Hassan ibn Ali's Caliphate (661)

There is difference of opinion on whether Hasan ibn Ali, who succeeded his father for a few months before abdicating in favor of Mu'awiya I in the Hasan–Muawiya treaty, should be considered one of the Rashidun caliphs.

Calligraphic name	Name (in Arabic)	Born (CE)	Reign (CE)	Death	Relationship with Muhammad (or previous Caliph)	House
	Hasan ibn Ali (الحسن بن علي) Ahl al-Bayt Al-Mujtaba	624	Six or seven months during 661	670	Muhammad's grandson through his daughter Fatima Son of Ali	Banu Hashim

Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr's Caliphate (684–692)

Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, the nephew of Aisha, the third wife of Muhammad, led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 684 AD. He was proclaimed caliph in Mecca but was defeated and killed there in 692 AD after a six-month siege by general Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf.^[17]

Coin	Name (and titles)	Birth	Reigned from	Reigned until	Death	Parents	House
	Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (عبد الله ابن الزبير)	May, 624 AD	November 683 AD	November 692 AD	November 692 AD	al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Asma bint Abi Bakr,	Banu Asad

Talib al-Haqq (747–748)

Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)

Caliphate of Fatimid dynasty

Image/Coin	Regnal name	Personal name	Born	Reigned from	Reigned until	Died	Parents
	al-Mahdi Billah	Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn	874	27 August 909	4 March 934		Abd Allah al-Radi
	al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh	Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh	893	4 March 934	17 May 946		Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
	al-Mansur Billah	Abu Tahir Isma'il	914	17 May 946	18 March 953		al-Qa'im Karima
	al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah	Abu Tamim Ma'ad al-Muizz li-Din Allah	931	19 March 953	21 December 975		al-Mansur Billah
	al-Aziz Billah	Abu al-Mansur Nizar	955	18 December 975	13 October 966		al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah Al-Sayyida al-Mu'iziyya
	al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah	Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr	985	14 October 966	13 February 1021		al-Aziz Billah as-Sayyidah al-'Azīziyyah
	al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah	Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥākim	1005	28 March 1021	13 June 1036		al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
	al-Mustansir Billah	Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Mustanṣir biʾllāh	1029	13 June 1036	29 December 1094		al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah Rasad
	al-Musta'li Billah	Abū al-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn al-Mustanṣir	1074	29/30 December 1094	11/12 December 1101		al-Mustansir Billah
	al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah	Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr ibn al-Mustaʿlī	1096	11 December 1101	7 October 1130		al-Musta'li
	al-Hafiz li-Din Allah	Abūʾl-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir	1074/5 or 1075/6	23 January 1132	10 October 1149		Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad ibn al-Mustansir Billah
	al-Ẓāfir bi-Aʿdāʾ Allāh	Abū al-Manṣūr Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ	1133	10 October 1149	1 or 15 April 1154		al-Hafiz
	al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah	Abūʾl-Qāsim ʿĪsā ibn al-Ẓāfir	1149	16 April 1154	22 July 1160		al-Zafir
	al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh	Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf	1151	23 July 1160	13 September 1171		Yusuf ibn al-Hafiz li-Din Allah

Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031)

(Not universally accepted; actual authority confined to Spain and parts of Maghreb)^[18][19]

Almohad Caliphate (1145–1269)

(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of North Africa and Iberia)^[20][21]

The Almohad Empire at its greatest extent (c. 1200)

• Ibn Tumart 1121–1130
• Abd al-Mu'min 1130–1163
• Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163–1184
• Abu Yusuf Ya'qub 'al-Mansur' 1184–1199
• Muhammad al-Nasir 1199–1213
• Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 'al-Mustansir' 1213–1224
• Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid I 'al-Makhlu' 1224
• Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227
• Yahya 'al-Mutasim' 1227–1229
• Abu al-Ala Idris I al-Ma'mun, 1229–1232
• Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid II 'al-Rashid' 1232–1242
• Abu al-Hassan Ali 'al-Said' 1242–1248
• Abu Hafs Umar 'al-Murtada', 1248–1266
• Abu al-Ula (Abu Dabbus) Idris II 'al-Wathiq' 1266–1269

Bornu and Songhai Empires (15th/16th century)

The Bornu Empire at its greatest extent (c. 1750)

Songhai Empire at its greatest extent (c. 1500)

Several rulers of West Africa adopted the title of Caliph. Mai Ali Ghaji ibn Dunama was the first ruler of Bornu Empire to assume the title. Askia Mohammad I of Songhai Empire also assumed the title around the same time.^[22]

Indian caliphates (late medieval/early modern)

Since the 12th century, despite the South Asian domination of numerous Muslim empires, kingdoms and sultanates, Islamic caliphates were not fully attempted to be established across the Indian subcontinent. However, under the sharia based reigns of Sunni emperors such as Alauddin Khalji, Mughal Empire's Aurangzeb, and Mysore's rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, absolute forms of caliphates were clearly to have appeared. These largely impacted the French-Italian emperor Napoleone Bonaparte and soldiers of the British Empire.^{[23][24][25][26]}

Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)

The Sokoto Caliphate (pink) at its greatest extent (c. 1800)

(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of West Africa)

Established by Tariqa Islamic scholar and religious leader Usman dan Fodio through the Fulani War (alternatively known as the Fulani Jihad), which sought to reduce the influence of pre-Islamic religious practices and spread a more vigorous form of Islam through the auspices of a Caliphate.

Sharifian Caliphate (1924–1925)

Map with the kingdom in green and the current region in red.

A last attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style with ecumenical recognition was made by Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and Sharif of Mecca, who assumed both on 11 March 1924 and held them until 3 October 1924, when he passed the kingship to his son `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Hashimi, who did not adopt the caliphal office and style.^[27] Like the Fatimid caliphs, he was a descendant of Muhammad through a grandson of Hasan ibn Ali. Hussein's claim for caliphate was not accepted by the Wahhabi and Salafi movements, and in 1925 he was driven from Hejaz by the forces of Ibn Saud as an outcome of the Second Saudi-Hashemite War. He continued to use the title of caliph during his remaining life in exile, until his death in 1931.

Islamic State (2014–present)

On 29 June 2014, the Islamic State proclaimed the return of the Islamic caliphate, with its first caliph as Amir al-Mu'minin Abu Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad Al-Badri Al-Husaini Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi As-sammera'i al-Baghdadi.^[28][29] The caliphate's claimed territory at its peak controlled 12 million people. At its height, Islamic State ruled territories in various countries including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Nigeria, Libya, the Philippines, Afghanistan, Congo, Yemen, and the Sinai region in Egypt, in addition to running guerrilla cells in many other countries.^[30][31]

In 2014–15, dozens of Salafi Jihadi groups^[32] and scholars^[33] around the world pledged allegiance to ISIL claimed Caliphate.

On 10 April 2018, during a rally of U.S. President Donald Trump in Elkhart, Indiana in support of Mike Braun’s bid for the US Senate, Vice President Mike Pence referred to ISIS as a Caliphate, claiming "ISIS is on the run, their Caliphate has crumbled, and we will soon drive them out of existence once and for all."^[34]

The Islamic State of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the militant jihadist organization prescribed by many states as a terrorist organization, and the founding organization of the Islamic State caliphate. Were severely degraded in operational capability, subscribers and territorial control during the military intervention in Iraq and Syria by the U.S.-led Global Coalition to Defeat Daesh, and in Syria by the military of the Russian Federation.^[35]

As of early, 2022 Islamic State occupies some territory in Nigeria and has 3 million people under its rule;^[36] and also it continues to maintain control over some rural uninhabited areas in both Iraq and Syria^[37][38]

No.	Image	Caliph	Date of birth	Reigned from	Reigned until
1		Abu-Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad al-Baghdadi	28 July 1971	29 June 2014	27 October 2019
2		Abu-Ibrahim Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi	October 1976	31 October 2019	3 February 2022
3		Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi	Unknown	10 March 2022	15 October 2022
4		Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi	Unknown	30 November 2022	29 April 2023
5		Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi	Unknown	3 August 2023	Present