In the Japanese writing system kana ligatures (Japanese: 合略仮名, Hepburn: gōryaku-gana) are ligatures in the kana writing system, both hiragana and katakana. Kana such as koto (, from 事) and shite (𬼀, from 為) are not kana ligatures, but polysyllabic kana.

Hardly any kana ligatures or polysyllabic kana are represented in standard character encodings.

History

Nobori banners in sumo, using the yori ligature ゟ

These characters were widely used until a spelling reform of 1900 decreed that each sound (mora) would be represented by one (kana) character. They were not represented in computer character encodings until JIS X 0213:2000 (JIS2000) added yori and koto.

List

Hiragana ligature

historical/Hepburnimage character Unicodeorigin
かしこ/kashiko - -𛀚しこ
こと/koto - -こと[1][2]
ごと/goto - -ごと[1][2]
さま/sama - - さ𛃅[3][4]
- -
まいらせさうらふ/mairasesōrō - -まいらせ候
- -
より/yori U+309Fより[3][4][2]

Polysyllabic hiragana

historical/Hepburnimage character Unicodeorigin
なり/nari 𬼂 U+2CF02[3][2][5][6]

Katakana ligature

historical/Hepburnimage character Unicodeorigin
トイフ/toyū - -ト云[3][7][8][9]
トキ/toki - -トキ[3][7][8][1][2][9]
トテ/tote - -トテ[3]
トモ/tomo 𪜈 U+2A708トモ[3][7][8][1][2]
ドモ/domo - -ドモ
ヨリ/yori - -ヨリ[7][8][9]

Polysyllabic katakana

historical/Hepburnimage character Unicodeorigin
イフ/yū - -
コト/koto U+30FF[3][7][8]
シテ/shite 𬼀 U+2CF00 [7][8]
トキ/toki - -[7][8][9]
ナリ/nari 𬻿 U+2CEFF [7][8][9]

In Unicode

Character information
Preview
Unicode name HIRAGANA DIGRAPH YORI KATAKANA DIGRAPH KOTO CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A708 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CEFF CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CF00 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CF02
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode12447U+309F12543U+30FF173832U+2A708184063U+2CEFF184064U+2CF00184066U+2CF02
UTF-8227 130 159E3 82 9F227 131 191E3 83 BF240 170 156 136F0 AA 9C 88240 172 187 191F0 AC BB BF240 172 188 128F0 AC BC 80240 172 188 130F0 AC BC 82
UTF-1612447309F1254330FF55401 57096D869 DF0855411 57087D873 DEFF55411 57088D873 DF0055411 57090D873 DF02
Numeric character referenceゟゟヿヿ𪜈𪜈𬻿𬻿𬼀𬼀𬼂𬼂

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 普通日本文典 落合直文ほか 1893年
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 和漢の文典 : 雅俗対照
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 日本大文典. 第1編 P.42-45 落合直文 1894年
  4. 1 2 ことばの泉 : 日本大辞典 (21版) P.3 落合直文 1904年
  5. 児玉幸多『くずし字解読辞典〔普及版〕』東京堂出版 1993年 ほか
  6. 田島毓堂「法華経為字和訓考—資料編(三)—」名古屋大学文学部研究論集 1990年
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 國語學大系 第七巻 文字(一) P.302-303 福井久蔵 1939年
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 仮字本末 伴信友 1850年
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 操觚便覧藤井乙男編 1899年
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