Photo of liminal space
An image of an empty hotel hallway, an example of a liminal space

In Internet aesthetics, liminal spaces are empty or abandoned places that appear eerie, forlorn, and often surreal. Liminal spaces are commonly places of transition, pertaining to the concept of liminality.

Research from the Journal of Environmental Psychology has indicated that liminal spaces may appear eerie or strange because they fall into an uncanny valley of architecture and physical places.[1] An article from Pulse: the Journal of Science and Culture has attributed this eeriness to familiar places lacking their usually observed context.[2]

The aesthetic gained popularity in 2019 after a post on 4chan depicting a liminal space called the Backrooms went viral. Since then, liminal space images have been posted across the internet, including on Reddit, Twitter, and TikTok.

Characteristics

Broadly, the term liminal space is used to describe a place or state of change or transition; this may be physical (e.g. a doorway) or psychological (e.g. the period of adolescence).[3] Liminal space imagery often depicts this sense of "in-between", capturing transitional places (such as stairwells, roads, corridors, or hotels) unsettlingly devoid of people.[4] The aesthetic may convey moods of eeriness, surrealness, nostalgia, or sadness, and elicit responses of both comfort and unease.[5]

Image of empty playground
This image depicting an empty playground may elicit unease by being stripped of its expected context (that is, the presence of children).

Research by Alexander Diel and Michael Lewis of Cardiff University has attributed the unsettling nature of liminal spaces to the phenomenon of the uncanny valley. The term, which is usually applied to humanoids whose inexact resemblance to humans elicits feelings of unease, may explain similar responses to liminal imagery. In this case, physical places that appear familiar but subtly deviate from reality create the sense of eeriness typical of liminal spaces.[1]

Peter Heft of Pulse: the Journal of Science and Culture further explores this sense of eeriness. Drawing on the works of Mark Fisher, Heft explains such eeriness may be felt when an individual views a situation in a different context to what they expect. For example, a schoolhouse, expected to be a busy amalgamation of teachers and students, becomes unsettling when depicted as unnaturally empty. This "failure of presence" was considered by Fisher to be one of the hallmarks of the aesthetic experience of eeriness.[2]

History

An image of the Backrooms. A large, open room with carpet, fluorescent lights and yellow wallpaper. A gap in the wall shows similar rooms extending without limits.
A typical depiction of the Backrooms, digitally rendered

Images depicting liminal spaces gained popularity in 2019 when a short creepypasta of unknown origin was posted on 4chan and went viral.[6] The creepypasta showed an image exemplifying a liminal space—a hallway with yellow carpets and wallpaper—with a caption purporting that by "noclipping out of bounds in real life", one may enter the Backrooms, an empty wasteland of corridors with nothing but "the stink of old moist carpet, the madness of mono-yellow, the endless background noise of fluorescent lights at maximum hum-buzz, and approximately six hundred million square miles of randomly segmented empty rooms to be trapped in".[7] The Backrooms have also been portrayed as inhabited by supernatural entities.[8]

Liminal space images soon gained popularity across the Internet, and by November 2022, a subreddit called /r/LiminalSpace had over 500,000 members, the liminal space photo-posting @SpaceLiminalBot on Twitter had accrued over 1.2 million followers, and the TikTok #liminalspaces hashtag had over two billion views.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Diel, Alexander; Lewis, Michael (August 1, 2022). "Structural deviations drive an uncanny valley of physical places". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 82: 101844. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101844. S2CID 250404379.
  2. 1 2 Heft, Peter (2021). "Betwixt and Between: Zones as Liminal and Deterritorialized Spaces" (PDF). Pulse: The Journal of Science and Culture. Budapest: Central European University. 8: 1–20.
  3. ↑ Neumann, Kimberly Dawn (September 6, 2022). "Liminal Space: What Is It And How Does It Affect Your Mental Health?". Forbes Health. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  4. ↑ Xiao, Madelyne (April 16, 2021). "The Pleasant Head Trip of Liminal Spaces". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  5. 1 2 Pitre, Jake (November 1, 2022). "The Eerie Comfort of Liminal Spaces". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  6. ↑ Koch, Karl (November 2, 2020). "Architecture: The Cult Following Of Liminal Space". Musée Magazine. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  7. ↑ Sandal, Michael L. (April 30, 2020). "'The Backrooms Game' Brings a Modern Creepypasta to Life [What We Play in the Shadows]". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  8. ↑ Patston, Manning (August 3, 2021). "The Backrooms: an eerie phenomenon lies behind these familiar hallways". Happy Mag. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2023.

Further reading

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