Latrunculia
Latrunculia (Biannulata) lunaviridis on a crab
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Poecilosclerida
Family: Latrunculiidae
Genus: Latrunculia
(du Bocage, 1869)
Subgenera and species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Microstylifer (Vacelet, 1969)

Latrunculia is a genus of demosponges. It is well known for the diverse array of chemical compounds found in its species, including the latrunculins, which are named after this genus. Many of these are medically important, including anti-cancer compounds such as discorhabdins.[2]

Description

The majority of species are large. They have special pore-areas and oscules encircled by elevated collars. The skeleton is formed by siliceous spicules in which one end is rounded. These arranged in an irregular network of loose tracts or bundles, supporting a crust of discorhabds, a microsclere typical of the genus.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Latrunculia contains cold-adapted species. They are common off southern hemisphere coastlines.[2] Species are known from the Arctic and Antarctic, the Atlantic and Indian oceans, the Caribbean, Mediterranean, and Red seas.[3]

Species

The following species are recognised:[4]

Subgenus Latrunculia (Biannulata) (Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006)

  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) algoaensis (Samaai, Janson & Kelly, 2012)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) citharistae (Vacelet, 1969)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) duckworthi (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) gotzi (Samaai, Janson & Kelly, 2012)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) janeirensis (Cordonis, Moraes & Muricy, 2012)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) kaakaariki (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) kaikoura (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) kerwathi (Samaai, Janson & Kelly, 2012)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) lincfreesei `(Kelly, Reiswig & Samaai, 2016)
  • Green moon sponge Latrunculia (Biannulata) lunaviridis (Samaai & Kelly, 2003)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) microacanthoxea (Samaai & Kelly, 2003)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) millerae (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) procumbens (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) purpurea (Carter, 1881)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) spinispiraefera (Brøndsted, 1924)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) triloba (Schmidt, 1875)
  • Latrunculia (Biannulata) wellingtonensis (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)

Subgenus Latrunculia (Latrunculia) (du Bocage, 1869)

  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) apicalis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) austini (Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) basalis (Kirkpatrick, 1908)
  • Mud-clump sponge Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis (Kirkpatrick, 1908)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) bocagei (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ciruela (Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) copihuensis (Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) cratera (du Bocage, 1869)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) crenulata (Lévi, 1993)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) fiordensis (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) hamanni (Kelly, Reiswig & Samaai, 2016)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ikematsui (Tanita, 1968)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) multirotalis (Topsent, 1927)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) novaecaledoniae (Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) oxydiscorhabda (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) palmata (Lévi, 1964)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata (Mothes, Campos, Eckert & Lerner, 2008)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) triverticillata (Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) verenae (Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013)
  • Latrunculia (Latrunculia) yepayek (Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013)

Subgenus Latrunculia (Uniannulata) (Kelly, Reiswig & Samaai, 2016)

  • Latrunculia (Uniannulata) oparinae (Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002)
  • Latrunculia (Uniannulata) velera (Lehnert, Stone & Heimler, 2006)

No subgenus

  • Latrunculia rugosa (Vacelet, 1969)
  • Latrunculia sceptrellifera (Carter, 1887)

References

  1. ↑ "Latrunculia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  2. 1 2 Li; Peifer; Janussen; Tasdemir (2019-07-25). "New Discorhabdin Alkaloids from the Antarctic Deep-Sea Sponge Latrunculia biformis". Marine Drugs. 17 (8): 439. doi:10.3390/md17080439. ISSN 1660-3397. PMC 6722921. PMID 31349703.
  3. 1 2 Alvarez, Belinda; Bergquist, Patricia R.; Battershill, Christopher N. (2002). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia Du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 36 (1): 151–184. doi:10.1080/00288330.2002.9517078. ISSN 0028-8330. S2CID 84195577.
  4. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
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