Louis III de Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon
Portrait by François de Troy
Prince of Condé
Tenure1 April 1709 - 4 March 1710
PredecessorHenri Jules, Prince of Condé
SuccessorLouis Henri I, Prince of Condé
Born(1668-11-10)10 November 1668
Hôtel de Condé, Paris, France
Died4 March 1710(1710-03-04) (aged 41)
Palace of Versailles, Île-de-France, France
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1685)​
Issue
Detail
HouseBourbon-Condé
FatherHenri Jules, Prince of Condé
MotherAnne Henriette of Bavaria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Louis III de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (10 November 1668 – 4 March 1710) was a prince du sang as a member of the reigning House of Bourbon at the French court of Louis XIV.[1] Styled as Duke of Bourbon from birth, he succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince of Condé (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃de]); however, he was still known by the ducal title. He was prince for less than a year.

Biography

Louis de Bourbon, duc de Bourbon, duc de Montmorency (1668–1689), duc d'Enghien (1689–1709), 6th Prince of Condé, comte de Sancerre (1709–1710), comte de Charolais (1709), was born at the Hôtel de Condé in Paris on 10 November 1668 and died at the Palace of Versailles on 4 March 1710. He was the eldest son of Henri Jules de Bourbon, Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria, and the grandson of le Grand Condé.[2]

One of nine children, he was his parents' eldest surviving son. His sister, Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, married François Louis, Prince of Conti in 1688. Another sister, Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, would marry Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, a legitimised son of Louis XIV, in 1692. His youngest sister, Marie Anne de Bourbon, much later married the famous general Louis Joseph de Bourbon.

He was made a Chevalier du Saint-Esprit in 1686, a colonel of the Bourbon-Infanterie Regiment later that same year, a maréchal de camp in 1690, and a lieutenant general in 1692. Upon the death of his father, he inherited all the Condé titles and estates.

Marriage

In 1685, Louis married Louise Françoise de Bourbon, known at court as Mademoiselle de Nantes, who was the eldest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan.[3] In an age where dynastic considerations played a major role, eyebrows at court were raised at a marriage between a full-blooded prince du sang and a royal bastard. The head of the House of Condé, le Grand Condé, however, acquiesced to the socially inferior match in the hope of gaining favour with the bride's father, Louis XIV.

The seventeen-year-old duc de Bourbon was known at court as Monsieur le Duc. After the marriage, his wife assumed the style of Madame la Duchesse. Like his father, who became Prince of Condé in 1687, Louis de Bourbon led a typical, unremarkable life. At a time when five-and-a-half feet was considered a normal height for a woman, Louis, while not quite a dwarf, was considered a short man. His sisters, in fact, were so tiny that they were referred to as "dolls of the Blood", or, less flatteringly, as "little black beetles" since many of them were dark in complexion and hunchbacked. While not suffering from this condition himself, Louis was macrocephalic. In addition, his skin tone was said to have a definite yellowish-orange tint to it. On the plus side, while no scholar, Louis was respectably well educated. Similarly, while certainly no fool, he was not burdened with too much intelligence for his time and station in life.

Prince of Condé

Arms of Louis as the Prince of Condé

Louis was prince de Condé for a little less than a year, as he died only eleven months after his father. Like his father, Louis was hopelessly insane, having slipped into madness several years before his actual death, "making horrible faces", as one historian noted. Louis died in 1710 at the age of 41.

Issue

  1. Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Bourbon (22 December 1690 - 30 August 1760); became a nun.[4]
  2. Louis Henri I, Prince of Condé (18 August 1692 - 27 January 1740); married Marie Anne de Bourbon and had no issue. He later married Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg and had issue.
  3. Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (22 November 1693 – 27 May 1775); married Louis Armand, Prince of Conti and had issue.
  4. Louise Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Charolais (23 June 1695 - 8 April 1758); died unmarried.
  5. Marie Anne de Bourbon (16 October 1697 - 11 August 1741); secretly married Louis de Melun, Duke of Joyeuse.
  6. Charles, Count of Charolais (19 June 1700 - 23 July 1760); secretly married Jeanne de Valois Saint Remy (descendant of Henri II of France) and had illegitimate issue.
  7. Henriette Louise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Vermandois (15 January 1703 - 19 September 1772); died unmarried.
  8. Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Sens (15 September 1705 - 15 April 1765); died unmarried.
  9. Louis, Count of Clermont (15 June 1709 - 16 June 1771); died unmarried.

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ "Louis III, 6e prince de Condé | French prince | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  2. ↑ Sternberg, Giora (June 2014). Status Interaction During the Reign of Louis XIV. OUP Oxford. pp. 177, 181. ISBN 978-0-19-964034-8.
  3. ↑ Townend, William (1858). The Descendants of the Stuarts. An Unchronicled Page in England's History. 2. Ed., with Add. na. p. 288.
  4. ↑ Prime, Temple (1903). Notes Relative to Certain Matters Connected with French History: On the Feudal Nobility, the Appanage and the Peerage; on the Surnames of Collateral Branches of the House of France.--Bourbon, as a Surname in the Royal House, Extinct in 1830; Account of Some Lines Founded by Princes of the Royal House; Account of Four Lines of Princes Descended Illegitimately from the Royal House; Account of the Branches of the House of Lorraine which Settled in France. De Vinne Press. pp. 87–88.

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