Kaure–Kosare
Nawa River
Geographic
distribution		Nawa River, New Guinea
Linguistic classificationa primary language family
Subdivisions
Glottologkaur1274
Map: The Kaure–Kapori languages of New Guinea
  The Kaure–Kapori languages
  Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

The Kaure–Kosare or Nawa River languages are a small family spoken along the Nawa River in West Papua, near the northern border with Papua New Guinea.[1] The languages are Kaure and Kosare.

Classification

Kaure and Kosare (Kosadle) are clearly related. There is a history of classifying them with the Kapori–Sause languages. However, Kapori and Sause show no particular connection to the Kaure languages, and may be closer to Kwerba.[1]

Foley (2018) considers a connection with Trans-New Guinea to be promising, but tentatively leaves Kaure-Kosare out as an independent language family pending further evidence.[2]

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[1]

*m*n
*p*t*k
*b*g
*s*h
*w*ɽ[*j]

Coda consonants are stop *C (or more precisely *P) and nasal *N.

*i*u
*e*o
*ɛ*ɔ
*æ*a

Diphthongs are *ɛi, *ɛu, *ai *au.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]

sgpl
1 *no (?), *na-*wɛN
2 *ha-(nɛ) ?
3  ? ?

Basic vocabulary

Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]

glossProto-Nawa River
hair*haⁱ
ear*hwɔkɽuC
eye*hwe̝N
tusk/tooth*pakaⁱ
skin/bark*ki
breast*muN
louse*miN
dog*se̝
pig*pî
bird*ho̝C
tree*tɛⁱC
woman*naⁱ
sun*h[æ/a]niC
moon*paka
water*mi[jɛ]
fire*sa(-[n/ɽ]ɛN)
eat*naⁱ

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975)[3][4] and other sources, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]

glossKaure[6]Kosare[7]Narau
head kasera; pleŋ; pɔklaipotɔ´
hair hai; hatpotɔifukura hai
ear goklu; huaglüt'kɔro
eye gewe; hwai; hwewĩsɛrit
nose gopo; hapumoro 'kakò
tooth sbeje; səbokaipɛkisebekai
tongue sremu; sɾumupɛrɛ´
leg due; duɛnue
louse mi; mĩmi
dog sesé
pig pipikandu
bird hou; hu; kuo
egg hore; te; waleho's̪ɛri
blood hi; katesa; katsaña
bone era; laq; loa'kákò
skin aguli; arohei; axlit
breast mu; muqkó kakò
tree te; tei; teijatĩⁿdibimesini
man debla; didonepra
woman daeḑɩmɔ'kasia
sky lɛbünubɷ
sun hafei; haɾi; hareiɛnɛ´ⸯkaberja
moon gaka; pokapaka
water bi; biq; gomesibiɛbi
fire sa; saʔ; sareŋsásare
stone təsi; tɛsi; tisi'naka
road, path selukɛmɔrɔ´
name bəre; blɛ; nokomnemorɔ
eat ganasi; kadi; kandɛkɛnɛ´kanaisini
one gogotia; kauxjaʔ; kaxotiakora'ɸɛ
two tɾapli; təravərei; trapitau

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 New Guinea World, Nawa River
  2. ↑ Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  3. ↑ Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi:10.15144/PL-A28.47
  4. ↑ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
  5. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  6. ↑ Clouse, D.A. 1997. Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya. In Franklin, K. (ed). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 2. Pacific Linguistics: Canberra.
  7. ↑ Heeschen, V. 1978. The Mek languages of Irian Jaya with special reference to the Eipo language. Irian, 2: 3-67.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.