Leslie Cheung
張國榮
PronunciationCheung Kwok-wing[1]
Born
Cheung Fat-chung

(1956-09-12)12 September 1956
Kowloon, British Hong Kong
Died1 April 2003(2003-04-01) (aged 46)
Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong
Resting placePo Fook Hill, Sha Tin, New Territories
Citizenship
Alma materUniversity of Leeds
Occupations
  • Singer
  • actor
  • songwriter
Years active1977–2003
Height1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in)[2][3]
PartnerDaffy Tong (1997–2003)
Musical career
Also known asElder Brother (Chinese: 哥哥)[4][5][6]
Genres
Instrument(s)Vocals
Labels
Cheung Kwok-wing
Traditional Chinese張國榮
Simplified Chinese张国荣
JyutpingZoeng1 Gwok3-wing4
Cheung Fat-chung
Traditional Chinese張發宗
Simplified Chinese张发宗
JyutpingZoeng1 Faat3-zung1
Signature

Leslie Cheung Kwok-wing[upper-alpha 1] (12 September 1956 – 1 April 2003) was a Hong Kong singer and actor. Throughout a 26-year career from 1977 until his death, Cheung released over 40 music albums and acted in 56 films.[7] He was one of the most prominent pioneers that shaped the identity of Cantopop during the 1980s and became known for his flamboyant, often outrageous stage appearance. His venture into acting in the 1990s was recognised for his portrayal of gay characters in a then-conservative film industry.[8] His career was marked with both praise and criticism, with numerous public discussions focusing on his sexual orientation and androgynous persona.

Born Cheung Fat-chung in Kowloon, British Hong Kong, Cheung studied in England from the age of 12 until returning to Hong Kong in 1976 to pursue a career in show business. He achieved wide popularity with his 1984 self-titled album and its single "Monica", whose upbeat dance production introduced a new popular trend to Cantopop in addition to the contemporary pool of sentimental ballads. Cheung's continued success with a string of hit albums in the mid- and late-1980s, most notably 1987 best-seller Summer Romance, won him numerous awards, including Most Popular Male Artist at the 1988 and 1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards. In addition to music, Cheung had breakthrough film roles as a disillusioned teenager in Nomad (1982) and as a police officer torn between justice and brotherhood in A Better Tomorrow (1986). He announced his "retirement" from music and emigrated to Canada in 1989, but remained active in his burgeoning acting career.

Cheung achieved widespread recognition as an actor in the 1990s. He played a womaniser longing for the return of his estranged mother in Days of Being Wild (1990), which won him Best Actor at the 1991 Hong Kong Film Awards.[9] His role as a gay Peking opera actor in Farewell My Concubine (1993) catapulted him to prominence in the western world. Cheung's reputation as a bisexual celebrity consolidated with his role in the 1997 drama Happy Together, a film explicitly depicting a gay male relationship. His comeback as a recording artist in the late 1990s, particularly with his 1996 album Red, was noted for sonic experimentation[10] and extravagant, graphic imagery.[11] He was awarded the Golden Needle Award, the highest distinction of the RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, in 1999.[12] In 2000, he was honoured as "Asia's Biggest Superstar" at the CCTV/MTV Music Honours in mainland China.[13] Cheung died by suicide by jumping off the 24th floor of the hotel Mandarin Oriental on 1 April 2003, having been diagnosed with severe clinical depression.

Early life

Portrait of Leslie Howard, a British actor in tux and bowtie
Cheung's English name was inspired by the actor Leslie Howard (pictured) in Gone with the Wind.

Cheung was born Cheung Fat-chung in Kowloon, British Hong Kong, the youngest of 10 children in a middle-class Hakka family. His father, Cheung Wut-hoi, was a well-known tailor specialised in suits whose customers included Western celebrities such as film director Alfred Hitchcock and actors Marlon Brando and Cary Grant.[14][15] Despite his father's reputation in the fashion industry, Cheung was uninspired by the profession.[16] Cheung told many interviewers that he had an unhappy childhood,[8] feeling emotionally estranged from his father and siblings, and frequently witnessing arguments and fights in the household. He felt "depressed sometimes" and longed for affection from his parents who were absent from home most of the time in his childhood.[16] His father's abusive treatment of his mother had a lasting effect on Cheung's perspectives on marriage.[17] When Cheung's father married another woman, his emotional life further deteriorated. He was brought up by his grandmother, whom he was very close with. Cheung summed up his upbringing as a "silent resentment" with "nothing worth remembering", except for the death of his grandmother when he was in primary school, which was the "one thing that I do remember about my childhood."[16]

Cheung attended Rosaryhill School for secondary education in Hong Kong and, at age 12, enrolled at an independent boys boarding school Eccles Hall School Quideham near Norwich in England.[16][17] During his time at Rosaryhill, Cheung did poorly academically, but he excelled in the English language. He discovered a newfound interest in Western films and immersed himself in music, studying the original soundtrack of Romeo and Juliet.[16] When in England, he recalled that there were "racial problems", but managed to make friends. During weekends, he worked as a bartender and would sometimes do amateur singing at his relatives' restaurant in Southend-on-Sea. He came across the film Gone with the Wind and chose Leslie as his English name inspired by the actor Leslie Howard, feeling that "The name can be a man's or woman's, it's very unisex."[17] Cheung attended the University of Leeds, where he studied textile management. After one year of study, in 1976, he returned to Hong Kong when his father became paralysed on one side of the body after a stroke. As the father wanted all of his children to be at home, Cheung abandoned his study and became a salesman for Levi's for a living. Cheung recalled that during this time, "I had no plans; there I was, feeling like I was hanging in the middle of nowhere."[18]

Career

Beginnings

Upon returning to Hong Kong, Cheung went back to high school as a mature student and formed a band, where he was the lead singer, with his classmates. In May 1977, the band members signed up individually for Rediffusion Television (RTV)'s Asian Singing Contest. Only Cheung remained until the final round of the Hong Kong division, where he finished as the first runner-up with a rendition of "American Pie".[19] He proceeded to the pan-Asian division, finishing fifth.[16] Soon after the competition, RTV offered Cheung a three-year contract as a second-rate actor for RTV.[20] He also signed with Polydor Records with hopes of releasing music albums.[16]

Cheung's career in show business did not take off immediately. His first film role was in Erotic Dream of the Red Chamber (紅樓春上春, 1978), a softcore porn production that features his bare buttocks.[8] His first two albums were solely recorded in English, and his third album, Lover's Arrow (情人箭, 1979) was recorded in Cantonese.[20] The albums failed commercially, and critics lambasted Cheung's voice as "chicken-like".[19] Cheung's first public performance at the 1977 Hong Kong Pop Folk Music Festival was booed off the stage by the audience.[16] He described his early days into show business as "full of uncertainty ... I remember well that my singing career at the early stage was like 'a person running into a rock', full of despair and obstacles."[19] Seeing little potential in Cheung, Polydor allowed him to depart on his own terms.[16]

1982–1989: Cantopop success and film crossover

Cheung signed with Capital Artists, a record label closely associated with the then-dominant television network TVB, in 1982. His first hit single, "The Wind Blows On" (風繼續吹; 1982), is a cover version of Momoe Yamaguchi's Japanese single "The Other Side of Goodbye" (さよならの向こう側). The song was successful on charts, revitalising Cheung's image as a Cantopop singer.[20] The titular album was Cheung's first to be certified gold by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) Hong Kong.[21] His second album with Capital, Craziness (一片痴, 1983), is a compilation of songs he recorded for TVB dramas.[22] The album was also a success, receiving a gold certification from the IFPI Hong Kong.[23] He continued his movie crossover with roles mostly in teenage films, and earned his first major recognition for starring in Nomad (1982).[24] While Cheung had already been a well-known actor with likeable personae in TVB productions, his role as a disillusioned teenager in Nomad foresaw his future reputation as an icon of rebel.[25] The role garnered Cheung a nomination for Best Actor at the 1983 Hong Kong Film Awards.[20]

The year 1984 was when Cheung achieved mass stardom. He released the hit single "Monica", a cover of the single by Japanese singer Kōji Kikkawa. The song topped charts in Hong Kong[26] and was one of the 10 gold-certified songs honoured at TVB's 1984 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards[27] and the 1984 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards.[28] The song's upbeat dance production introduced a new musical trend to Cantopop, in addition to the traditional sentimental ballads that had dominated the scene.[26] Cheung's 1984 self-titled album, which included "Monica", was his first to be certified platinum by the IFPI Hong Kong and sold over 200,000 copies.[26][29] He starred in the TVB drama Once Upon an Ordinary Girl (儂本多情) and the film Behind the Yellow Line. In the latter, he co-starred with actress Maggie Cheung and singer-actress Anita Mui. Both productions were commercially successful and put Cheung into the limelight as a prominent entertainer.[26] As Cheung's fame expanded, the media began to pit him against fellow singer-actor Alan Tam, as the two were the most successful male Cantopop singers at the moment. The publicised so-called rivalry contributed to Cantopop's booming sales and lasted until the end of the 1980s.[30]

Cheung's next albums with Capital were met with similar success. For Your Heart Only (為你鍾情, 1985) yielded the hit single "Wild Wind" (不羈的風), which was among the 10 gold-certified songs honoured at both TVB's Jade Solid Gold and RTHK Top 10 awards. The album also included songs Cheung recorded for TVB dramas, propelling his image as a romantic male lead.[26] His 1986 single "Who Feels the Same?" (有誰共鳴) won the Gold Song Gold Award, the distinction for the most popular song of the year, at TVB's Jade Solid Gold Awards. With this achievement, Cheung became an arguably undisputed royalty of Cantopop.[31] After the release of "Who Feels the Same?", he left Capital and joined Cinepoly Records.[26] A turning point in his burgeoning acting career was in the John Woo-directed 1986 crime-action A Better Tomorrow, in which he co-starred with Ti Lung and Chow Yun-fat. He played a youthful and impulsive police officer torn between justice and his criminal brother.[24]

Cheung's career ascended to a new peak in 1987,[26] when he released his first album under Cinepoly, Summer Romance. The album was the best-selling Cantopop release of the year, earning seven times platinum certification from the IFPI Hong Kong and sold over 350,000 copies.[32] Its lead single, "Sleepless Night" (無心睡眠), won the Gold Song Gold Award at the 1987 Jade Solid Gold Awards.[26] The next two albums, Virgin Snow and Hot Summer, both were released in 1988 and sold well, receiving gold and platinum certifications from the IFPI Hong Kong.[26][29] He also had starring roles in the films A Chinese Ghost Story and Rouge.[17][33] The performance of Cheung and his co-star Anita Mui in Rouge consolidated the pair's reputation as the top Hong Kong entertainers.[34] Yiu-wai Chu, author of the book Hong Kong Cantopop: A Concise History (2017), noted that Cheung and Mui formed an "unprecedented" chemistry showcasing "mystic power of charisma", not only in films but also on stage performances together.[33] The two were also close friends in real life.[35]

Cheung embarked on a 23-date tour at the Hong Kong Coliseum in mid-1988, sponsored by Pepsi. The tour was a sold-out and accumulated over 250,000 spectators.[36] He also held several shows catering to the Chinese community in North America, visiting Atlantic City, Calgary, Toronto, and Vancouver.[37] In the wake of the intense political atmosphere in mainland China in the late 1980s, which would culminate in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, successful Cantopop singers announced public withdrawal from the music industry and emigrated to western countries. Cheung followed suit, announcing his "retirement" from Cantopop and emigrating to Vancouver, Canada in 1989.[38] Prior to his retirement, Cheung released three further albums under Cinepoly—Leslie '89, Salute, Final Encounter—all of which received platinum certifications from the IFPI Hong Kong.[29] He won Most Popular Male Artist twice, at the 1988 and 1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards.[39][40] His "farewell concert tour", in support of the album Final Encounter, ran for 33 consecutive sold-out shows at the Hong Kong Coliseum.[33] Cheung donated profits of his 1989 album Salute to the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, which was named the Leslie Cheung Memorial Scholarship after his death.[41]

1990–1995: Music hiatus and major film roles

Wong Kar-wai at a film festival. He is wearing sunglasses and sports a buzzcut hairstyle in tuxedo and a bowtie
Cheung's role in Days of Being Wild, directed by Wong Kar-wai (pictured), earned him a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor.

In addition to music, Cheung had his breakthrough movie role in the crime-action A Better Tomorrow (1986), which would pave the way for his upcoming career in cinema.[42] Cheung announced his "retirement" and emigrated to Canada in 1989,[43] in the aftermath of the handover of Hong Kong, but subsequently returned to show business in 1990.

He also won Best Actor at the 1994 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards in the comedy-drama Ashes of Time (1994).[44]

The turning point in Cheung's acting career came in 1986 with his starring role in John Woo's (吳宇森) A Better Tomorrow,[45] which broke Hong Kong's box office record. In the following years, Cheung was praised for his performances in films which found popularity with audiences worldwide, including A Chinese Ghost Story (1987), Rouge (1987), Wong Kar-Wai's Days of Being Wild (1991) and Farewell My Concubine (1993).[46]

Although Cheung quit his career as a pop singer from 1989 to 1995, he continued his music career as a songwriter. He composed more than ten songs during that time. In 1993, he won Best Original Movie Song Award from Golden Horse Film Festival for the theme song Red Cheek, White Hair for The Bride with White Hair (as a film score composer). In 1995, he wrote all three theme songs for the film The Phantom Lover. As for songwriting, Cheung won four nominations for Best Original Movie Song Award at the Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards and two nominations for Best Original Film Song at the Hong Kong Film Awards. In 1998, he was a member of the jury at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.[47]

1995–1999: Return to music

Cheung in a white shirt performing, surrounded by bodyguards
Cheung at a 1997 concert

In 1995 Cheung signed a contract with Rock Records, returning to music as a singer. At the same year, he released his first post-"retirement" album, Beloved. Beloved achieved large market success with the award of IFPI Best Selling Album.[48][49]

In 2001, Cheung collaborated with William Chang, the art director of Wong Kar-Wai's Days of Being Wild (1991), to make his music video Bewildered, about the intimacy between two gay men.[50] Japanese ballet dancer Nishijima Kazuhiro played Cheung's lover in the video.[50] The music video was demonised for advocating homosexuality and was banned by TVB, but Cheung refused to edit the scenes and censor himself.[50]

2000–2003: Later years

Cheung's last concert tour was the Passion Tour, which took place in Hong Kong and overseas from 2000 to 2001. Cheung collaborated with fashion designer Jean Paul Gaultier, transforming Cheung "From Angel to Devil" in four costumes: the Angel, the Pretty Boy, the Latin Lover, and the Devil – denoting cross-cultural drag and focusing on Cheung's androgyny and bisexuality.[50] Although Passion Tour was acclaimed in Japan, Korea, and Canada for Cheung's glamour and dignity in using drag performance through Gaultier's costume designs, in Hong Kong it was received with disapproval.[50] His final concert tour, the Passion Tour (2000–01), visited Asia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The tour broke attendance records throughout Asia, including a record for the first foreign artist to hold 16 concerts in Japan.[51]

While Cheung could sell well over 200,000 copies for an album in his 1980s' heydays, his later albums struggled to match the same success with sales of 50,000 copies each.[52]

In 2011, CCTV commented the "Passion Tour" that from performance form, art concept, costume props and audience response, all represent the highest standard of Chinese concerts, no one has ever surpassed.[50]

Personal life

In 1977, during the filming of the RTV television series Love Story, the then 20-year-old Cheung met and fell in love with his 17-year-old co-star, Teresa Mo (毛舜筠), and they got together after they finished the series. In 1979, Cheung proposed to Mo with flowers, but his sudden proposal startled her and she began to distance herself from him. Although Cheung and Teresa Mo eventually broke up after the proposal and briefly lost contact, they remained close friends after they had reunited for the 1992 film All's Well, Ends Well.

Cheung later went into a brief relationship with an actress Shirley Yim, the younger sister of Michelle Yim, but they broke up in 1980, due to their incompatibility for each other's lifestyles.

Cheung and Ngai Sze-pui (倪詩蓓), a Hong Kong model and actress whom he met on the set of ATV television series Agency 24, were in a relationship for two years from 1981 to 1983.[53][54]

In 1984, at the house of Albert Yeung, Cheung met Cindy Yeung (楊諾詩), the youngest daughter of Albert Yeung who had recently returned from Boston. Cindy Yeung was also a fan of Cheung and was seven years younger than him. Cheung and Yeung went out on several dates until the latter returned to Boston. They continued their relationship through phone calls and letters, but would part ways in the following year, still remaining good friends. Cheung felt that if he had not been in showbusiness, he could have already been married with children, like most of his friends.

In an interview in 1992, Cheung stated that "My mind is bisexual. It's easy for me to love a woman. It's also easy for me to love a man, too" and "I believe that a good actor would be androgynous, and ever changing."[50]

He announced his same-sex relationship with his childhood friend Daffy Tong Hok-tak (唐鶴德) during a concert in 1997. He dedicated a love song to the two "lovers of his life", his mother and his boyfriend Daffy Tong at that concert, which is seen as the moment he came out of the closet. This action earned him prestige in LGBT communities in China, Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.[50] His relationship with Daffy lasted until his death in 2003.[55]

Cheung responded to questions regarding his love life: "In terms of lovers, I think I can be a better friend than a lover. Because I am a workaholic. To share my romance, that person has to compromise something." This statement was out during the interview following the release of the film Okinawa Rendez-vous in 2000.[56]

In a 2001 interview with Time magazine, Cheung said: "It's more appropriate to say I'm bisexual. I've had girlfriends. When I was 22 or so, I asked my girlfriend Teresa Mo to marry me."[57]

Citizenship

Leslie Cheung moved to Vancouver in 1990 and became a Canadian citizen by naturalisation.[58]

Philanthropy

Cheung was a supporter of several charities concerning children's welfare. He was a patron of the Children's Cancer Foundation, a charity that cares for young children with cancer and their families. Cheung donated HK$1 million (US$128,000) in 1996 and launched five sets of RED cards to help raise funds for the Children's Cancer Foundation.[59]

He was the first Cantopop star to launch a charity fundraising at a concert. In 1996, although he rarely sang in public at that time, he sang three theme songs from his films to raise money for the elderly.[60]

For his 1997 concert at the HK Coliseum, Cheung set up a collection booth for the RED Card charity. Donations of HK$100 or above could obtain a set of cards. Cheung said, "I will lead the way, so I donated HK$1,000,000 to Hong Kong children's cancer fund in my own name." The concert raised more than HK$800,000, to which Cheung and his friends added more than HK$100,000, and made up a million Hong Kong dollars to donate to the cancer fund.[61]

He was also a patron of the End Child Sexual Abuse Foundation (ECSAF) (護苗基金), founded by veteran actress Josephine Siao (蕭芳芳).

In 1999, at a party to raise relief funds in the aftermath of the Taiwan earthquake, Cheung participated in a fried rice tasting event. He donated HK$250,000 for a bowl of rice; this was matched by fan donations, bringing the total to HK$500,000.[62]

In 2000, Sun Entertainment opened the "Star Second-hand Shop", where second-hand goods donated by celebrities were auctioned to raise money for the "Sun Love Fund". Leslie Cheung was known for his very good fashion sense and he was the first to donate three well-loved, carefully selected pieces to the auction.[63] Leslie also donated his beloved badminton racket to IDclub Taiwan, to be auctioned to raise money for the children's cancer fund.[64]

In 1999 and 2000, he appeared in TVB charity shows to help raise funds for ECSAF, in which he was appointed a goodwill ambassador in 2002.[65]

In 2003, Cheung donated HK$100,000 to the Seedling protection fund, who were holding a large-scale charity night on 12 March. He told his party guests to give him cash instead of presents, then he donated all of the money that he received to the fund.[66]

Death and legacy

Leslie Cheung leapt from the 24th floor of the Mandarin Oriental hotel (right) located at the Central district, Hong Kong Island.
3rd anniversary of Cheung's death, in Central, Hong Kong, 2006
"Miss You Much Leslie" exhibition at Times Square (Hong Kong), April 2013

Cheung died by suicide on 1 April 2003 at 6:43 pm (HKT).[67] He leapt from the 24th floor of the Mandarin Oriental hotel, located in the Central district of Hong Kong Island.[68] He left a suicide note saying that he had been suffering from depression.[69][70][71][72][73][74]

As one of the most popular performers in Asia, Cheung's death broke the hearts of millions of his fans across Asia and shocked the Asian entertainment industry and Chinese community worldwide.[69][75][76][77][78][79] The day after Cheung's death, his partner Daffy Tong confirmed that Cheung suffered from clinical depression and had been seeing professor Felice Lieh Mak, a famous therapist, for treatment for almost a year. He also revealed that Cheung had previously attempted suicide in November 2002.[50] Later at his funeral, Cheung's niece disclosed that her uncle had severe clinical depression and suffered much over the past year. He was buried in Po Fook Hill, Shatin. Taiwanese politician Li Ao claimed in a TV program that Leslie Cheung committed suicide because he was suffering from AIDS, and said that he had "reliable sources".[80]

Despite the risk of infection from SARS and the WHO's warning on traveling to Hong Kong, tens of thousands attended Cheung's memorial service, which was held for the public, on 7 April 2003, including celebrities and other fans, many from other parts of the world such as mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, the United States, and Canada. Cheung's funeral was held on 8 April 2003. For almost a month, Cheung's death dominated newspaper headlines in Hong Kong and his songs were constantly on the air. His final album, Everything Follows the Wind (一切隨風), was released three months after his death.

Cheung's suicide note (translation):

"Depression! Many thanks to all my friends. Many thanks to Professor Felice Lieh-Mak (麥列菲菲) (Cheung's last psychiatrist). This year has been so tough. I can't stand it anymore. Many thanks to Tong Tong (nickname for Cheung's boyfriend Daffy Tong). Many thanks to my family. Many thanks to Sister Fei (沈殿霞). In my life I have done nothing bad. Why does it have to be like this?"

In a 2012 interview, Cheung's eldest sister, Ophelia, stated Cheung was diagnosed with clinical depression caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.[81] She said that reporters were frequently found outside of her brother's home which hampered his ability to get to his doctor's facility. Thus, he would come over to her house to consult with his doctor. He would ask his sister, "Why am I depressed? I have money and so many people love me." He was reluctant to take medication for his depression.[82]

In 2013, Cheung's former music agent Florence Chan organised two memorial concerts entitled Miss You Much Leslie on 31 March and 1 April for the 10th anniversary of Cheung's death. Big names of the Hong Kong entertainment industry performed at the concert at Hong Kong Coliseum. In addition, in 2013, Cheung's fans from around the world made two million orizuru cranes for the Guinness World Record as a tribute to the anniversary.[83]

On 12 September 2016, on what would have been Cheung's 60th birthday, over one thousand fans joined Florence Chan in the morning at Po Fook Hill Ancestral Hall (寶福山) for prayers. At night, Cheung's fans club, Red Mission organised "Leslie Cheung 60th Red Hot Birthday Party" to commemorate Cheung. It was an outdoor birthday party at Central Harbourfront Event Space with a big LED screen[84] projecting Cheung's past video clips, concerts, songs and pictures. Eason Chan (陳奕迅) as a member of Red Mission joined the party singing Cheung's song "4 season" (春夏秋冬) as a tribute to Cheung.[85] In the same month, another fans club, United Leslie also celebrated the big day of this renowned star. United Leslie organised an exhibition and movie screening of Cheung's two selected movies in PMQ, Central of Hong Kong.[86]

On 1 April 2022, 8pm, Leslie Cheung's Passion Tour concert remastered in 4K was released online to mark the 19th anniversary of the Canto-pop star's death. The remastered concert was live streamed on Tencent Video and WeChat platforms with enhanced visual image thanks to AI technology performed by Tencent Media Lab.[87]

Struggling with Hong Kong media and social prejudice

Cheung is well known for his prominent roles portraying gay characters in Happy Together and Farewell My Concubine.[71] A pair of red high heels Cheung wore during a performance of his song Red were described as "a top draw"[88] at an exhibit on androgynous fashion in Hong Kong. Many media outlets focused primarily on arguing about his queer identity instead of on his artistic achievement in film and music.[50] Before his death, Cheung mentioned in interviews that he had become depressed because of negative comments about gender-crossing in his Passion Tour concert.[50] He had planned to retire from stage performance because of the strain of being a bisexual artist in Hong Kong, facing stigmatisation, surveillance, and marginalisation.[50]

Asteroid

In 2018, 55383 Cheungkwokwing was named in memory of Leslie Cheung. The main-belt asteroid was discovered by Bill Yeung at the Desert Eagle Observatory in 2003.

Awards and nominations

RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards (十大中文金曲)

YearCategoryRecipientResult
1984Top 10 Gold Songs"Monica[89]"Won
1985"Wild Wind" (不羈的風)Won
1986"Past Love" (當年情)Won
1987"Sleepless Night" (無心睡眠)Won
Best CDSummer RomanceWon
Sales Award (Best-Selling Album of the Year)Won
1988Top 10 Gold Songs"Silence is Golden" (沉默是金)Won
"Don't Need Too Much" (無需要太多)Won
IFPI AwardLeslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
1999Top 10 Gold Songs"Left Right Hand" (左右手)Won
Golden Needle Award (金針獎)Leslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
2000Top 10 Gold Songs"Big Heat" (大熱)Won
2002Silver Jubilee AwardLeslie Cheung (張國榮)Won

Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards (十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮)

YearCategoryRecipientResult
1983Top 10 Gold Songs"Wind Blows On" (風繼續吹)Nominated
1984"Monica"Won
1985"Wild Wind" (不羈的風)Won
1986"Past Love" (當年情)Won
"Who Resonates With Me" (有誰共鳴)Won
Gold Song Gold Award (金曲金獎)Won
1987Top 10 Gold Songs"Sleepless Night" (無心睡眠)Won
Gold Song Gold Award (金曲金獎)Won
1988Top 10 Gold Songs"Silence is Golden"(沉默是金)Won
"Closer" (贴身)Won
Most Popular Male Artist (最受歡迎男歌星)Leslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
1989Top 10 Gold Songs"Starting from Zero" (由零開始)Won
Most Popular Male Artist (最受歡迎男歌星)Leslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
1999Honours Award (榮譽大獎)Won
2000Four Channel Award (Best Album of the Year)UntitledWon
Honours Award (榮譽大獎)Leslie Cheung (張國榮)Won

Other music awards

YearAwardCategoryRecipientResult
1988Ultimate Song Chart AwardsUltimate Male Artist Gold AwardLeslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
1989Won
IFPI AwardSide Face (側面)Won
1999Ultimate Song Award (No. 1 Song of the Year)"Left Right Hand"(左右手)Won
Metro Radio Hit Music AwardsMetro Radio Hit Song of the YearWon
Metro Radio Top 10 Hit SongsWon
2000CCTV-MTV Music HonoursAsia's Biggest SuperstarLeslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
2001Chinese Pop Music Media AwardsBest Male SingerWon

Hong Kong Film Awards

YearCategoryFilmResult
1983Best ActorNomad (烈火青春)Nominated
1988A Better Tomorrow 2 (英雄本色2)Nominated
Best Original Film SongA Chinese Ghost Story (倩女幽魂)Nominated
1989Best ActorRouge (胭脂扣)Nominated
1991Days of Being Wild (阿飛正傳)Won
1994Best Original Film SongThe Bride With White Hair (白髮魔女傳)Nominated
1995Best ActorHe's a Woman, She's a Man (金枝玉葉)Nominated
Best Original Film SongWon
1996The Phantom Lover (夜半歌聲)Nominated
1997Best ActorViva Erotica (色情男女)Nominated
Best Original Film SongWho's the Woman, Who's the Man? (金枝玉葉2)Nominated
1998Best ActorHappy Together (春光乍洩)Nominated
2003Inner Senses (異度空間)Nominated

Golden Horse Awards

YearCategoryFilmResult
1991Best Leading ActorDays of Being Wild (阿飛正傳)Nominated
1993Best Original SongThe Bride With White Hair (白髮魔女傳)Won
1994He's a Woman, She's a Man (金枝玉葉)Nominated
1995The Phantom Lover (夜半歌聲)Nominated
1996Best Leading ActorTemptress Moon (風月)Nominated
Best Original SongNominated
Who's the Woman, Who's the Man? (金枝玉葉2)Nominated
1997Best Leading ActorHappy Together (春光乍洩)Nominated
2000Double Tap (鎗王)Nominated
2002Inner Senses (異度空間)Nominated

Other film awards

YearAwardCategoryFilmResult
1991Asia Pacific Film FestivalBest ActorDays of Being Wild (阿飛正傳)Nominated
1993Cannes Film Festival Best ActorFarewell My Concubine (霸王別姬)Nominated
1994Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards Best ActorAshes of Time (東邪西毒)Won
Japan Film Critics SocietyFarewell My ConcubineWon
Venice Film Festival Best ActorAshes of TimeNominated
1996Cannes Film Festival Best ActorTemptress Moon (風月)Nominated
1997Cannes Film Festival Best ActorHappy Together (春光乍洩)Nominated

Ming Pao Power Academy Awards

YearCategoryRecipientResult
2000Honorary AwardLeslie Cheung (張國榮)Won
Outstanding Male SingerWon
2002Best ActorInner Senses (異度空間)Won

Discography

Filmography

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ traditional Chinese: 張國榮; simplified Chinese: 张国荣; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Gwok3-wing4

Citations

  1. ↑ "Leslie Cheung profile". Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  2. ↑ "Leslie Cheung". IMDb. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  3. ↑ "張國榮的愛情故事 (Leslie Cheung's Romance Story) - Cheung claimed he was 5 ft 8.5 in tall". Leslie Cheung Cyberworld. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  4. ↑ Lisa Oldham Stokes (2007). Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. xxvii. ISBN 978-0-8108-5520-5.
  5. ↑ "Sina Entertainment News" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  6. ↑ "Sina Entertainment News". Sina Corp. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  7. ↑ Leung 2008, p. 85.
  8. 1 2 3 Cribb 2003, p. 95.
  9. ↑ "List of Award Winner of The 10th Hong Kong Film Awards". Hkfaa.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  10. ↑ "In memory of Leslie Cheung". China Daily. 31 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  11. ↑ Chu 2017, p. 211.
  12. ↑ "RTHK Classics Channel". Rthk.org.hk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  13. ↑ Chan 2000, p. 62.
  14. ↑ Michel Ciment, Hubert Niogret, "Interview of Leslie Cheung", Positif no. 455/1999, Berlin, conducted on 21 February 1998
  15. ↑ Shima 1999.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cheung, Leslie (1985). Leslie Cheung Autobiography (radio programme) (in Cantonese). Commercial Radio Hong Kong. The autobiography was also included in the compilation album History.His-Story (2004), Capital Artists.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Corliss, Richard (30 April 2001). "Forever Leslie". Time. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  18. ↑ Thomas, Kevin (22 June 1997). "A Career In Full Plume". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  19. 1 2 3 Parke, Douglas (30 March 2020). "Leslie Cheung – 7 things you didn't know about the Canto-pop icon, actor and LGBT pioneer". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Chu 2017, p. 78.
  21. ↑ "1983 Awards". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  22. ↑ Chu 2017, p. 78–79.
  23. ↑ "1984 Awards". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016.
  24. 1 2 Stokes & Braaten 2020, p. 91.
  25. ↑ "Nomad". Hong Kong Film Archive. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chu 2017, p. 79.
  27. ↑ "1984 Jade Solid Gold Awards". TVB. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008.
  28. ↑ "1984 Gold Songs". RTHK. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  29. 1 2 3 "Gold Disc Award". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  30. ↑ Chu 2017, p. 206; Wang 2020, p. 369.
  31. ↑ Chu 2017, p. 207.
  32. ↑ Lok, Laramie (12 September 2018). "Happy birthday, Leslie Cheung: the Canto-pop prince's five most remarkable dancing scenes". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  33. 1 2 3 Chu 2017, p. 80.
  34. ↑ "Encore screening of Leslie Cheung, Anita Mui classics". The Standard. 29 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  35. ↑ "In Pictures: Remembering Hong Kong's Leslie Cheung – actor and Cantopop superstar". Hong Kong Free Press. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  36. ↑ "Leslie Cheung storms the Coliseum". TV Entertainment Times Hong Kong. 1 August 1988. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  37. ↑ "Leslie Cheung's tearful farewell in Toronto" 張國榮巡迴告別演唱 淚灑多倫多. 香港周刊 Hong Kong Weekly. 5 October 1989. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  38. ↑ Leung 2008, p. 87.
  39. ↑ "1988 JSG Best Ten Awards". TVB. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  40. ↑ "1989 JSG Best Ten Awards". TVB. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  41. ↑ "Leslie Cheung Memorial Scholarship". Hkapa.edu. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  42. ↑ "Leslie Cheung, 46, Pop Singer And Film Actor in Gay Roles". Agence France-Presse. 2 April 2003. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  43. ↑ Chu 2017, p. 107.
  44. ↑ "List of Winners of 1994 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards". Filmcritics.org.hk. 17 February 1995. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  45. ↑ Lisa Oldham Stokes (2007). Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-8108-5520-5.
  46. ↑ Yingjin Zhang; Zhiwei Xiao (2002). Encyclopedia of Chinese Film. London & New York: Routledge. p. 118. ISBN 0-203-19555-8.
  47. ↑ "Berlinale: 1998 Juries". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  48. ↑ "Leslie Cheung's Beloved are sold more than 300,000" Archived 14 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine, Min Pao Weekly, 28 Oct 1995, see
  49. ↑ Achievements of Leslie Cheung Archived 13 February 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Yau, Ching (2010). As Normal As Possible. HKU: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 133–149.
  51. ↑ "Leslie Cheung's Popularity in Korea". Tw.twent.chinayes.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013.
  52. ↑ Langlois 2017, p. 427.
  53. ↑ "倪詩蓓現狀_張國榮女友倪詩蓓資料簡介及照片曝光【圖】-老男人繁體中文版". Alididi.info. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  54. ↑ "Leslie Cheung: The life of a legend". Time Out: Hong Kong. 4 February 2014. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  55. ↑ "Leslie Cheung: Asia's gay icon lives on 15 years after his death". BBC News. 8 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  56. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Leslie Cheung張國榮-罕見珍貴的日本專訪". YouTube.
  57. ↑ Corliss, R. (2001). "Forever Leslie", Time (Asia Edition). Retrieved 17 December 2005.
  58. ↑ Lisa Odham Stokes, Michael Hoover, City on fire: Hong Kong cinema, p. 363, 1999.
  59. ↑ 為兒童癌病基金賣卡籌款 張國榮帶頭捐一百萬. 1996.12.12 蘋果日報
  60. ↑ 东方日报
  61. ↑ 1997--明报周刊
  62. ↑ 经济日报
  63. ↑ --2000太阳报
  64. ↑ ---2000 东方日报
  65. ↑ 張國榮「護苗」出錢出力 Archived 30 June 2013 at archive.today 2002-05-21
  66. ↑ 2003.3.12 东方日报
  67. ↑ 陳淑芬細說 哥哥最後電話 Archived 27 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Apple Daily, 29 March 2013
  68. ↑ Corliss, R. (2003). "That old feeling: Days of being Leslie" Time magazine Asia Edition. Retrieved 17 December 2005.
  69. 1 2 Stephen Kelly, "WHY DOES IT HAVE TO BE LIKE THIS?" Leslie Cheung, 1956–2003" Archived 2 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine, 8 May 2003
  70. ↑ "Leslie Cheung Kwok-Wing commits suicide." Archived 16 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Entertainment News in Review (2003). Retrieved 17 December 2005
  71. 1 2 "Actor Leslie Cheung 'found dead'" Archived 27 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine, BBC, 1 April 2003
  72. ↑ "Activities to Commemorate Leslie Cheung" Archived 4 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 2 April 2005
  73. ↑ Yu Sen-lun, "The Leslie Cheung Legend Lives on" Archived 17 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine, TaiPei Times, 10 April 2003
  74. ↑ Bruce Einhorn, "Hong Kong: A City in Mourning" Archived 28 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, 14 April 2003
  75. ↑ "Leslie Cheung, Larger Than Life". 18 April 2008. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  76. ↑ "Jonathan Crow, "Leslie Cheung", AOL Allmovie". Movies.aol.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  77. ↑ "Leslie Cheung's Suicide" Archived 29 August 2005 at the Wayback Machine Gothamist, 3 April 2003
  78. ↑ "Week of 5 April 2003". "Life in Legacy. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  79. ↑ "Forty Thousands Fans Farewell Leslie Cheung in the Raining Night" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Modern Business News, 4 April 2003
  80. ↑ "台湾著名文人李敖爆料：张国荣自杀因患艾滋病？". China News Service (in Chinese (China)). 15 April 2003.
  81. ↑ 李明皙. "Leslie Cheung's depression cause was biological, according to his sister". Big5.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  82. ↑ "张国荣忧鬱揭秘 生前求助白龙王不果". Oriental Daily. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  83. ↑ Leslie Cheung's origami display delayed Archived 28 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Yahoo!! Malaysia
  84. ↑ "Red Mission 繼續張國榮歌影迷國際聯盟". Red Mission. 22 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  85. ↑ "Leslie Cheung is remembered on his 60th birthday". 12 September 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  86. ↑ "Leslie Cheung Movie Screening". PMQ Hong Kong. 19 September 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  87. ↑ "Remastered iconic Leslie Cheung concert launches online on Friday". April 2022.
  88. ↑ "The gender benders 丨 Focus HK". data:blog.title. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  89. ↑ 張國榮 Leslie Cheung - Monica (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 December 2022

Bibliography

  • Chan, Jerry (1 July 2000). "Acts Honored at CCTV/MTV Show in China". Billboard. Vol. 112, no. 27. Nielsen Business Media. p. 62. ISSN 0006-2510.
  • Chu, Yiu-Wai (2017). Hong Kong Cantopop: A Concise History. Hong Kong University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-988-8390-58-8.
  • Cribb, Tim (October 2003). "Fallen Idol". Out. Vol. 12, no. 4. Here Media. pp. 93–97. ISSN 1062-7928. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  • Langlois, Tony (2017). Non-Western Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 9781351556149.
  • Leung, Helen Hok-Sze (2008). "In Queer Memory: Leslie Cheung (1956-2003)". Undercurrents: Queer Culture and Postcolonial Hong Kong. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 65–130. ISBN 978-0-7748-1469-0.
  • Shima, Chitose (1999). "Leslie Cheung Interview". All About Leslie レスリー・チャンのすべて. Tokyo: Saangyo Henshu Center Co., Ltd. pp. 25–40. ISBN 4-916199-10-3.
  • Stokes, Lisa Odham; Braaten, Rachel (2020). Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong Cinema. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538120620.
  • Yau, Hoi-yan (2012). "Cover Versions in Hong Kong and Japan: Reflections on Music Authenticity". Journal of Comparative Asian Development. 11 (2): 320–348. doi:10.1080/15339114.2012.732744. S2CID 155026361.
  • Wang, Klavier J. (2020). Hong Kong Popular Culture: Worlding Film, Television, and Pop Music. Springer Nature. ISBN 9789811388170.

Further reading

  • Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, World Music Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, BBC Radio, 2000, ISBN 1-85828-636-0
  • Kei Mori, "夢想之欠片 (Broken pieces of dreams)", Renga Shyobo Shinshya Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, 2004, ISBN 4-902603-55-1
  • Chitose Shima, "Leslie Cheung Interview", All About Leslie, p25–40, Sangyo Henshu Center Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 1999, ISBN 4-916199-10-3
  • Chitose Shima, Time of Leslie Cheung, Sangyo Henshu Center Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 2004, ISBN 4-916199-59-6
  • Lisa Oldham Stokes (2007). Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong Cinema. Scarecrow Press. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-0-8108-5520-5.
  • City Entertainment Editor Committee, Leslie Cheung's Movie World 2 (1991–1995), City Entertainment, Hong Kong, 2006, ISBN 962-8114-98-0
  • De Hui, Leslie Cheung's Movie Life I, II, Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, Shanghai, 2006, ISBN 7-80678-557-4.
  • Yingjin Zhang; Zhiwei Xiao (2002). Encyclopedia of Chinese Film. London & New York: Routledge. p. 118. ISBN 0-203-19555-8.
  • Helen Hok-Sze Leung, "In Queer Memory: Leslie Cheung (1956-2003)" In "Undercurrents Queer Culture and Postcolonial Hong Kong", UBC Press, Vancouver, 2008, p. 85 -105, ISBN 978-0-7748-1469-0
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