Ken-Ichi Honma (born November 10, 1946) is a Japanese chronobiologist who researches the biological mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms. After graduating from Hokkaido University School of Medicine, he practiced clinical psychiatry before beginning his research. His recent research efforts are centered around photic and non-photic entrainment, the structure of circadian clocks, and the ontogeny of circadian clocks. He often collaborates with his wife, Sato Honma, in work involving the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), its components, and associated topics.

He was born in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan, and currently lives with his wife, Sato Honma, in Japan with their only daughter.[1]

Honma serves as the chairman for the Keiaikai Sapporo Hanazono Hospital and is a professor emeritus at Hokkaido University.

Education and career

In 1971, Honma received his Doctorate of Medicine and then his Ph.D. in Medicine in 1977 from the Hokkaido University School of Medicine. He worked as an assistant professor at Hokkaido University until 1978, when he left to perform research at the Max-Planck Institute in Andechs, Germany as a postdoctoral fellow. He first worked under Professor Wolfgang Wuttke in Göttingen, then under Jürgen Aschoff. By 1983, Honma was promoted to associate professor and began working on experiments involving the human circadian clock in temporal isolation. In 1992, he became a full-time professor at the Hokkaido University School of Medicine.[1]

Honma was the former vice-president of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research (2007-2021), the former council-chair of the Japanese Society for Chronobiology (2005–2011).[2]

He is the vice-president of the Asian Society of Sleep Research (ASRS), the prior Editor-in-Chief of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, an English Journal of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research and the Asian Society of Sleep Research, and an associate member of the Science Council of Japan.[2] Since 2016, Honma has also been a member of “The Committee of ChronoHistory,” which is responsible for promoting and reviewing initiatives to maintain and preserve the history of the field of chronobiology.[3]

Honma is the chairman of the Sapporo Symposium on Biological Rhythms (1995–present), which holds an international symposium centered around chronobiology biannually. He served as the head of a Japan-U.S.A. joint project on Biological Timing, where he was responsible for sending many Japanese scientists to the United States (1993–1995).[4]

While he was the president-elect of the Japanese Society of Chronobiology (2005 to 2010), he co-organized the biannual meetings of the European Biological Rhythms Society (EBRS) and held the first World Congress of Chronobiology in 2003 at Sapporo as the founding president of the World Federation for Societies of Chronobiology (2001–2011). Recently, he has been devoted to establishing a forum for exchanging information and ideas among Chronobiologists in Asia as the council chief of the Asian Forum on Chronobiology (2015).[2]

Awards and honors

In 2020, Honma received the SRBR Director’s Award for mentoring.[5] The SRBR Award honors and thanks members of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms for their large-scale contributions to the field of Chronobiology.

Scientific contributions

Honma has authored over 200 scholarly articles and has published several edited volumes which summarize and expand on award-winning papers and lectures by leading scientists in the field of Chronobiology.[6]

Initially, his research revolved around understanding photic and non-photic entrainment of circadian rhythms and raised hypotheses about the role of feeding in the entrainment of the circadian clock,[7] as well as the ways in which endogenous rhythms can entrain to artificial bright light[8] before later focusing on uncovering the structure of the circadian clock. Earlier in his career, Honma made a key discovery that body temperature, locomotor activity, and plasma levels of corticosterone - all circadian processes - are likely coupled to one common internal oscillator in rats.[9] However, his current research is centered around the ontogeny of circadian rhythms[10] as well as understanding and uncovering the physiological aspects that underlie chronobiology.

Earlier works

Honma was the first person to describe "a Phase response curve (PRC) to a single bright light pulse in human subjects living under isolation."[11] Furthermore, he developed a model in animals for a sleep-wake cycle that is desynchronized from other circadian rhythms in the body such as the plasma levels of melatonin - contributing to the current understanding of circadian disorders with implications for the development of appropriate treatments.[11]

Earlier in their careers, Honma and his wife, Sato Honma, were able to detect circadian rhythms in Bmal1 gene expression via in situ hybridization in the SCN within rats. They found that BMAL1 expression was highest during the subjective night in rats and that rhythms of mRNA expression were found in other regions of the brain like the hippocampus and the cerebellum. These findings allowed them to deduce that Bmal1 plays a significant role in regulating circadian rhythms in rats.[12]

Later works

In 2014, Honma and colleagues published a paper that highlighted the effects of postnatal light in Cryptochrome (Cry) deficient mice.[13] The authors showed that exposure to constant light can partially restore rhythms in the SCN, even though Cry deficient mice lose sleep-wake rhythms upon weaning,[13] by placing newborn mice in constant light for three weeks after they were born.[13]

In 2016, he published an article that emphasized the role of physical activity, specifically in blind and elderly people, in the entrainment of circadian rhythms.[14] The authors demonstrated that physical activity could not only induce phase-shifts in sleep and wake schedules, but that it could also contribute to shifts in plasma levels of melatonin.[14]

In 2017, Ken-Ichi and Sato Honma were part of the team at Hokkaido University that discovered that voltage rhythms in the SCN were synchronized, a finding which became a basis for the theory that the SCN utilizes these synchronized rhythms in order to maintain tissue-wide rhythm.[15]

Current focuses

One of Honma's most recent discoveries uncovered the role of GABAergic neurons in inhibiting cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the central oscillator in mammals). He concluded, together with his collaborators, that GABA neither establishes nor maintains circadian patterns in the body, but rather that it "refine[s] the circadian firing rhythm to ensure noiseless communications with neurons outside the SCN."[16] This discovery poses implications for the development of new therapies and treatments targeting different circadian-related disorders.

Honma has also been involved with recent research about ultradian rhythms, which are short-term rhythms with short-lasting periods.[17] He has shown that in constant dark conditions, ultradian rhythms can be observed in the SCN, and that expression of Per1, Per2 and Bmal1 - which are central clock genes in mammals - show ultradian fluctuations and periods of approximately 3 hours.[17] The research team also showed that these rhythms are most likely endogenous, or that they do not rely on external cues to be generated. Overall, the team concluded that ultradian rhythms had no correlation with the animal's physical activity rhythms, but that further research is needed to elucidate the role of these fluctuations as well as undercover the mechanisms underlying their generation.[17]

Honma is one of the leading voices contributing to the anti-daylight savings movement in Japan, advocating against the establishment of daylight-savings time in Japan by educating people on the detrimental health effects associated with the misalignment of the body's clock, light-dark cycles (zeitgebers), and the social clock. Currently, Japan does not have any DST system in place.[18]

References

  1. 1 2 Honma KI. "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).
  2. 1 2 3 "President Ken-ichi Honma's profile". ahmf (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  3. ↑ "ChronoHistory". Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  4. ↑ "Ken-ichi Honma — Intercontinental Academia". intercontinental-academia.ubias.net. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  5. ↑ "SRBR Director's Award for Mentoring" (PDF). Burroughs Welcome Fund Excellence Awards. Society for Research on Biological Rhythms. 2020.
  6. ↑ "生体リズムの研究". ahmf (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  7. ↑ Honma K, von Goetz C, Aschoff J (June 1983). "Effects of restricted daily feeding on freerunning circadian rhythms in rats". Physiology & Behavior. 30 (6): 905–13. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90256-1. PMID 6611695. S2CID 20020358.
  8. ↑ Honma K, Honma S, Wada T (May 1987). "Entrainment of human circadian rhythms by artificial bright light cycles". Experientia. 43 (5): 572–4. doi:10.1007/BF02143589. PMID 3582576. S2CID 40116177.
  9. ↑ Honma KI, Hiroshige T (November 1978). "Internal synchronization among several circadian rhythms in rats under constant light". The American Journal of Physiology. 235 (5): R243-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1978.235.5.R243. PMID 727286.
  10. ↑ Hiroshige T, Honma K, Watanabe K (April 1982). "Ontogeny of the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone in blind infantile rats". The Journal of Physiology. 325: 493–506. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014164. PMC 1251408. PMID 7108784.
  11. 1 2 "Ken-ichi Honma". Intercontinental Academia - Nagoya.
  12. ↑ Honma S, Ikeda M, Abe H, Tanahashi Y, Namihira M, Honma K, Nomura M (September 1998). "Circadian oscillation of BMAL1, a partner of a mammalian clock gene Clock, in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 250 (1): 83–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9275. PMID 9735336.
  13. 1 2 3 "Postnatal light overcomes genetic disturbance of circadian rhythms". Hokkaido University. 2014-01-14. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  14. 1 2 Yamanaka Y, Honma KI, Hashimoto S, Takasu N, Miyazaki T, Honma S (2006-10-01). "Effects of physical exercise on human circadian rhythms". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 4 (3): 199–206. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00234.x. hdl:2115/45263. ISSN 1479-8425. S2CID 73354269.
  15. ↑ Hokkaido University. (2017, April 24). "Synchronized voltage rhythms could maintain the body's clock". ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  16. ↑ Mandal DA (9 September 2019). "GABA neurons affect the circadian clock". News Medical.
  17. 1 2 3 Goh GH, Maloney SK, Mark PJ, Blache D (March 2019). "Episodic Ultradian Events-Ultradian Rhythms". Biology. 8 (1): 15. doi:10.3390/biology8010015. PMC 6466064. PMID 30875767.
  18. ↑ Roenneberg T, Winnebeck EC, Klerman EB (August 7, 2019). "Daylight Saving Time and Artificial Time Zones - A Battle Between Biological and Social Times". Frontiers in Physiology. 10: 944. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00944. PMC 6692659. PMID 31447685.
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