LeConte Hall, University of California
West entrance
LeConte Hall is located in Oakland, California
LeConte Hall
LeConte Hall is located in California
LeConte Hall
LeConte Hall is located in the United States
LeConte Hall
LocationBerkeley, California
Coordinates37°52′21.42″N 122°15′22.55″W / 37.8726167°N 122.2562639°W / 37.8726167; -122.2562639
Arealess than one acre
Built1924
ArchitectJohn Galen Howard
NRHP reference No.04000622[1]
Added to NRHPJuly 6, 2004[1]

LeConte Hall is the former name of a building on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley,[2] which is home to the physics department. LeConte Hall was one of the largest physics buildings in the world at the time it was opened in 1924,[3] and was also the site of the first atom collider, built by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1931.[2]

The building was named in honor of the brothers Joseph and John LeConte, professors of Physics and Geology, who were respectively the first and third presidents of the university.[4] Their last name was removed from the building in 2020 due to their white supremacist views.[5][6][7] As of 2021, the university has not decided on a permanent name.

History

In 1924, the university opened LeConte Hall in order to accommodate an enlarged physics department, and to support the hiring of new, talented faculty. One of the newly hired faculty was Ernest Lawrence, who joined the department in 1928. Lawrence, together with students M. S. Livingston and David Sloan built an 11-inch cyclotron and installed it in room 325 LeConte.[8] The device was the first successful, functional cyclotron and produced a current of 1.22 MeV protons.

Lawrence set up the Radiation Laboratory ("Rad Lab") in the space between LeConte Hall and the Campanile. The lab was later moved up the hill and renamed Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

Another nuclear physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer joined the department in the summer of 1929. Oppenheimer maintained an office, together with his group of students in room 219 LeConte.[9] In 1942, Oppenheimer was appointed head of the fast neutron research group, and in the summer of that year, he invited the leading physicists of the time to discuss the theoretical aspects of developing an atomic weapon. The physicists and Oppenheimer's students, including Hans Bethe, John Van Vleck, Felix Bloch, and others, worked in the top floor of LeConte Hall and spent a month analyzing data.[10] A plaque commemorating the Oppenheimer and his students can be found outside of room 433.

Bronze bust of John LeConte in Physics library, LeConte Hall

In 1950, an addition attached to LeConte Hall at its northwest corner was opened.[11] In 2004, the original part of LeConte Hall was named to the National Register of Historic Places.[1][11][12]

In 2006, the UC Berkeley campus completed a US$30.7 million renovation project, designed to update the LeConte Hall facilities as well as to provide seismic retrofitting.[13][14] Being a historic landmark, an effort was made to preserve the original architecture as well as to restore original attributes, such as the historic skylight on the fourth floor,[13] which houses the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics.

In 2020, the university removed the LeConte name from the building due to the LeConte brothers' support of white supremacy.[15][5][6][7] As of 2021, it is temporarily called Physics South (for the original building) and Physics North (for the 1950 addition), while the university decides on a permanent name.[5]

Nobel Prizes

In 1939, Ernest Lawrence was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, the first time the award went to a Bay Area resident. Since then, LeConte Hall has been host to eight Physics Nobel Prize–winning faculty and four alumni.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 "LeConte Hall". Interactive Campus Map. UC Regents. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  3. ↑ "The First Cyclotrons". American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  4. ↑ Leinhard, John. "Joseph and John LeConte". Engines of Ingenuity. University of Houston. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 Kell, Gretchen (18 November 2020). "UC Berkeley's LeConte and Barrows halls lose their names". Berkeley News. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Chancellor Christ on the unnaming of LeConte and Barrows halls". Berkeley News. University of California, Berkeley. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  7. 1 2 Teller, Eden (18 November 2020). "UC Berkeley strips the names of professors with racist views off 3 buildings". Berkeleyside. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Heilbron, J. L. "Lawrence and his laboratory". LBNL. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  9. ↑ Pais, Abraham (2006). J. Robert Oppenheimer: a life. Oxford University Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-19-516673-6. oppenheimer leconte hall.
  10. ↑ "Oppenheimer: A Life". Office for History of Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  11. 1 2 "LeConte Hall" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places - Registration Form. National Park Service. July 1985. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  12. ↑ "LeConte Hall" (pdf). Photographs. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  13. 1 2 "Le Conte Hall Major Renovation". Green Building Research Center. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  14. ↑ "UC Berkeley Physics South Hall". STUDIOS Architecture. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  15. ↑ Dowd, Katie (7 July 2020). "UC Berkeley may rename halls honoring white supremacist, anthropologist". SFGate. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
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