Languages of Belize
Sign in English at Xunantunich, with the Mayan name translated into English
OfficialEnglish
IndigenousGarifuna, Q'eqchi', Mopan, Yucatec Maya
VernacularBelizean English, Belizean Spanish, Belizean Creole
MinorityPlautdietsch
ForeignSpanish, German
SignedAmerican Sign Language

The major languages spoken in Belize include English, Spanish and Kriol, all three spoken by more than 40% of the population. Mayan languages are also spoken in certain areas, as well as German.[1]

English is the official language and the primary language of public education, though spoken natively by a minority of people as a first language. Spanish is taught in primary and secondary schools as well. Bilingualism is very common. The percentage of literacy in Belize as of 2021 is 82.68% for those aged 15 or older.[2]

Languages spoken in Belize (2010)[3][1]
Language speakers percentage
English183,90334.4%
Spanish165,29630.9%
Belizean Creole130,46724.4%
Q'eqchi' Maya17,5813.3%
Mopan Maya10,6492.0%
German9,3641.7%
Garifuna8,4421.6%
Other languages7,8471.5%
N.A.1,5370.3%
Total 292,263100%

Major languages by district

English is the major language in the primary and most populated Belize District. Spanish is the most used language in the frontier districts of Cayo, Orange Walk and Corozal. Creole is the main language in the Stann Creek district, and Mayan languages dominate in the southernmost district of Toledo.

Languages spoken by District (2010)[4]
District
 Population
 English
 Spanish
 Creole
 Mayan
Belize District95,29272.5%34.1%63.6%1.2%
Cayo75,04666.7%71.5%39.9%6.2%
Orange Walk45,94662.2%85.6%16.8%2.3%
Corozal41,06154.4%84.7%18.9%2.5%
Stann Creek34,32452.0%39.3%67.4%16.3%
Toledo30,78547.9%28.2%47.2%68.4%
Total324,52862.9%56.6%44.6%10.5%

Standard English and Belizean Creole

Sign in Kriol in Caye Caulker.

English is the official language of Belize, a former British colony. It is the primary language of public education, government and most media outlets. According to the 2008 Official Education policy in Belize, children are to be taught when it is appropriate to use Creole, but lessons are not to be taught in Creole language.[5]

When a Creole language exists alongside its lexifier language, as in Belize, a creole continuum forms between the Creole and the lexifier language. This is known as code-switching. It is therefore difficult to substantiate or differentiate the number of Creole speakers compared to English speakers. Belizean Creole might best be described as the lingua franca of the nation.[6]

In 2007 an English–Kriol dictionary was published by the Belize Kriol Project; the dictionary includes translations and grammatical descriptions.[5]

Spanish

Approximately 52.9% of Belizeans self-identify as Mestizo, Latino or Hispanic. Spanish is spoken as a native tongue by about 52.9% of the population,[7] and taught in schools to children who do not have it as their first language. "Kitchen Spanish" is an intermediate form of Spanish mixed with Belizean Creole, and is spoken in northern towns such as Corozal and San Pedro.[8]

Over half the population is bilingual, and a large segment is multilingual. Being such a small and multiethnic state surrounded by Spanish-speaking nations, multilingualism is strongly encouraged in the society.[9][10]

Other languages

Belize is also home to three Mayan languages: Q’eqchi’, the endangered indigenous Belizean language of Mopan, and Yucatec Maya.[11][12][13]

Approximately 16,100 people speak the Arawakan-based Garifuna language.[14]

German is spoken in Mennonite colonies and villages. The vast majority of Mennonites in Belize speaks Plautdietsch in every day life while a minority of some 10 percent speaks Pennsylvania German. Both groups use the German Bible translation of Martin Luther and an old fashioned Standard German in church and in reading and writing. [15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Statistical Institute of Belize (2013). Belize Population and Housing Census 2010: Country Report (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  2. ↑ "Belize Population". Countrymeters. Archived from the original on 2021-08-20. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  3. ↑ These figures are for people at least 4 years old.
  4. ↑ "Languages Spoken in Belize" (Infographic). Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-17 – via The Statistical Institute of Belize, Census 2010.
  5. 1 2 Salmon, William (2015-06-17). "Language Ideology, Gender, and Varieties of Belizean Kriol". Journal of Black Studies. 46 (6): 605–625. doi:10.1177/0021934715590407. ISSN 0021-9347.
  6. ↑ "Belize Kriol English". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  7. ↑ "Belize". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  8. ↑ "Northern Belize Caste War History; Location". ambergriscaye.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 1996. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  9. ↑ "Belize 2010 National Census Overview". Belize.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29.
  10. ↑ "2010 Census of Belize Detailed Demographics of 2000 and 2010". Belize.com. Archived from the original on 2017-06-01.
  11. ↑ "Q'eqchi'". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  12. ↑ "Maya, Mopán". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  13. ↑ "Maya, Yucatec". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  14. ↑ "Garifuna". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "Plautdietsch". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
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