The fruits of Sapindus saponaria, western or wingleaf soapberry, give the family its vernacular name.

This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which includes the soapberries (Sapindus), maples (Acer), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies.[1]

Phylogeny and circumscription

The circumscription of Sapindaceae encompasses the former Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae families as tribes in subfamily Hippocastanoideae. Although the classification at subfamilial level is fairly well-established, the circumscription at tribal and generic level remains only partially resolved, especially in the larger subfamily Sapindoideae, which has led the most recent revision to treat the majority of these genera without placing them in a tribe.[1] Another recent study hints at even more incongruity between traditional circumscription and molecular evidence.[2]

Changes have included the synonymization of Distichostemon with Dodonaea,[3] and Neotina and Tinopsis with Tina.[4] Additionally, not all authors agree about the broad circumscription that ensues from placing Xanthoceras as the sister group to the three traditional families as the resulting Sapindaceae sensu lato, unlike the traditional families, is difficult to characterize.[1][5] As a result, the elevation of Xanthoceroideae to family level was proposed, which would have removed six genera from Sapindaceae and Hippocastanoideae.[5]

This list follows the updated classification of Buerki et al.[6]

Subfamily Dodonaeoideae

Tribe Dodonaeae

(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Dodonaea Mill.

Tribe Doratoxyleae

Radlk. 1890. Type genus: Doratoxylon Thouars ex Hook.f.

Incertae sedis

Subfamily Hippocastanoideae

Tribe Acereae

(Durande) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Acer L.

Tribe Hippocastaneae

(DC.) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Aesculus L.

Subfamily Sapindoideae

Tribe Athyaneae

Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Athyana (Griseb.) Radlk.

Tribe Blomieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Blomia Miranda

  • Blomia Miranda[32] (1; Mexico, Guatemala and Belize)

Tribe Bridgesieae

Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Bridgesia Bertero ex Cambess.

Tribe Cupanieae

Blume (1857). Type genus: Cupania L.

Tribe Guindilieae

Buerki, Callm. & Acev.‐Rodr. (2021). Type genus: Guindilia Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Tribe Haplocoeleae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Haplocoelum Radlk.

Tribe Koelreuterieae

Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Koelreuteria Laxm.

Tribe Melicocceae

Blume (1847). Type genus: Melicoccus P.Browne

Tribe Nephelieae

Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Nephelium L.

Tribe Paullinieae

(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Paullinia L.

Tribe Sapindeae

(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Sapindus L.

Tribe Schleichereae

Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Schleichera Willd.

Tribe Stadmanieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Stadtmannia Lam. ex. Poir.

Tribe Thouiniaeae

Blume (1847). Type genus: Thouinia Poit.

Tribe Tristiropsideae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Tristiropsis Radlk.

Tribe Ungnadieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Ungnadia Endl.

Subfamily Xanthoceratoideae

Incertae sedis

Fossil genera

A number of fossil genera have been placed within Sapindaceae, many being morphogenera and lacking subfamilial identification[87]

  • †Acerinium Unger (wood)
  • †Aceripollenites Nagy (pollen)
  • †Aceroxylon Loubière (wood)
  • †Aesculiphyllum Nathorst (leaves)
  • †Aesculoxylon Trivedi & Srivastava (wood)
  • †Bohlenia Wolfe & Wehr (leaves)
  • †Cupanites Schimper (fruits)
  • †Cupanoides Bowerbank (fruits)
  • †Djambioxylon Kräusel (wood)
  • †Dodonaeaecarpum Andreánszky (fruits)
  • †Dodonaeites Saporta (fruits)
  • †Euphoriaecarpum Menzel (fruits)
  • †Euphoriopsis Massalongo (fruits & leaves)
  • †Euphorioxylon Awasthi, Guleria & Lakhanpal (wood)
  • †Fraasia Unger (wood)
  • †Matayboxylon Suguio & Mussa (wood)
  • †Monopleurophyllum Andreánszky (leaves)
  • †Negundoides Lesquereux (leaves)
  • †Nephelites Deane (leaves)
  • †Palaealectryon Reid & Chandler (seeds)
  • †Palaeallophylus Reid & Chandler (seeds)
  • †Pometioxylon Prakash & Tripathi (wood)
  • †Sapindaceaecarpum Andreánszky (fruits)
  • †Sapindiphyllum Nathorst (leaves)
  • †Sapindoidea Kirchheimer (seeds)
  • †Sapindoidites Thiergart (pollen)
  • †Sapindophyllum Ettingshausen (leaves)
  • †Sapindopsoxylon Pfeiffer & van Heurn (wood)
  • †Sapindospermum Reid & Chandler (seeds)
  • †Sapindostrobus Ettingshausen (cones)
  • †Sapindoxylon Kräusel (wood)
  • †Schleicheroxylon Awasthi, Guleria, & Lakhanpal (wood)
  • †Schmiedeliopsis Felix (wood)
  • †Talisiipites Wodehouse (pollen)

Notes

  1. ↑ The genus might not be distinct from Majidea (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:375)
  2. ↑ Because its fruit has not been described in the literature, this genus' tribal placement is not entirely clear (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:378).
  3. ↑ A replacement name for Radlkofer's own Euphoriopsis (Actes Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877:128, 1877) which was preoccupied by a genus of fossil Sapindaceae named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (Sapind. Foss. Monogr.:12, 1852).
  4. ↑ Not Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil:239: although the title page for that work gives the year of publication as 1824, the relevant part was not issued before late 1825 (Stafley & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 4:1067).
  5. ↑ Saint-Hilaire originally described two species, now treated as one, but a generic type has yet to be defined.
  6. ↑ Thwaites had originally (Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6:65. 1854) named the genus Pterophyllum, but that name had already been applied by Siebold et Zuccarini to a genus of Papaveraceae in 1843 (Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(3):719).
  7. ↑ Arnott published the name as Erythrophila, which Otto Wilhelm Sonder later (Fl. Cap. 1:237, 1860) "corrected" to Erythrophysa. Nonetheless, the original spelling is correct under the ICBN (Vienna, 2005, art. 60); the need to conserved the corrected spelling was noted as early as 1962 (Verdcourt, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 58(372):201), but no formal proposal was published.
  8. ↑ The first book was published in several edition, the in-octavo edition, vol. 3, p. 255 is often cited.
  9. ↑ The Mantissa Plantarum (Mat. Pl.:125) is often also cited. This was a work published simultaneously as an appendix to volume 2 of the Systema Naturae's 12th and 13th editions. The link is to an online scan of the 13th edition (without the Mantissa), a page-for-page reprint done in Vienna missing only the third volume's errata. See Stafleu & Cowan (1981; Taxon. Lit. 3:106–108) for further details and references.
  10. ↑ According to Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. (2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:396), the difference from Dimocarpus is "doubtful".
  11. ↑ According to Stafleu & Cowan (1983; Taxon. Lit. 4:273), different copies may be bound differently. Other sources cite "1894" as the year of publication.
  12. ↑ The definition of species in the genus is a difficult matter, and species number have ranged from 250 to a single polymorphic one. Since the latter proposal by Pieter Willem Leenhouts (Blumea 15(2):313. 1967), "no progress in an understanding of the systematic structure of Allophylus has been made" (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:380).
  13. ↑ The paper was issued in two part, the first (pp. 358–368) was included with the November 1886 issue containing proceedings of the society's July meeting. the rest was published in March 1887 alongside the proceedings of the November meeting (Leussink, 1986, Taxon 35(2):256).
  14. ↑ This preprint eventually appeared as Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2:75–147 (1835).

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  83. ↑ Endlicher, S.L. (1833). Atkta Botanica (in Latin). Vienna: Friedrich Beck. pl. 36.
  84. ↑ Bunger, Alexander (1833). Enumeratio Plantarum quas in China Boreali Collegit (in Latin). Saint-Petersbourg. p. 11.
  85. ↑ Pellegrin, François (1924). "Bizonula, genre nouveau de Sapindacées d'Afrique occidentale". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 71 (2): 299–300. doi:10.1080/00378941.1924.10836938.
  86. ↑ Pellegrin, F. (1955). "Sapindacées nouvelles du Gabon: Chytranthus, Hook, f., Pancovia Wild.,Pseudopancovia Pellegr. et Placodiscus Radlk". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 102 (5–6): 226–229. doi:10.1080/00378941.1955.10833281.
  87. ↑ "Sapindaceae". The International Fossil Plant Names Index. Retrieved 3 Dec 2023.
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