The genus Pyrenula consists of crustose lichens that usually grow on smooth, shaded bark. About 750 taxa have been named in the genus, although the majority of these names have been excluded from the genus as they have been transferred to other genera, or are considered synonyms. In his world key to the Pyrenula species, published in 2012, André Aptroot accepted 169 species, including 7 not yet formally described.[1] As of January 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 183 species of Pyrenula.[2]

A

Pyrenula aspistea
  • Pyrenula abditicarpa Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula acutispora Kalb & Hafellner (1992)[4]
  • Pyrenula adacta Fée (1825)[5]
  • Pyrenula aggregataspistea Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula albonigra Aptroot, D.S.Andrade & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula andina Aptroot (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula annulata Müll.Arg. (1893)[8]
  • Pyrenula anomala (Ach.) Vain. (1915)
  • Pyrenula arthoniotheca Upreti (1998)[9] – India
  • Pyrenula asahinae (Kashiw. & Kurok.) H.Harada (2004)[10] – Japan
  • Pyrenula aspistea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach. (1814)
  • Pyrenula astroidea (Fée) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula aurantiacorubra Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula aurantioinspersa Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula aurantiopileata Aptroot (2007)[12] – Thailand
  • Pyrenula aurantiothallina C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil

B

  • Pyrenula baileyi (C.Knight) Shirley (1889)
  • Pyrenula bataanensis (Rehm) Shoemaker & P.M.LeClair (1975)[14]
  • Pyrenula bicuspidata Müll.Arg. (1893)[15]
  • Pyrenula biseptata Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2018)[16]
  • Pyrenula bispora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[17] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula borneensis Aptroot (2012)[18] – Borneo
  • Pyrenula breutelii (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot (2011)[1]

C

Pyrenula citriformis
Pyrenula cruenta
  • Pyrenula caraibica Aptroot & Etayo (2003)[19] – Panama
  • Pyrenula celaticarpa Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula cerina Eschw. (1824)[20]
  • Pyrenula ceylonensis (Ajay Singh & Upreti) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula chloroplaca Shirley (1894)[21] – Australia
  • Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold (1887)[22]
  • Pyrenula cinnabarina Aptroot, E.L.Lima & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula clavatispora Common & Aptroot (2017)[23] – Florida
  • Pyrenula coccinea C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula concatervans (Nyl.) R.C.Harris (1980)[24]
  • Pyrenula confinis (Nyl.) R.C.Harris (1995)
  • Pyrenula conspurcata Müll.Arg. (1895)[25]
  • Pyrenula convexa (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1882)
  • Pyrenula cornutispora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula corticata (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula coryli A.Massal. (1852)
  • Pyrenula crassiuscula (Malme) Aptroot (2002)[26] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula cruenta (Mont.) Vain. (1890)
  • Pyrenula cruentata (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris (1987)
  • Pyrenula cryptothelia (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Etayo (2003)[19] – Panama

D

  • Pyrenula darjeelingensis Jagad.Ram & G.P.Sinha (2010)[27] – India
  • Pyrenula decumbens (Müll.Arg.) Upreti (1998)
  • Pyrenula defossa Müll.Arg. (1882)[28]
  • Pyrenula dermatodes (Borrer) Schaer. (1850)
  • Pyrenula diamantinensis C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot (2008)[7]

E

  • Pyrenula endocrocea Aptroot (2012)[18] – Philippines

F

  • Pyrenula fibrata (Stirt. ex F.M. Bailey) Zahlbr. (1922)
  • Pyrenula filiformis Aptroot (2014)[29] – New Caledonia
  • Pyrenula finitima Müll.Arg. (1887)[30]
  • Pyrenula flavoinspersa Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula fuscoluminata Aptroot (2002)
  • Pyrenula fusispora (Malme) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula fusoluminata Aptroot (2002)[26] – Brazil

G

  • Pyrenula galactina (Shirley) Kantvilas (1988)
  • Pyrenula gibberulosa (Vain.) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula globifera (Eschw.) Aptroot (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula guyanensis Sipman & Aptroot (2013)[6] – South America

H

  • Pyrenula hawaiiensis Aptroot (2012)[18] – Hawaii
  • Pyrenula hibernica (Nyl.) Aptroot & Etayo (2003)[19] – Panama
  • Pyrenula howeana Aptroot (2007)[31] – Australia

I

  • Pyrenula immersa Müll.Arg. (1887)[30]
  • Pyrenula indusiata Müll.Arg. (1895)[32]
  • Pyrenula infracongruens Aptroot & Schumm (2010)
  • Pyrenula infraleucotrypa Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula inframamillana Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula infrastroidea Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula inspersicollaris Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula inspersoleucotrypa Aptroot, L.I.Ferraro & M.Cáceres (2014)[33] – Argentina

L

Pyrenula leucostoma
  • Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold (1885)
  • Pyrenula laii Aptroot (2003)[34] – Taiwan
  • Pyrenula leptaleoides Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[17] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula leucostoma Ach. (1814)[35]
  • Pyrenula lilacina C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula luteopruinosa Etayo & Aptroot (2003)[19] – Panama
  • Pyrenula lyonii (Zahlbr.) Aptroot (2011)[1]

M

Pyrenula mamillana
Pyrenula microcarpa
  • Pyrenula macrospora (Degel.) Coppins & P.James (1980)
  • Pyrenula macularis (Zahlbr.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula mamillana (Ach.) Trevis. (1860)
  • Pyrenula maritima Sipman & Aptroot (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula mastigophora Aptroot (2014)[29] – South Solomons
  • Pyrenula mastophora (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1883)
  • Pyrenula mastophorizans Müll.Arg. (1885)[36]
  • Pyrenula mattickiana Sipman & Aptroot (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula melaleuca Müll.Arg. (1891)[37]
  • Pyrenula microcarpa Müll.Arg. (1885)[38]
  • Pyrenula microcarpoides Müll.Arg. (1895)[32]
  • Pyrenula micromma (Mont.) Trevis. (1853)
  • Pyrenula microtheca R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula minae Aptroot & Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula minoides Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula minutispora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2015)[39] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula minutissima Aptroot, Valadb. & Sipman (2012)[40] – Iran
  • Pyrenula monospora Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula montocensis Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula multicolorata Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016)[41] – Sri Lanka
  • Pyrenula muriciliata Diederich & Ertz (2020)[42] – Mauritius
  • Pyrenula musaespora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil

N

  • Pyrenula neojaponica H.Harada (2004)[10] – Japan
  • Pyrenula neolaevigata H.Harada (2004)[10] – Japan
  • Pyrenula neosandwicensis Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula nigrocincta Müll.Arg. (1891)[37]
  • Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. (1814)
  • Pyrenula nitidans Müll.Arg. (1891)[43]
  • Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke ex Schaer.) Müll.Arg. (1885)[38]
  • Pyrenula nitidula (Bres.) R.C.Harris (1997)

O

Pyrenula ochraceoflava
  • Pyrenula occidentalis (R.C.Harris) R.C.Harris (1987)
  • Pyrenula occulta (C.Knight) Müll.Arg. (1894)
  • Pyrenula ocellulata Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch (2012)[44] – Sri Lanka
  • Pyrenula ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula oxysporiza Zahlbr. (1922)

P

Pyrenula pseudobufonia
  • Pyrenula papillifera (Nyl.) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula paraminarum Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula parvinuclea (Meyen & Flot.) Aptroot (1997)
  • Pyrenula perfecta Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula pinguis Fée (1825)[5]
  • Pyrenula platystoma (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula plicata Sipman & Aptroot (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula porinoides Ach. (1814)
  • Pyrenula prostrata (Stirt.) D.J.Galloway (2004)[45] – New Zealand
  • Pyrenula pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C.Harris (1985)
  • Pyrenula punctoleucotrypa Aptroot, L.I.Ferraro & M.Cáceres (2014)[33] – Argentina
  • Pyrenula pyrenastroides (C.Knight) D.J.Galloway (2004)[45] – New Zealand
  • Pyrenula pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]

Q

  • Pyrenula quartzitica Aptroot (2002)[26] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula quassiicola Fée (1837)

R

  • Pyrenula ravenelii (Tuck.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11]
  • Pyrenula reebiae Aptroot & Gueidan (2015)[39] – North America
  • Pyrenula reginae E.L.Lima, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[46] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula relicta Etayo & Puntillo (2011)
  • Pyrenula rhomboidea Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[17] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula rinodinospora Aptroot (2012)[18] – Papua New Guinea
  • Pyrenula rubroanomala Aptroot & Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula rubroinspersa Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula rubrojavanica Aptroot (2012)[18] – Java
  • Pyrenula rubrolateralis Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[3] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula rubromamillana E.L.Lima, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[46] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula rubronitidula Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula rubrostigma Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula rubrostoma R.C.Harris (1980)[24]

S

  • Pyrenula salmonea Aptroot (2021)[47] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula sanguinea Aptroot, M.Cáceres & Lücking (2013)[48] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula sanguineoastroidea Aptroot (2021)[47] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula sanguineomeandrata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (2018)[16]
  • Pyrenula sanguineostiolata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (2018)[16]
  • Pyrenula santensis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1882)
  • Pyrenula schiffneri (Zahlbr.) Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula segregata (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1887)[30]
  • Pyrenula seminuda (Müll.Arg.) Sipman & Aptroot (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula sexlocularis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1877)
  • Pyrenula sexluminata Aptroot (2011)[1]
  • Pyrenula shirleyana (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot (2007)[31] – Australia
  • Pyrenula sipmanii Aptroot & K.H.Moon (2009)[49] – South Korea
  • Pyrenula spissitunicata Aptroot (2014)[29] – South Solomons
  • Pyrenula subcongruens Müll.Arg. (1895)[32]
  • Pyrenula subcylindrica Jagad.Ram & Upreti (2005)[50] – India
  • Pyrenula subsoluta (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot (2008)[7]
  • Pyrenula subumbilicata (C.Knight) Aptroot (2007)[31] – Australia
  • Pyrenula subvariabilis Aptroot & Sipman (2018)[16]
  • Pyrenula subvariolosa (C.Knight) Aptroot (2007)[31] – Australia
  • Pyrenula supracongruens Aptroot & Schumm (2010)
  • Pyrenula supralaetior C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil

T

  • Pyrenula tetraspora Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America
  • Pyrenula thailandica Aptroot (2012)[18] – Papua New Guinea; India; Thailand
  • Pyrenula tokyoensis (Müll.Arg.) H.Harada (2004)[10] – Japan
  • Pyrenula triangularis Aptroot & Sipman (2013)[6] – South America

V

  • Pyrenula velatior Müll.Arg. (1885)[51]
  • Pyrenula vermicularis (Kashiw. & Kurok.) H.Harada (2004)[10] – Japan
  • Pyrenula violaceastroidea C.O.Mendonça, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[13] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula viridipyrgilla Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[6] – South America

W

  • Pyrenula warmingii (Kremp.) Müll.Arg. (1884)
  • Pyrenula welwitschii (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot (2011)[1]

X

  • Pyrenula xanthinspersa Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2018)[16]
  • Pyrenula xanthoglobulifera Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres (2013)[52] – Brazil
  • Pyrenula xanthominuta Aptroot (2007)[31] – Australia

Former Pyrenula species

Many taxa once placed in Pyrenula have been moved to other genera or have been synonymized; these former Pyrenula species are listed here.[note 1]

  • Pyrenula achariana (Fée) Vain. (1901) = Melanotheca achariana
  • Pyrenula achroopora (Nyl.) Arnold (1871) = Pyrenula dermatodes
  • Pyrenula addubitans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1922) = Pleospora addubitans
  • Pyrenula aenea (Körb.) Rabenh. (1870) = Pseudosagedia aenea
  • Pyrenula aethiobola (Wahlenb.) Ach. (1814) = Verrucaria aethiobola
  • Pyrenula albissima (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis
  • Pyrenula americana (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1853) = Anisomeridium americanum
  • Pyrenula analepta (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Arthopyrenia analepta
  • Pyrenula annularis Fée (1825) = Astrothelium annulare
  • Pyrenula aractina (Wahlenb.) Ach. (1814) = Hydropunctaria aractina
  • Pyrenula areolata Ach. (1814) = Staurothele areolata
  • Pyrenula arthonioides (Eschw.) Vain. (1901) = Pyrenula arthoniotheca
  • Pyrenula biformis Hepp (1853) = Microthelia biformis
  • Pyrenula canellae-albae Fée (1837) = Sulcopyrenula canellae-albae
  • Pyrenula carpinea (Pers.) Trevis. (1853) = Segestria carpinea
  • Pyrenula cartilaginea Fée (1825)[5] = Astrothelium cartilagineum
  • Pyrenula catalepta (Ach.) Ach. (1814) = Verrucaria aethiobola
  • Pyrenula catervaria (Fée) A.Massal. (1855) = Trypethelium variolosum
  • Pyrenula cerasi (Schrad.) Trevis. (1853) = Arthopyrenia cerasi
  • Pyrenula ceratina Fée (1837) = Astrothelium ceratinum
  • Pyrenula chilensis (Fée) R.C.Harris (1989)[11] = Parmentaria chilensis
  • Pyrenula chlorotica (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Pseudosagedia chlorotica
  • Pyrenula cinchonae (Ach.) Tuck. (1868) = Constrictolumina cinchonae
  • Pyrenula circumrubens (Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (1910) = Pyrenula cruenta
  • Pyrenula clandestina Ach. (1814) = Clandestinotrema clandestinum
  • Pyrenula clopima (Wahlenb.) Ach. (1814) = Staurothele clopima
  • Pyrenula coactella (Stirt.) Upreti (1998) = Melanothecopsis coactella
  • Pyrenula collospora Vain. (1918) = Bogoriella collospora
  • Pyrenula diluta (Fée) Tuck. (1868) = Pseudopyrenula diluta
  • Pyrenula discissa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1922) = Phaeotrema discissum
  • Pyrenula discolor Ach. (1814) = Ampliotrema discolor
  • Pyrenula elaeina (Borrer) Schaer. (1850) = Verrucaria elaeina
  • Pyrenula emergens (Müll.Arg.) Vain. (1930) = Pyrenula pinguis
  • Pyrenula endococcoidea (Nyl.) Willey (1892) = Phaeospora rimosicola
  • Pyrenula epidermidis (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis
  • Pyrenula fallaciosa (Stizenb. ex Arnold) Willey (1892) = Arthopyrenia fallaciosa
  • Pyrenula flaventior (Stirt.) Müll.Arg. (1887)[30] = Pyrenula mastophora
  • Pyrenula fraxini (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1853) = Naetrocymbe fraxini
  • Pyrenula fuliginea Ach. (1814) = Thelignya lignyota
  • Pyrenula funckii Spreng. (1826) = Verrucaria funckii
  • Pyrenula fusca (Kremp.) Vain. (1915) = Pyrenula anomala
  • Pyrenula gaudichaudii (Fée) Pers. (1827) = Nigrovothelium tropicum
  • Pyrenula gelatinosa (Ach.) Schaer. (1850) = Agonimia gelatinosa
  • Pyrenula gemmata (Ach.) Nägeli (1853) = Acrocordia gemmata
  • Pyrenula gemmifera (Taylor) Willey (1887) = Tichothecium gemmiferum
  • Pyrenula gibbosa Ach. (1810) = Rimularia gibbosa
  • Pyrenula glabra (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1853) = Swinscowia glabra
  • Pyrenula glabratula (Nyl.) Arnold (1871) = Pyrenula dermatodes
  • Pyrenula guayaci (Fée) Müll.Arg. (1888) = Parapyrenis guayaci
  • Pyrenula harrisii Hafellner & Kalb (1992)[4] = Pyrenula occidentalis
  • Pyrenula henatomma (Ach.) Ach. (1810) = Ocellularia henatomma
  • Pyrenula hyalospora (Nyl.) Tuck. (1872) = Lithothelium hyalosporum
  • Pyrenula hydrela (Ach.) Schaer. (1850) = Verrucaria hydrela
  • Pyrenula infernalis (Mont.) Trevis. (1853) = Megalotremis infernalis
  • Pyrenula interjungens (Nyl.) Lange (1872) = Pseudosagedia interjungens
  • Pyrenula kakouettae Sérus. (1992) = Pyrenula acutispora
  • Pyrenula kunthii (Fée) Fée (1837) = Pyrenula mamillana
  • Pyrenula leucocephala (Ach.) Ach. (1814) = Lecanactis abietina
  • Pyrenula leucoplaca (Wallr.) Körb. (1855) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca
  • Pyrenula libricola Fée (1837) = Pyrenula leucostoma
  • Pyrenula lignyota (Wahlenb.) Ach. (1814) = Thelignya lignyota
  • Pyrenula lithina (Ach.) Ach. (1814) = Staurothele fissa
  • Pyrenula marcida Fée (1825) = Astrothelium marcidum
  • Pyrenula margacea (Wahlenb.) Ach. (1809) = Verrucaria margacea
  • Pyrenula marginata Hook. (1822) = Pyrenula mamillana
  • Pyrenula martinicana (Vain.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11] = Pyrenula caraibica
  • Pyrenula mastoidea Ach. (1814) = Clathroporina mastoidea
  • Pyrenula megalospora Fink (1899) = Acrocordia megalospora
  • Pyrenula melanospora Hepp (1860) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora
  • Pyrenula micromma Shirley (1890) = Pyrenula occulta
  • Pyrenula microscopica Müll.Arg. (1867) = Mycoporopsis microscopica
  • Pyrenula microthelia (Wallr.) Schaer. (1850) = Roselliniella microthelia
  • Pyrenula neoculata Aptroot (2007)[31] = Anthracothecium oculatum
  • Pyrenula nigrescens (Pers.) Ach. (1814) = Verrucaria nigrescens
  • Pyrenula nitens (Fée) Fée (1837) = Architrypethelium nitens
  • Pyrenula nitidella f. chlorospila (Arnold) Szatala (1940) = Pyrenula chlorospila
  • Pyrenula obovata (Stirt.) Shirley (1890) = Bogoriella obovata
  • Pyrenula ocellata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1922) = Polymeridium ocellatum
  • Pyrenula ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) R.C.Harris (1989)[11] = Pyrenula ochraceoflava
  • Pyrenula olivacea Schaer. (1850) = Pseudosagedia borreri
  • Pyrenula olivacea (Pers.) Hepp (1857) = Arthopyrenia analepta
  • Pyrenula oxyspora (Nyl.) Hepp (1857) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis
  • Pyrenula oxyspora Müll.Arg. (1895)[32] = Pyrenula oxysporiza
  • Pyrenula papularis (Fr.) Schaer. (1850) = Thelidium papulare
  • Pyrenula perpusilla (Nyl.) Willey (1887) = Endococcus rugulosus
  • Pyrenula pertusarioidea Kremp. (1881) = Polyblastiopsis pertusarioidea
  • Pyrenula planorbis (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Constrictolumina planorbis
  • Pyrenula punctiformis (Pers.) Trevis. (1853) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis
  • Pyrenula pupula Ach. (1814) = Astrothelium pupula
  • Pyrenula pygmaea (Körb.) Tuck. (1872) = Muellerella pygmaea
  • Pyrenula quercus (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1853) = Cyrtidula quercus
  • Pyrenula quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Tuck. (1872) = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
  • Pyrenula quinqueseptata Aptroot (1997) = Pyrenula sexluminata
  • Pyrenula rhyponta (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta
  • Pyrenula salicis (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1853) = Arthopyrenia salicis
  • Pyrenula sphaeroides Schaer. (1850) = Zignoella sphaeroides
  • Pyrenula staurospora Tuck. ex Willey (1892) = Sulcopyrenula staurospora
  • Pyrenula subandamanica Upreti (1998) = Parmentaria andamanensis
  • Pyrenula subfarinosa Fée (1825)[5] = Phaeotrema subfarinosum
  • Pyrenula submersa (Borrer) Schaer. (1850) = Verrucaria hydrela
  • Pyrenula subprostans (Nyl.) Tuck. (1872) = Anisomeridium subprostans
  • Pyrenula subsimplex Vain. (1915) = Melanotheca vainioensis
  • Pyrenula tetracerae (Ach.) Ach. (1814) = Porina tetracerae
  • Pyrenula thelena (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Bogoriella thelena
  • Pyrenula tremulae (Körb.) Hepp (1860) = Leptorhaphis tremulae
  • Pyrenula tropica (Ach.) Trevis. (1853) = Nigrovothelium tropicum
  • Pyrenula uberina (Fée) Fée (1837) = Architrypethelium uberinum
  • Pyrenula umbonata Ach. (1810) = Pyrenocarpon thelostomum
  • Pyrenula umbrata Ach. (1814) = Thelotrema umbratum
  • Pyrenula variolosa Pers. (1827) = Anthracothecium variolosum
  • Pyrenula ventosicola (Mudd) Willey (1887) = Muellerella ventosicola
  • Pyrenula vermicellifera (J.Kunze) Link (1833) = Opegrapha vermicellifera
  • Pyrenula verrucosa Ach. (1810) = Polyblastia verrucosa
  • Pyrenula wallrothii Hepp (1860) = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii
  • Pyrenula zwackhii (Hepp) Hepp (1867) = Thelidium zwackhii

Notes

  1. ↑ Source: Species Fungorum (names listed in blue are not currently accepted).[53]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aptroot, André (1 January 2012). "A world key to the species of Anthracothecium and Pyrenula". The Lichenologist. 44 (1): 5–53. doi:10.1017/s0024282911000624.
  2. ↑ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Pyrenula". Catalog of Life Version 2023-12-15. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aptroot, Andre; Andrade, Dannyelly Santos; Mendonça, Cléverton; Lima, Edvaneide Leandro De; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2015). "Ten new species of corticolous pyrenocarpous lichens from NE Brazil". Phytotaxa. 197 (3): 197–206. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.3.
  4. 1 2 Kalb, K.; Hafellner, J. (1992). "Bemerkenswerte Flechten und lichenicole Pilze von der Insel Madeira". Herzogia (in German). 9 (1–2): 45–102. doi:10.1127/herzogia/9/1992/45.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Fée, A.L.A. (1825). Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales (in French). Paris: Firmin Didot père et fils. p. 74.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Aptroot, André; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2013). "Twenty-one new species of Pyrenula from South America, with a note on over-mature ascospores". The Lichenologist. 45 (2): 169–198. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000734.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aptroot, André; Lücking, Robert; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Umana, Loengrin; Chaves, José Luis (2008). "Pyrenocarpous lichens with bitunicate asci". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. 97: 89–128. ISBN 978-3-443-58076-6.
  8. ↑ Müller, J. (1893). "Lichenes Wilsoniani, s. lichenes a cl. Rev. F.R.M.Wilson in Australiae prov. Victoria lecti". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 1: 33–65 [64].
  9. ↑ Upreti, D.K. (1998). "A key to the lichen genus Pyrenula from India, with nomenclatural notes". Nova Hedwigia. 66 (3–4): 557–576.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Harada, H.; Okamoto, T.; Yoshimura, I. (2004). "A checklist of lichens and lichen-allies of Japan". Lichenology. 2 (2): 47–166.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Harris, D.C. (1989). "A sketch of the family Pyrenulaceae (Melanommatales) in eastern North America". Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. 49: 74–107.
  12. ↑ Aptroot, A.; Saipunkaew, W.; Sipman, H.J.M.; Sparrius, L.B.; Wolseley, P.A. (2007). "New lichens from Thailand, mainly microlichens from Chiang Mai". Fungal Diversity. 24: 75–134.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mendonça, Cléverton De Oliveira; Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia Da Silva (2016). "Six new species of the lichen genus Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) from Northeast Brazil". Phytotaxa. 286 (3): 169–176. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.286.3.4.
  14. ↑ Shoemaker, R.A.; LeClair, P.M. (1975). "Type studies of Massaria from the Wehmeyer collection". Canadian Journal of Botany. 53 (15): 1568–1598. doi:10.1139/b75-188.
  15. ↑ Müller, J. (1893). "Lichenes exotici II". Hedwigia. 32 (2): 120–136.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Aptroot, André; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Mercado Diaz, Joel Alejandro; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Feuerstein, Shirley Cunha; Cunha-Dias, Iane Paula Rego; Pereira, Thamires Almeida; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2018). "Eight new species of Pyrenulaceae from the Neotropics, with a key to 3-septate Pyrgillus species". The Lichenologist. 50 (1): 77–87. doi:10.1017/s0024282917000573.
  17. 1 2 3 Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2013). "Pyrenocarpous lichens (except Trypetheliaceae) in Rondônia". The Lichenologist. 45 (6): 763–785. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000534.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aptroot, André; Schumm, Felix; Cáceres, Marcela E.S. (2012). "Six new species of Pyrenula from the tropics". The Lichenologist. 44 (5): 611–618. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000254.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Etayo, Javiar; Aptroot, André (2003). "Pyrenula luteopruinosa sp. nov. from Panama and notes on other members of the genus". The Lichenologist. 35 (3): 233–236. doi:10.1016/s0024-2829(03)00021-5.
  20. ↑ Eschweiler, F.G. (1824). Systema Lichenum, Genera Exhibens rite distincta, Pluribus Novis Adaucta (in Latin). p. 25.
  21. ↑ Shirley, J. (1894). "Notes on Tasmanian lichens". Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 1893: 214–219.
  22. ↑ Arnold, F. (1887). "Lichenologische Fragmente. XXVIII". Flora (Regensburg). 70: 145–164.
  23. ↑ Aptroot, André; Common, Ralph S. (2017). "Pyrenula clavatispora, a new species from Florida with narrowly clavate ascospores, with a key to similar species". The Bryologist. 120 (3): 270–273. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-120.3.270.
  24. 1 2 Tucker, Shirley C.; Harris, Richard C. (1980). "New and noteworthy pyrenocarpous lichens from Louisiana and Florida". The Bryologist. 83 (1): 1–20. doi:10.2307/3242389. JSTOR 3242389.
  25. ↑ Müller, J. (1895). "Sertum Australiense s. species novae Australienses Thelotremearum, Graphidearum et Pyrenocarpearum". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 3: 313–327.
  26. 1 2 3 Aptroot, A. (2002). "New and interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Brazil". Fungal Diversity. 9: 15–45.
  27. ↑ Ram, T.A.M. Jagadeesh; Sinha, G.P. (2009). "A new species and new records of Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) from India". The Lichenologist. 42 (1): 51–53. doi:10.1017/s0024282909990132.
  28. ↑ Müller, J. (1882). "Lichenologische Beiträge XVI". Flora (Regensburg). 65 (33): 515–519.
  29. 1 2 3 Aptroot, André (2014). "Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species". The Bryologist. 117 (3): 282–289. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.282.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Müller, J. (1887). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXVI. Flora (Regensburg)". 70 (26/27): 423–429.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aptroot, A. (2007). "New species, combinations, lectotypifications and synonyms in Australia Pyrenulaceae". Australasian Lichenology. 60: 34–41.
  32. 1 2 3 4 Müller, J. (1895). "Pyrenocarpeae Queenslandiae". Report of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science (in Latin). 6: 449–466.
  33. 1 2 Aptroot, André; Ferraro, Lidia Itatí; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2014). "New pyrenocarpous lichens from NE Argentina". The Lichenologist. 46 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000716.
  34. ↑ Aptroot, A. (2003). "Pyrenocarpous lichens and related non-lichenized ascomycetes from Taiwan". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 93: 155–173.
  35. ↑ Acharius, E. (1814). "Monographie der Lichenen-Gattung Pyrenula mit Abbildungen aller bisher bekannten Arten". Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin (in German). 6 (1): 3–25.
  36. ↑ Müller, J. (1885). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXII". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 68 (28): 503–518.
  37. 1 2 Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Brisbanenses a cl. F.M. Bailey, Government Botanist, prope Brisbane (Queensland) in Australia orientali lecti". Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano. 23 (3): 385–404.
  38. 1 2 Müller, J. (1885). "Pyrenocarpeae Cubenses a cl. C. Wright lectae". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in Latin). 6: 375–421 [412].
  39. 1 2 Gueidan, Cécile; Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; Binh, Nguyen Quoc (2015). "Molecular phylogeny of the tropical lichen family Pyrenulaceae: contribution from dried herbarium specimens and FTA card samples". Mycological Progress. 15 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1154-8.
  40. ↑ Aptroot, André; Valadbeigi, Tahereh; Sipman, Harrie J.M. (2012). "A new species and new records of the lichen genus Pyrenula from Iran". The Lichenologist. 44 (4): 445–448. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000023.
  41. ↑ Weerakoon, G.; Aptroot, A. (2016). "Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka". Phytotaxa. 280 (2): 152–162. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.5.
  42. ↑ Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien (2020). "First checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Mauritius, with phylogenetic analyses and description of new taxa". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (1): 13–75. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0003.
  43. ↑ Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Bellendenici a cl. F.M.Bailey, Government Botanist, ad Bellenden Kerr Australiae orientalis lecti et sub numeris citatis missi". Hedwigia (in Latin). 30: 47–56.
  44. ↑ Wijeyaratne, S.C.; Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2012). "Three new crustose lichen species from Sri Lanka". Nova Hedwigia. 94 (3–4): 367–372. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0008.
  45. 1 2 Galloway, D.J. (2004). "New lichen taxa and names in the New Zealand mycobiota". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 42: 105–120. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512893.
  46. 1 2 Lima, Edvaneide Leandro de; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Maia, Leonor Costa; Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2013). "Two new species of Pyrenula with a red or orange thallus from Vale do Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil". The Lichenologist. 45 (2): 199–202. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000783.
  47. 1 2 Junior, Isaias Oliveira; Aptroot, André; da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia (2021). "Lichens from Monte Pascoal, Bahia, Brazil, with some new pyrenocarpous species and a key to the Pyrenula species from Brazil". The Bryologist. 124 (4): 552–568. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.4.552.
  48. ↑ Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Aptroot, André; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Lücking, Robert (2013). "Pyrenula sanguinea (lichenized Ascomycota: Pyrenulaceae), a new species with unique, trypethelioid ascomata and complex pigment chemistry". The Bryologist. 116 (4): 350–357. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.4.350.
  49. ↑ Moon, K.H.; Aptroot, A. (2009). "Pyrenocarpous lichens in Korea". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 99: 297–314.
  50. ↑ Jagadeesh Ram, T. A. M.; Upreti, D.K.; Sinha, G.P. (2005). "Pyrenula subcylindrica, a new pyrenocarpous lichen from India". The Lichenologist. 37 (2): 109–110. doi:10.1017/s0024282904014604.
  51. ↑ Müller, J. (1885). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXI". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 68 (17): 331–342.
  52. ↑ Menezes, Aline Anjos; Xavier-Leite, Amanda Barreto; Aptroot, André; da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia (2013). "New lichen species from the Caatinga in Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil". The Bryologist. 116 (3): 302–305. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.3.302.
  53. ↑ "Search term: Pyrenula". Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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