Loybas Hill, California
Unincorporated community
Loybas Hill is located in California
Loybas Hill
Loybas Hill
Loybas Hill is located in the United States
Loybas Hill
Loybas Hill
Coordinates: 39°54′29″N 122°05′35″W / 39.90806°N 122.09306°W / 39.90806; -122.09306
Country United States
State California
CountyTehama County
Elevation
60 m (197 ft)

Loybas Hill (formerly Squaw Hill) is an unincorporated community in Tehama County, in the U.S. state of California.[1] According to the Geographic Names Information System, the community is on the west side of the Sacramento River and 4.6 miles southeast of the city of Corning.[1]

History

Origins of name

According to local historian Marguerite Dietz, in the 19th century, riverboat captains called the area Squaw Hill because there were elderly Native American women ("squaws") who lived on the west bank of the Sacramento River and waved to them.[2][3]

The name Loybas Hill was proposed by the Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians, to honor past, present and future Native women from and living in the area. Loybas translates to "young lady."[4] The name was changed in 2023 after review by the Board on Geographic Names, part of the Department of the Interior, as part of a process to remove derogatory names from federal use.[5]

Ferry and landings

Squaw Hill Ferry on the Sacramento River (c. 1890)

One of the early settlers in the area was William C. Moon, a hunter from Tennessee who moved to California with the Workman-Rowland party in 1841.[6][7] A former "bear flagger", he squatted west of Rancho Bosquejo,[7] and built what was likely the first timber house in Tehama County two miles south of Squaw Hill between 1847 and 1849.[2] During the California Gold Rush, Moon operated a ferry across the Sacramento River, where a bridge was later built on the road between Vina and Corning.[7][6] The Moon House itself was a tavern serving prospectors and miners on their way to look for gold.[8]

In the 1880s, farmers stored wheat in a warehouse at Squaw Hill, to be loaded onto steamboats.[9][10] Many landings along the river were made of brush and tree prunings, upon which the boats would lay boards to load cargo.[2] Snags were a severe problem in the twelve-mile stretch between Squaw Hill and Tehama, and removing logs and other wood debris was costly for many steam companies.[11][10][12]

Bridge

The first Woodson Bridge at the Squaw Hill crossing opened on February 16, 1922, bringing an end to the local ferry service.[13][2][14] It was named after Warren N. Woodson, a businessman from Corning.[13] At the time, it was the first river crossing south of Tehama.[14] The bridge was rebuilt in 1974,[2] and dedicated in 1975.[15]

In 1932, The Sacramento Union reported that farmers of Tehama County had fenced off a park area next to the bridge for barbecues and picnics, and installed an old-fashioned water pump.[14] In the summer of 1934, Mrs. Leroy Martin of Squaw Hill circulated a petition to keep the area open as a park.[16] Over the next 40 years, residents of Squaw Hill, Vina, and Corning raised funds and volunteered to create Tehama County River Park on the eastern bank of the Sacramento River.[16][17]

School

Inside the first Moon School

In the late 1800s, residents of Squaw Hill built a schoolhouse on land donated by William McLane, at the corner of Hall Road and Loleta Avenue.[2][18] Known as the Moon School, it moved into a new two-room building in September 1906.[2][19][20]

By June 1953, the school's enrollment had dropped to 15 students, with only one teacher for eight grades.[19] The Moon school district was consolidated with Corning Union Elementary District during the following school year.[2]

Population

Based on 1990 census data, a United States Department of Agriculture report found that the population of Squaw Hill "block group" was 2,028.[21]

Agriculture

In the 1920s, the area had orchards of olive trees, peach trees, and prune trees.[22][23] Crops grown included alfalfa and corn.[23] Livestock included milking cows and sheep.[23] In 1932, ranchers in the area grew sorghum.[24]

In 1969, the Red Bluff Daily News reported that Pioneer Nursery had 5.5 acres of pistachio seedlings in the Squaw Hill area, when pistachios were considered an up-and-coming nut in California.[25]

Telephone company

In 1909, ranchers in the area formed the independent Squaw Hill Telephone Company to ensure that they could reach the fire department in Corning in the event of emergencies, and speak to their neighbors without having to drive.[26][27] There were 17 couples who originally formed the company, including Emil Staheli, treasurer, and his wife Helen.[28][27] For the first 44 years, there were 16 members on a single line.[26] One of the members was the Squaw Hill Ferry.[26]

The first line was made by placing 2 by 4s on fence posts, and hooking one end to the company line into Corning.[27] In 1953, company members voted to rebuild the line, creating two lines with eight parties on each.[26] The new lines used heavy wire and glass insulators, as well as cedar poles,[26] and hooked into the main telephone cable at the corner of the Moon schoolhouse.[27] Pole climbing and troubleshooting were performed by the local owners themselves.[26][27]

In 1969, company members reached an agreement with Pacific Telephone Company to take over their local phone service.[26] At the time, the Squaw Hill Telephone Company was one of the few remaining companies of its kind.[26] Over a 60-year period, 64 families had been members of the company.[26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Loybas Hill, California Retrieved November 4, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Smith, Josie (2016). Tehama County. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1540201430.
  3. ↑ "Corning News Notes". The Corning Daily Observer. November 12, 1976. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ↑ Montalvo, Melissa (January 19, 2023). "Federal government votes to rename Squaw Valley". The Fresno Bee (Sierra Star). Retrieved November 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ "Interior Department Completes Vote to Remove Derogatory Names from Five Locations". U.S. Department of the Interior. January 12, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
  6. 1 2 Hoover, Mildred Brooke (1948). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. p. 185. LCCN 48-6969.
  7. 1 2 3 Marschner, Janice (2001). California 1850: A Snapshot in Time. Sacramento: Coleman Ranch Press. p. 191. ISBN 9780976770695. LCCN 99-98054.
  8. ↑ "Golden date for Harold H. Merrills". The Corning Daily Observer. October 2, 1973. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "Coast News". The Marysville Appeal. April 7, 1881. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. 1 2 "Commercial". The Sacramento Union. January 11, 1881. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "About Removing the Snags". The Pacific Bee. July 3, 1880. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "River Improvements". The Sacramento Union. February 4, 1880. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. 1 2 "Bridge Opened – New Woodson Span Over Sacramento River East of Corning Placed in Service". Sacramento Bee. February 16, 1922. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. 1 2 3 MacArthur, Henry C. (July 2, 1932). "Lore of River Towns Revived By Capt. Mac". The Sacramento Union. p. 7. Retrieved November 3, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Wetter dedicates new Woodson Bridge". The Corning Daily Observer. September 18, 1975. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. 1 2 "Many worked for river park". The Corning Daily Observer. August 13, 1974. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ "Tehama County River Park at Woodson Bridge". Tehama County. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
  18. ↑ "The People's Cause". Tehama County Daily Republican. February 9, 1895. p. 2. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. 1 2 "Moon District Will Ask to Join With Corning Elementary". The Corning Daily Observer. June 9, 1953. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ "Observations". The Corning Daily Observer. September 1906. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ Donoghoe, Ellen M. (April 2003). "Delimiting Communities in the Pacific Northwest" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Squaw Hill Notes". Red Bluff Daily News. March 16, 1927. Retrieved November 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. 1 2 3 "Tehama Directors Report Conditions". The Sacramento Bee. October 4, 1924. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Sorghum Growing Proving Profitable Crop in Tehama". The Sacramento Bee. July 23, 1932. Retrieved November 3, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ Kerkhoff, Jim (March 29, 1969). "Pistachio An Up And Coming Nut In California". Red Bluff Daily News. Retrieved November 2, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Squaw Hill Telephone Company Bows Out; Pacific Takes Over". Red Bluff Daily News. March 21, 1969. p. 8. Retrieved November 2, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 Martin, Mrs. Leroy (January 24, 1957). "Squaw Hill Phone Company Lines Fixed by Owners". Corning Daily Observer. p. 1. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "Hello, Hello". Corning Daily Observer. January 24, 1957. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.

Further reading

  • Hislop, Donald L. and Hughes, Benjamin M. (2007). Tehama County Place Names. Red Bluff, California.
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