marsh, Herne Hill and Slavery, in the Herne Hill Society’s magazine (Autumn 2013) https://issuu.com/hernehillsociety/docs/herne-hill-mag-124
  3. ↑ "H & J Cohen". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
  4. 1 2 McCarthy 2013, p. 63
  5. 1 2 3 UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  6. ↑ "Hymen Cohen". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.

References

  • Andrade, Jacob A. P. M. (1941). A Record of the Jews in Jamaica from the English Conquest to the Present Times. Jamaica.
  • Faber, Eli (2000). Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight. NYU Press. ISBN 0814728790.
  • McCarthy, Matthew (2013). Privateering, Piracy and British Policy in Spanish America, 1810-1830. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-1843838616.
  • Monteith, Kathleen E A (2001). Jamaica in Slavery and Freedom: History, Heritage and Culture. University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 976640108X.
  • Senior, Olive (1987). A-Z of Jamaican Heritage. Heinemann Educational Books (Caribbean). ISBN 9766050627.
  • Yoffe, Oron (1997). The Jews of Jamaica: tombstone inscriptions, 1663-1880. Ben Zvi Institute. ISBN 9652350680.
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