Lannea microcarpa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Lannea
Species:
L. microcarpa
Binomial name
Lannea microcarpa
Synonyms[2][3]

Lannea djalonica A.Chev.
Lannea oleosa A.Chev.

Lannea microcarpa is a dioecious plant within the Anacardiaceae family. It is also called African grapes and occurs in the Sudan and Guinea savanna of West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. The plant is used to dye basilan fini, a traditional cloth in a red and brown colour.[4]

Description

The species is capable of growing up to 15 m high with a rather short trunk and dense crown, it has a grey and smooth bark with a reddish and white fibrous slash.[5] Leaves; alternate and imparipinnate, up to 23 cm long, with 2-3 leaflets per pinnae; leaf-blade is narrowly ovate in outline, 5-13 cm long and 2.5-6 cm wide, leaflets have a rough and waxy adaxial surface.[5] Inflorescence is terminal raceme. Fruits are ellipsoid in shape, grows in raceme like bundles of between 3-25, purple to blackish color when ripe.[6]

Distribution

Occurs in the Sudanian and Guinea savannas of West Africa and in Cameroon.[7]

Chemistry

Chemical compounds isolated from the leaves of Lannea microcarpa include polyphenols and novel flavanoids such as 4’-methoxy-myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin, isovitexin, and gallic acid.[8]

Uses

A woman processing Lannea microcarpa fruits in Burkina Faso.

Leaf extracts of the species is traditionally used in would healing process and for topical treatments of various ailments including conjunctivitis, gingivitis and stomatitis.[8] A root bark decoction is applied to treat stomach and skin related troubles.[8]

Its leaves and fruits are collected and eaten by locals.[7] The exudate from the bark is applied in the dyeing process of hand-made cloths, red-brown dye is applied to basil-lan fini, a traditional medicine cloth and other locally handmade fabrics.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Lannea microcarpa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T144309873A149002043. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T144309873A149002043.en. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ↑ "Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  4. 1 2 Dyes and tannins. P. C. M. Jansen, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Wageningen, Netherlands: PROTA Foundation. 2005. pp. 103–104. ISBN 90-5782-160-5. OCLC 62409483.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. 1 2 Arbonnier, Michel (2004). Trees, shrubs, and lianas of West African dry zones. Paris: CIRAD. p. 146. ISBN 2-87614-579-0. OCLC 56937881.
  6. ↑ Neya, Oblé; Hoekstra, Folkert A.; Golovina, Elena A. (2008). "Mechanism of endocarp-imposed constraints of germination of Lannea microcarpa seeds". Seed Science Research. 18 (1). doi:10.1017/S0960258508890058. ISSN 0960-2585. S2CID 54588259.
  7. 1 2 Haarmeyer, Daniela H.; Schumann, Katharina; Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus; Wittig, Rüdiger; Thiombiano, Adjima; Hahn, Karen (2013). "Human impact on population structure and fruit production of the socio-economically important tree Lannea microcarpa in Burkina Faso". Agroforestry Systems. 87 (6): 1363–1375. doi:10.1007/s10457-013-9644-7. ISSN 0167-4366. S2CID 10327886.
  8. 1 2 3 Picerno, P; Mencherini, T; Loggia, R Delia; Meloni, M; Sanogo, R; Aquino, R P (2010-02-18). "An extract of Lannea microcarpa : composition, activity and evaluation of cutaneous irritation in cell cultures and reconstituted human epidermis". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 58 (7): 981–988. doi:10.1211/jpp.58.7.0014. ISSN 0022-3573. PMID 16805959. S2CID 44557148.
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