Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinal electors can take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinals;[3] as of 2023 there had never been more at the time of a conclave, though it has happened frequently at other times. Cardinals may be created in pectore ('in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]

As of 28 December 2023, there are 240 cardinals, 132 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 30 September 2023, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 18 cardinal electors.[5] Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 28 December 2023; and John Onaiyekan will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 29 January 2024. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Thomas Williams, on 22 December 2023, at the age of 93.[6]

Cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope,[lower-alpha 1] plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order,[9][10] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[8][11] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.[lower-alpha 2]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order.[12] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[lower-alpha 2]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][13] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Renato Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is James Michael Harvey and the junior cardinal deacon is Ángel Fernández Artime.[lower-alpha 2]

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in charge of dioceses are classified under the country where their diocese is located, although they may be citizens of a different country.

* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Giovanni Battista Re* Italy 30 January 1934
(age 89)		 CB 21 February 2001[lower-roman 1]
John Paul II		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops [15]
2 Leonardo Sandri* Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 80)		 CB 24 November 2007[lower-roman 2]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [16]
3 Francis Arinze* Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 91)		 CB 25 May 1985[lower-roman 3]
John Paul II		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [17]
4 Tarcisio Bertone SDB* Italy 2 December 1934
(age 89)		 CB 21 October 2003[lower-roman 4]
John Paul II		 Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [18]
5 José Saraiva Martins CMF* Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 92)		 CB 21 February 2001[lower-roman 5]
John Paul II		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [19]
6 Pietro Parolin Italy 17 January 1955
(age 68)		 CB 22 February 2014[lower-roman 6]
Francis		 Secretary of State of His Holiness [20]
7 Marc Ouellet PSS Canada 8 June 1944
(age 79)		 CB 21 October 2003[lower-roman 6]
John Paul II		 Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops [21]
8 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 77)		 CB 18 February 2012[lower-roman 7]
Benedict XVI		 Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [22]
9 Beniamino Stella* Italy 18 August 1941
(age 82)		 CB 22 February 2014[lower-roman 8]
Francis		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [23]
10 Luis Antonio Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 66)		 CB 24 November 2012[lower-roman 9]
Benedict XVI		 Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization [24]
11 Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM* Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 83)		 CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI		 Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church)		 [25]
12 Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 75)		 CB 28 June 2018
Francis		 Patriarch of Baghdad
(Chaldean Church)		 [26]
13 Michael Michai Kitbunchu* Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 94)		 CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok [27]
14 Alexandre do Nascimento* Angola 1 March 1925
(age 98)		 CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Luanda [28]
15 Paul Poupard* France 30 August 1930
(age 93)		 CP 25 May 1985[lower-roman 10]
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue [29]
16 Friedrich Wetter* Germany 20 February 1928
(age 95)		 CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising [30]
17 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 87)		 CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo [31]
18 Roger Mahony* United States 27 February 1936
(age 87)		 CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [32]
19 Camillo Ruini* Italy 19 February 1931
(age 92)		 CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II		 Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [33]
20 Julius Darmaatmadja SJ* Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 89)		 CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta [34]
21 Emmanuel Wamala* Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 97)		 CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Kampala [35]
22 Adam Maida* United States 18 March 1930
(age 93)		 CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Detroit [36]
23 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 78)		 CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna [37]
24 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 90)		 CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [38]
25 James Stafford* United States 26 July 1932
(age 91)		 CP 21 February 1998[lower-roman 11]
John Paul II		 Major Penitentiary emeritus [39]
26 Salvatore De Giorgi* Italy 6 September 1930
(age 93)		 CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [40]
27 Antonio María Rouco Varela* Spain 20 August 1936
(age 87)		 CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [41]
28 Polycarp Pengo Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 79)		 CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam [42]
29 Christoph Schönborn OP Austria[lower-alpha 3] 22 January 1945
(age 78)		 CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II		 Archbishop of Vienna [43]
30 Norberto Rivera Carrera* Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 81)		 CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Mexico [44]
31 Jānis Pujats* Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 93)		 CP 21 February 1998[lower-alpha 4]
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Riga [45]
32 Sergio Sebastiani* Italy 11 April 1931
(age 92)		 CP 21 February 2001[lower-roman 12]
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [46]
33 Crescenzio Sepe* Italy 2 June 1943
(age 80)		 CP 21 February 2001[lower-roman 13]
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Naples [47]
34 Walter Kasper* Germany 5 March 1933
(age 90)		 CP 21 February 2001[lower-roman 12]
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [48]
35 Pedro Rubiano Sáenz* Colombia 13 September 1932
(age 91)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [49]
36 Audrys Bačkis* Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 86)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius [50]
37 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* Chile 5 September 1933
(age 90)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [51]
38 Wilfrid Napier OFM* South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 82)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Durban [52]
39 Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB* Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 81)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals [53]
40 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne* Peru 28 December 1943
(age 80)		 CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Lima [54]
41 Julián Herranz Casado* Spain 31 March 1930
(age 93)		 CP 21 October 2003[lower-roman 14]
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [55]
42 Angelo Scola* Italy 7 November 1941
(age 82)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Milan [56]
43 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 87)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [57]
44 Gabriel Zubeir Wako* Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 82)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum [58]
45 Justin Rigali* United States 19 April 1935
(age 88)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [59]
46 Ennio Antonelli* Italy 18 November 1936
(age 87)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [60]
47 Peter Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 75)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences [61]
48 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 74)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb [62]
49 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn* Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 89)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City [63]
50 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 73)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop emeritus of Lyon [64]
51 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 71)		 CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [65]
52 Franc Rodé CM* Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 89)		 CP 24 March 2006[lower-roman 15]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [66]
53 Agostino Vallini* Italy 17 April 1940
(age 83)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi [67]
54 Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* Philippines 10 August 1932
(age 91)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Manila [68]
55 Jean-Pierre Ricard France 25 September 1944
(age 79)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux [69]
56 Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain 15 October 1945
(age 78)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Valencia [70]
57 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap United States 29 June 1944
(age 79)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors [71]
58 Stanisław Dziwisz* Poland 27 April 1939
(age 84)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Kraków [72]
59 Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* China
(Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]		 13 January 1932
(age 91)		 CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI		 Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [73]
60 Giovanni Lajolo* Italy 3 January 1935
(age 89)		 CP 24 November 2007[lower-roman 16]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [74]
61 Paul Josef Cordes* Germany 5 September 1934
(age 89)		 CP 24 November 2007[lower-roman 16]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum [75]
62 Angelo Comastri* Italy 17 September 1943
(age 80)		 CP 24 November 2007[lower-roman 16]
Benedict XVI		 Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter [76]
63 Stanisław Ryłko Poland 4 July 1945
(age 78)		 CP 24 November 2007[lower-roman 16]
Benedict XVI		 Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [77]
64 Raffaele Farina SDB* Italy 24 September 1933
(age 90)		 CP 24 November 2007[lower-roman 16]
Benedict XVI		 Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [78]
65 Seán Brady* Ireland[lower-alpha 6] 16 August 1939
(age 84)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Armagh [79]
66 Lluís Martínez i Sistach* Spain 29 April 1937
(age 86)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [80]
67 André Vingt-Trois* France 7 November 1942
(age 81)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Paris [81]
68 Angelo Bagnasco* Italy 14 January 1943
(age 80)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Genoa [82]
69 Théodore-Adrien Sarr* Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 87)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Dakar [83]
70 Oswald Gracias India 24 December 1944
(age 79)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Bombay [84]
71 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 74)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Guadalajara [85]
72 Daniel DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 74)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Galveston–Houston [86]
73 Odilo Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 74)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of São Paulo [87]
74 John Njue Kenya 1944[lower-alpha 7]
(age 79–80)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi [88]
75 Estanislao Esteban Karlic* Argentina 7 February 1926
(age 97)		 CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Paraná [89]
76 Angelo Amato SDB* Italy 8 June 1938
(age 85)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [90]
77 Robert Sarah Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 78)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [91]
78 Francesco Monterisi* Italy 28 May 1934
(age 89)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [92]
79 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 75)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [93]
80 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 73)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity [94]
81 Mauro Piacenza Italy 15 September 1944
(age 79)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 Major Penitentiary [95]
82 Gianfranco Ravasi* Italy 18 October 1942
(age 81)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture [96]
83 Paolo Romeo* Italy 20 February 1938
(age 85)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [97]
84 Donald Wuerl* United States 12 November 1940
(age 83)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Washington [98]
85 Raymundo Damasceno Assis* Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 86)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida [99]
86 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 73)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Warsaw [100]
87 Malcolm Ranjith Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 76)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Colombo [101]
88 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 70)		 CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [102]
89 Walter Brandmüller* Germany 5 January 1929
(age 95)		 CP 20 November 2010[lower-roman 17]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences [103]
90 Manuel Monteiro de Castro* Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 85)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 Major Penitentiary emeritus [104]
91 Santos Abril y Castelló* Spain 21 September 1935
(age 88)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [105]
92 Antonio Maria Vegliò* Italy 3 February 1938
(age 85)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [106]
93 Giuseppe Bertello* Italy 1 October 1942
(age 81)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [107]
94 Francesco Coccopalmerio* Italy 6 March 1938
(age 85)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [108]
95 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 76)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [109]
96 Edwin Frederick O'Brien* United States 8 April 1939
(age 84)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [110]
97 Domenico Calcagno* Italy 3 February 1943
(age 80)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [111]
98 Giuseppe Versaldi* Italy 30 July 1943
(age 80)		 CP 18 February 2012[lower-roman 18]
Benedict XVI		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education [112]
99 George Alencherry India 19 April 1945
(age 78)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church)		 [113]
100 Thomas Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 76)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Toronto [114]
101 Dominik Duka OP* Czech Republic 26 April 1943
(age 80)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Prague [115]
102 Wim Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 70)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Utrecht [116]
103 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 76)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Florence [117]
104 Timothy M. Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 73)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of New York [118]
105 Rainer Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 67)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop of Cologne [119]
106 John Tong Hon* China
(Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]		 31 July 1939
(age 84)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [120]
107 Lucian Mureșan* Romania 23 May 1931
(age 92)		 CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI		 Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
(Romanian Greek Church)		 [121]
108 Baselios Cleemis India 15 June 1959
(age 64)		 CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI		 Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church)		 [122]
109 John Onaiyekan Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 79)		 CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Abuja [123]
110 Rubén Salazar Gómez* Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 81)		 CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [124]
111 Vincent Nichols United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 78)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop of Westminster [125]
112 Leopoldo Brenes Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 74)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop of Managua [126]
113 Gérald Lacroix ISPX Canada 27 July 1957
(age 66)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop of Quebec [127]
114 Jean-Pierre Kutwa Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 78)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop of Abidjan [128]
115 Orani João Tempesta OCist Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 73)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [129]
116 Gualtiero Bassetti* Italy 7 April 1942
(age 81)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve [130]
117 Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 76)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires [131]
118 Andrew Yeom Soo-jung* South Korea 5 December 1943
(age 80)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Seoul [132]
119 Ricardo Ezzati SDB* Chile[lower-alpha 8] 7 January 1942
(age 82)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [133]
120 Philippe Ouédraogo Burkina Faso 25 January 1945
(age 78)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou [134]
121 Orlando Quevedo OMI* Philippines 11 March 1939
(age 84)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato [135]
122 Chibly Langlois Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 65)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Bishop of Les Cayes [136]
123 Kelvin Edward Felix* Saint Lucia[lower-alpha 9] 15 February 1933
(age 90)		 CP 22 February 2014
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Castries [137]
124 Manuel Clemente Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 75)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon [138]
125 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 75)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Church)		 [139]
126 John Dew New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 75)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [140]
127 Edoardo Menichelli* Italy 14 October 1939
(age 84)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo [141]
128 Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* Vietnam 1 April 1938
(age 85)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi [142]
129 Alberto Suárez Inda* Mexico 30 January 1939
(age 84)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Morelia [143]
130 Charles Maung Bo SDB Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 75)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop of Yangon [144]
131 Kriengsak Kovitvanit Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 74)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop of Bangkok [145]
132 Francesco Montenegro Italy 22 May 1946
(age 77)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento [146]
133 Daniel Sturla SDB Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 64)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop of Montevideo [147]
134 Ricardo Blázquez* Spain 13 April 1942
(age 81)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid [148]
135 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR Panama[lower-alpha 10] 24 February 1944
(age 79)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Bishop of David [149]
136 Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 74)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde [150]
137 Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 62)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Bishop of Tonga [151]
138 Luis Héctor Villalba* Argentina 11 October 1934
(age 89)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán [152]
139 Júlio Duarte Langa* Mozambique 27 October 1927
(age 96)		 CP 14 February 2015
Francis		 Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai [153]
140 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 56)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Bangui [154]
141 Carlos Osoro Sierra Spain 16 May 1945
(age 78)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [155]
142 Sérgio da Rocha Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 64)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [156]
143 Blase J. Cupich United States 19 March 1949
(age 74)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Chicago [157]
144 Patrick D'Rozario CSC* Bangladesh 1 October 1943
(age 80)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka [158]
145 Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo Venezuela 10 October 1944
(age 79)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Caracas [159]
146 Jozef De Kesel Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 76)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels [160]
147 Maurice Piat CSSp* Mauritius 19 July 1941
(age 82)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis [161]
148 Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 74)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Mexico [162]
149 John Ribat MSC Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 66)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Port Moresby [163]
150 Joseph W. Tobin CSsR United States 3 May 1952
(age 71)		 CP 19 November 2016
Francis		 Archbishop of Newark [164]
151 Jean Zerbo* Mali 27 December 1943
(age 80)		 CP 28 June 2017
Francis		 Archbishop of Bamako [165]
152 Juan José Omella Spain 21 April 1946
(age 77)		 CP 28 June 2017
Francis		 Archbishop of Barcelona [166]
153 Anders Arborelius OCD Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 74)		 CP 28 June 2017
Francis		 Bishop of Stockholm [167]
154 Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD Laos 8 April 1944
(age 79)		 CP 28 June 2017
Francis		 Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane [168]
155 Gregorio Rosa Chávez* El Salvador 3 September 1942
(age 81)		 CP 28 June 2017
Francis		 Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador [169]
156 Angelo De Donatis Italy 4 January 1954
(age 70)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [170]
157 Joseph Coutts Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 78)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Karachi [171]
158 António Marto Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 76)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima [172]
159 Pedro Barreto SJ Peru 12 February 1944
(age 79)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Archbishop of Huancayo [173]
160 Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 69)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Archbishop of Toamasina [174]
161 Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy 19 August 1948
(age 75)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Archbishop of L'Aquila [175]
162 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan 3 March 1949
(age 74)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu [176]
163 Toribio Ticona Porco* Bolivia 25 April 1937
(age 86)		 CP 28 June 2018
Francis		 Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro [177]
164 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 73)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of Jakarta [178]
165 Juan García Rodríguez Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 75)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [179]
166 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 63)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of Kinshasa [180]
167 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 65)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of Luxembourg [181]
168 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 76)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Bishop of Huehuetenango [182]
169 Matteo Zuppi Italy 11 October 1955
(age 68)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of Bologna [183]
170 Cristóbal López Romero SDB Morocco[lower-alpha 11] 19 May 1952
(age 71)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop of Rabat [184]
171 Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* Lithuania 7 November 1938
(age 85)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas [185]
172 Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP* Angola[lower-alpha 12] 16 May 1939
(age 84)		 CP 5 October 2019
Francis		 Bishop emeritus of Benguela [186]
173 Antoine Kambanda Rwanda 10 November 1958
(age 65)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Archbishop of Kigali [187]
174 Wilton Daniel Gregory United States 7 December 1947
(age 76)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Archbishop of Washington [188]
175 Jose Advincula OP Philippines 30 March 1952
(age 71)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Archbishop of Manila [189]
176 Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap Chile[lower-alpha 13] 6 April 1945
(age 78)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [190]
177 Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy 1 July 1964
(age 59)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza [191]
178 Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* Mexico 1 May 1940
(age 83)		 CP 28 November 2020
Francis		 Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas [192]
179 Jean-Marc Aveline France 26 December 1958
(age 65)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Marseille [193]
180 Peter Okpaleke Nigeria 1 March 1963
(age 60)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Bishop of Ekwulobia [194]
181 Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM Brazil 6 November 1950
(age 73)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Manaus [195]
182 Filipe Neri Ferrão India 20 January 1953
(age 70)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies [196]
183 Robert W. McElroy United States 5 February 1954
(age 69)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Bishop of San Diego [197]
184 Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB East Timor 27 November 1967
(age 56)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Díli [198]
185 Oscar Cantoni Italy 1 September 1950
(age 73)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Bishop of Como [199]
186 Anthony Poola India 15 November 1961
(age 62)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Hyderabad [200]
187 Paulo Cezar Costa Brazil 20 July 1967
(age 56)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Brasília [201]
188 William Goh Singapore 25 June 1957
(age 66)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Singapore [202]
189 Adalberto Martínez Flores Paraguay 8 July 1951
(age 72)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop of Asunción [203]
190 Giorgio Marengo IMC Mongolia[lower-alpha 14] 7 June 1974
(age 49)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar [204]
191 Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM* Colombia 29 March 1942
(age 81)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena [205]
192 Arrigo Miglio* Italy 18 July 1942
(age 81)		 CP 27 August 2022
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari [206]
193 Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM Jerusalem[lower-alpha 15] 21 April 1965
(age 58)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [208]
194 Stephen Brislin South Africa 24 September 1956
(age 67)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Cape Town [209]
195 Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ Argentina 11 August 1958
(age 65)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Córdoba [210]
196 Luis José Rueda Aparicio Colombia 3 March 1962
(age 61)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Bogotá [211]
197 Grzegorz Ryś Poland 9 February 1964
(age 59)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Łódź [212]
198 Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla South Sudan 10 January 1964
(age 60)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Juba [213]
199 José Cobo Cano Spain 20 September 1965
(age 58)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Madrid [214]
200 Protase Rugambwa Tanzania 31 May 1960
(age 63)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop of Tabora [215]
201 Sebastian Francis Malaysia 11 November 1951
(age 72)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Bishop of Penang [216]
202 Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ China
(Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]		 7 August 1959
(age 64)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Bishop of Hong Kong [217]
203 François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv France[lower-alpha 16] 23 November 1968
(age 55)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Bishop of Ajaccio [218]
204 Américo Aguiar Portugal 12 December 1973
(age 50)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Bishop of Setúbal [219]
205 Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez* Venezuela 17 May 1939
(age 84)		 CP 30 September 2023
Francis		 Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná [220]
206 Renato Martino* Italy 23 November 1932
(age 91)		 CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II		 President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Justice and Peace and for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [221]
207 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 74)		 CD 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI		 Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [222]
208 Lorenzo Baldisseri* Italy 29 September 1940
(age 83)		 CD 22 February 2014
Francis		 Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops [223]
209 Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany 31 December 1947
(age 76)		 CD 22 February 2014
Francis		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [224]
210 Dominique Mamberti France 7 March 1952
(age 71)		 CD 14 February 2015
Francis		 Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [225]
211 Mario Zenari Italy 5 January 1946
(age 78)		 CD 19 November 2016
Francis		 Apostolic Nuncio to Syria [226]
212 Kevin Farrell United States[lower-alpha 17] 2 September 1947
(age 76)		 CD 19 November 2016
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [227]
213 Ernest Simoni* Albania 18 October 1928
(age 95)		 CD 19 November 2016
Francis		 Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[lower-alpha 18] [228]
214 Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ Spain 19 April 1944
(age 79)		 CD 28 June 2018
Francis		 Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [229]
215 Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[lower-alpha 19] Italy 2 June 1948
(age 75)		 CD 28 June 2018
Francis		 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [232]
216 Konrad Krajewski Poland 25 November 1963
(age 60)		 CD 28 June 2018
Francis		 Almoner of His Holiness [233]
217 Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* Spain 17 May 1938
(age 85)		 CD 28 June 2018
Francis		 Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [234]
218 Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ Spain 17 June 1952
(age 71)		 CD 5 October 2019
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue [235]
219 José Tolentino de Mendonça Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 58)		 CD 5 October 2019
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education [236]
220 Michael Czerny SJ Canada[lower-alpha 20] 18 July 1946
(age 77)		 CD 5 October 2019
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [237]
221 Michael Fitzgerald MAfr* United Kingdom 17 August 1937
(age 86)		 CD 5 October 2019
Francis		 Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt [238]
222 Mario Grech Malta 20 February 1957
(age 66)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [239]
223 Marcello Semeraro Italy 22 December 1947
(age 76)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints [240]
224 Mauro Gambetti OFMConv Italy 27 October 1965
(age 58)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [241]
225 Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* Italy 12 October 1940
(age 83)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [242]
226 Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* Italy 22 July 1934
(age 89)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Preacher of the Papal Household[lower-alpha 18] [243]
227 Enrico Feroci* Italy 27 August 1940
(age 83)		 CD 28 November 2020
Francis		 Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome [244]
228 Arthur Roche United Kingdom 6 March 1950
(age 73)		 CD 27 August 2022
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [245]
229 Lazarus You Heung-sik South Korea 17 November 1951
(age 72)		 CD 27 August 2022
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy [246]
230 Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC Spain 1 March 1945
(age 78)		 CD 27 August 2022
Francis		 President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [247]
231 Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ* Italy 5 July 1942
(age 81)		 CD 27 August 2022
Francis		 Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[lower-alpha 18] [248]
232 Fortunato Frezza* Italy 6 February 1942
(age 81)		 CD 27 August 2022
Francis		 Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter [249]
233 Robert Francis Prevost OSA United States 14 September 1955
(age 68)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops [250]
234 Claudio Gugerotti Italy 7 October 1955
(age 68)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [251]
235 Víctor Manuel Fernández Argentina 18 July 1962
(age 61)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [252]
236 Emil Paul Tscherrig Switzerland 3 February 1947
(age 76)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Apostolic Nuncio to Italy and San Marino [253]
237 Christophe Pierre France 30 January 1946
(age 77)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Apostolic Nuncio to the United States [254]
238 Ángel Fernández Artime SDB Spain 21 August 1960
(age 63)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Rector Major of the Salesians [255]
239 Agostino Marchetto* Italy 28 August 1940
(age 83)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [256]
240 Luis Pascual Dri OFMCap* Argentina 17 April 1927
(age 96)		 CD 30 September 2023
Francis		 Confessor at the Shrine of Our Lady of Pompei, Buenos Aires [257]

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

At present, 132 of 240 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority,[3][258] if all 132 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 88.

Cardinals by appointing Pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the College.

Pope All cardinals Cardinal electors
No. Name CB CP CD Total CB CP CD Total
264John Paul II
(1978–2005)		 539145 1708
265Benedict XVI
(2005–2013)		 459164 225128
266Francis
(2013–present)		 39533131 2732196
Total 1219335240 510522132

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western) 234128
Eastern Churches Chaldean Church 11
Ethiopian Church 11
Maronite Church 10
Romanian Greek Church 10
Syro-Malabar Church 11
Syro-Malankara Church 11
Total 64
Total 240132

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 59 cardinals, including 35 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 29 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CJM Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) 10
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists) 21
CMF Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians) 20
CS Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) 10
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 11
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans) 21
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 11
IMC Institute of Consolata Missionaries 11
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 10
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 11
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 11
LC Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ 11
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 10
MCCJ Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 11
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 11
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 11
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 11
OCist Order of Cistercians 11
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 32
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 53
OFMConv Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) 22
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 10
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 10
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 32
OSA Order of Saint Augustine (Augustinians) 11
PSDP Poor Servants of Divine Providence 10
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 11
SDB Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) 115
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 96
(none) Secular clergy 18297
Total 240132

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[259] Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2021 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).[260]

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2021)
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 2912.1% 1813.6% 19%
North America 3615.0% 2216.7% 21%
South America 2811.7% 1511.4% 27%
Asia 3313.8% 2216.7% 11%
Europe 11146.3% 5239.4% 21%
Oceania 31.3% 32.3% 1%
Total 240100.0% 132100.0% 100%

Cardinals by country

At present, 91 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 69 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-nine), the United States (seventeen), and Spain (fourteen). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (fourteen), the United States (eleven), and Spain (eight).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 10
Angola Africa 20
Argentina South America 73
Austria Europe 11
Bangladesh Asia 10
Belgium Europe 11
Bolivia South America 10
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 11
Brazil South America 76
Burkina Faso Africa 11
Canada North America 44
Cape Verde Africa 11
Central African Republic Africa 11
Chile South America 31
Colombia South America 41
Cuba North America 11
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 11
Croatia Europe 11
Czech Republic Europe 10
Dominican Republic North America 10
East Timor Asia 11
El Salvador North America 10
Ethiopia Africa 11
France Europe 86
Germany Europe 73
Ghana Africa 11
Guatemala North America 11
Guinea Africa 11
Haiti North America 11
Honduras North America 10
Hong Kong (China)[lower-alpha 5] Asia 31
Hungary Europe 11
India Asia 55
Indonesia Asia 21
Iraq Asia 11
Ireland Europe 10
Italy Europe 4914
Ivory Coast Africa 11
Japan Asia 11
Jerusalem[lower-alpha 15] Asia 11
Kenya Africa 11
South Korea Asia 21
Laos Asia 11
Latvia Europe 10
Lebanon Asia 10
Lithuania Europe 20
Luxembourg Europe 11
Madagascar Africa 11
Malaysia Asia 11
Mali Africa 10
Malta Europe 11
Mauritius Africa 10
Mexico North America 62
Mongolia Asia 11
Morocco Africa 11
Mozambique Africa 10
Myanmar Asia 11
Netherlands Europe 11
New Zealand Oceania 11
Nicaragua North America 11
Nigeria Africa 42
Pakistan Asia 11
Panama North America 11
Paraguay South America 11
Papua New Guinea Oceania 11
Peru South America 21
Philippines Asia 42
Poland Europe 54
Portugal Europe 64
Romania Europe 10
Rwanda Africa 11
Saint Lucia North America 10
Senegal Africa 10
Singapore Asia 11
Slovenia Europe 10
South Africa Africa 21
South Sudan Africa 11
Spain Europe 148
Sri Lanka Asia 11
Sudan Africa 10
Sweden Europe 11
Switzerland Europe 22
Tanzania Africa 22
Thailand Asia 21
Tonga Oceania 11
Uganda Africa 10
United Kingdom Europe 32
United States North America 1711
Uruguay South America 11
Venezuela South America 21
Vietnam Asia 20
Total 240132

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.[1][7][8]
  2. 1 2 3 Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  3. ↑ Schonborn was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Austria as a child, and has served there for over 50 years.
  4. ↑ Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
  6. ↑ Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
  7. ↑ Njue's precise date of birth is not known.
  8. ↑ Ezzati was born in Italy. He emmigrated to Chile, where he was ordained and where he has mostly served, as a young man.
  9. ↑ Felix was born in Dominica, part of the ecclesiastical province of Castries, which he led and which has its seat in St Lucia.
  10. ↑ Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain. He has served in Panama for over 50 years.
  11. ↑ Lopez was born in Spain. He has served in Morocco for 20 years
  12. ↑ Dal Corso was born in Italy. He served in Angola for over 30 years.
  13. ↑ Aós Braco was born in Spain. He served in Chile for 40 years.
  14. ↑ Marengo was born in Italy. He has served in Mongolia for over 20 years.
  15. 1 2 The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem in East Jerusalem, is multi-national, encompassing Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. The Holy See, in its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, lists "Jerusalem" as Pizzaballa's country[207]. He was born in Italy. He has served in the Custody of the Holy Land for over 25 years.
  16. ↑ Bustillo was born in Spain. He has served in France for 30 years.
  17. ↑ Farrell was born in Ireland. He served in the United States for over 30 years.
  18. 1 2 3 Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  19. ↑ Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020.[230][231]
  20. ↑ Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). . He moved to Canada as a child, and has served there and in the Roman Curia.
  1. ↑ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002[14]
  2. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  3. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
  4. ↑ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
  5. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
  6. 1 2 Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  7. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  8. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  9. ↑ Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  10. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
  11. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
  12. 1 2 Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
  13. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  14. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
  15. ↑ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The College of Cardinals General Documentazion". Holy See Press Office. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  2. ↑ Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Vatican Publishing House. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ↑ Boudinhon, Auguste (1913). "In Petto" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. ↑ "Ordinary Public Consistory for the Creation of 21 New Cardinals, 30.09.2023". Holy See Press Office. 30 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  6. ↑ "Rest in peace Cardinal Thomas Williams". Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  7. ↑ Pope Pius X (5 May 1914). Edita a Nobis (PDF) (Motu proprio). Acta Apostolicae Sedis (in Latin). Vol. VI. Rome: Vatican Publishing House. pp. 219–220. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2018 – via the Holy See.
  8. 1 2 "Cardinal Bishops". EWTN. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  9. ↑ "Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescriptum of the Holy Father Francis by which he has decided to co-opt into the Order of Bishops, equating them in all respects with the Cardinals holding the title of a suburbicarian Church, Cardinals Parolin, Sandri, Ouellet and Filoni". Holy See Press Office. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  10. ↑ "Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui ha deciso di cooptare nell'Ordine dei Vescovi, equiparandolo in tutto ai Cardinali insigniti del titolo di una Chiesa suburbicaria, l'Em.mo Cardinale Luis Antonio G. Tagle" [Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescript of the Holy Father Francis, by which he decides to co-opt into the Order of Bishops His Eminence Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, equating him in all respects to the Cardinals who have been awarded the title of a suburbicarian Church]. Holy See Press Office (in Italian). 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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  223. ↑ "Baldisseri Card. Lorenzo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  224. ↑ "Müller Card. Gerhard Ludwig". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
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  227. ↑ "Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
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  233. ↑ "Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
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  241. ↑ "Gambetti Card. Mauro, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
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  251. ↑ "Gugerotti Card. Claudio". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  252. ↑ "Fernández Card. Víctor Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  253. ↑ "Tscherrig Card. Emil Paul". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  254. ↑ "Pierre Card. Christophe Louis Yves Georges". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  255. ↑ "Fernández Artime Card. Ángel, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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  257. ↑ "Dri Card. Luis Pascual, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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