Len Garrison
A clay model – work in progress – for a bronze bust[1] commissioned by the BCA from Fowokan
Born
Lenford Alphonso (Kwesi) Garrison

(1943-06-13)13 June 1943
Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica
Died18 February 2003(2003-02-18) (aged 59)
Brixton, London, England
EducationRuskin College; University of Sussex; Leicester University
Occupation(s)Educationalist, historian and community activist
Known forACER (Afro-Caribbean Educational Resource), Black Cultural Archives (BCA)

Lenford Alphonso (Kwesi) Garrison (13 June 1943 – 18 February 2003) was an educationalist, community activist and historian whose life's work was to catalogue the development of the black British identity and its history and promote the works of young black writers. To this end, he set up ACER (Afro-Caribbean Education Resource) and co-founded the Black Cultural Archives.

Family and education

Len Garrison was born in St Thomas, Jamaica. His father, Ernest Samuel Garrison – a cabinet maker born in Hopewell, Hanover – and mother, Albertha Adassa Garrison, a school teacher born in Somerset, St Andrew, migrated to Britain in 1952 and 1953 respectively, and Len joined them there in west London in 1954 shortly before the birth of the first of his British siblings, sister Janet in May 1954. This was followed by the birth of his brothers, Owen (b. July 1955), Albert (b. October 1957) and Michael (b. November 1959).[2]

Garrison's early training was as a photographer, a passion from his childhood, which he studied at King's College London. He went on to become a specialist medical photographer at Guy's Hospital, as well as an active freelance photographer for the West Indian Gazette. His educationalist training began in 1971 when he attended Ruskin College, gaining a diploma in development studies. He later gained a BA at the University of Sussex in African history and Caribbean history, then went on to an MA in local history from Leicester University.[3]

In 1987, he married his wife Marie, and they had a son, Tunde, born 10 December 1990.[2][4]

Publications

Following his degree from Sussex, Garrison was invited to represent Britain at FESTAC – the Festival of Arts and Culture in Nigeria in 1977 (Festac Town), where his presentation was based on his dissertation on the Rastafarian movement that he had written while at Ruskin College. Ansel Wong's brief biography of Garrison in the opening of Garrison's 1965 book of poetry, Beyond Babylon, reveals that the dissertation was subsequently developed into a book, now in its second reprint – Black Youth Rastafarianisim and Identity Crisis in Britain.[5]

Work and legacy

ACER

In his work on Rastafari and identity Garrison drew the conclusion that the British education system was failing black children as it denied the reality or existence of black history or culture. He believed that "Given the right opportunity [Black children] can become an asset to [British] society."[5] He argued that what was required was an educational resource that was multi-cultural, recognising and acknowledging black history. In order to do this ACER (Afro-Caribbean Education Resource) was set up. Its aim was to give black children a sense of identity and belonging to be proud of, and one that could be traced back to their African roots. It would make them black British citizens, with a part to play in multi-cultural Britain.

Garrison saw ACER as an archive of Black history from which educational material could be developed for school children of all ages and abilities. He campaigned for two years with the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) and others for the funding and resources until 1977, when the ACER project was launched with Garrison as director.[6] ACER's black history educational packs, first introduced at Dick Sheppard School in Brixton, went on to be used all over the country. Of the many schemes that ACER organised, the most successful was the Young Penmanship awards for creative writing about their reality and experience as Black young people in Britain. The award helped launch the careers of many black professionals, including the playwright Michael McMillan, novelist and barrister Nicola Williams, the music critic Clive Davis and Dr Michael Beckles.[2] When ILEA was dismantled in 1988 ACER closed due to lack of funding. ACER's legacy can be seen today in black history being part of the mainstream British educational curriculum[6] and its work has inspired the Dutch to develop similar multi-cultural learning.[6]

In the late 1980s, Garrison took the ACER idea to Nottingham, where he became director of the ACFF (African Caribbean Family and Friends) Centre. There he was instrumental in establishing EMACA – East Midlands African Caribbean Arts – an organisation that promotes positive cultural practice in the arts, particularly the black visual arts. He also developed local history work around George Africanus, Nottingham's first black entrepreneur.[7]

Black Cultural Archives

Garrison believed that "collecting and structuring the fragmented evidence of the Black past in Britain as well as in the Caribbean and Africa is a monumental task, but it is a major agenda item in [the] last decade of the 20th century [to create a] better basis for achieving a fully multicultural British society"[8] To this end he co-founded the Black Cultural Archives (BCA) in 1981 and became a trustee.

The BCA's mission is to ensure that black history is properly recorded and available to all, and to correct "the historical omission" of black people of African descent from Britain's official history by ensuring that their true contributions are documented and celebrated. Doing so became the basis for achieving the fully multicultural British society that was Garrison's vision. The BCA won funding of £5million in 2010, and having been based in Kennington, moved back to Brixton to become the UK's first national black heritage centre.[9] At the launch of the new BCA in Windrush Square on 24 July 2014, a bust of Garrison was unveiled.[10][11]

Commemoration

Brixton pound

Garrison appears on one of the banknotes of Brixton's independent currency, the Brixton pound.[12][13]

100 Great Black Britons

Garrison was named as one of 100 Great Black Britons who have helped to shape Britain, as listed in both 2003 and 2020, and featured in a book of the same name by Patrick Vernon.[14]

References

  1. ↑ Fowokan. Fowokan and the making of Len Garrison. Video on YouTube.
  2. 1 2 3 Mike Phillips, "Obituary: Len Garrison – Recording the history of black Britons for future generations", The Guardian, 28 February 2003.
  3. ↑ "Len Garrison", 100 Great Black Britons.
  4. ↑ "Len Garrison – Times Online Obituary". The Times. 8 April 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  5. 1 2 Garrison, Len (1985). Beyond Babylon. Black Star Publications.
  6. 1 2 3 "Obituary: Len Kwesi Garrison, M.A." (PDF). Hansib. 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  7. ↑ "Local history: George Africanus – from rags to riches". BBC – Nottingham. 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  8. ↑ "Black Cultural Archive" (PDF). The Voice. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  9. ↑ Owen, Paul (12 October 2010). "Boris Johnson and Lottery Fund announce £5m funding for black cultural centre in Brixton". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  10. ↑ Tom Dickens, "Moving celebration marks long journey to the Black Cultural Archives launch in Brixton", Brixton Blog, 24 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Hannah Ellis-Petersen, "Black Cultural Archives unveils new centre in Brixton", The Guardian, 29 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Brown, Symeon (7 November 2011). "Can Tottenham use its cultural appeal like Brixton?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  13. ↑ Trudy Simpson (1 October 2011). "BCA Founder Is The Face of New Brixton Pound Note – The late Len (Kwesi) Garrison becomes a piece of history". The Voice.
  14. ↑ Shashi (2020). "Black heroes who helped shape Britain – 100 Great Black Bitons 2020". Patrick Vernon. Retrieved 17 July 2023.

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