Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG
TypePrivate, family-owned
IndustryAmusement park
Founded1780 (1780)
FounderPaul Mack
HeadquartersWaldkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsRoller coasters, water rides and other amusement rides
OwnerMack family
SubsidiariesEuropa-Park
Websitewww.mack-rides.com

Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG,[1] also known simply as Mack Rides, is a German company that designs and constructs amusement rides, based in Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg. It is one of the world's oldest amusement industry suppliers, and builds many types of rides, including flat rides, dark rides, log flumes, tow boat rides and roller coasters.[2] The family that owns Mack Rides also owns Europa-Park.[3]

History

1780s–1950s

Mack Rides traces its roots back to 1780 when Paul Mack, a young entrepreneur, started building carriages and stagecoaches. The Mack Company began building organ wagons and caravans for travelling showmen in 1880, commencing the company's involvement in the amusement industry. Its first wooden roller coaster was built in 1921, the first car ride in 1936, and the first wooden bobsled ride in 1951. By 1952 Mack Rides started increasing its exports of rides to the U.S. market.[2]

1950s–present

Franz Mack

Europa-Park is run by the Mack family. Franz Mack (19212010) in 1958 took over the family firm, Mack GmbH & Co (now Mack Rides), together with his brothers. With his son Roland (b. 1949), he visited the United States in 1972 and was inspired to open a theme park in Germany, as an exhibition site for his company's products.

At first the park was to be located in Breisach. It was named "Europa-Park" after Breisach's nearby Europaweiher, a small artificial lake that commemorates a historical pilot poll in Breisach held in 1950, in which 95.6% of voters were in favour of European unification. The Breisach site was deemed unsuitable because of flooding hazard, and the project was moved 30 km north, where the Macks bought the park of the historical Balthasar castle in Rust.

Europa-Park opened in 1975 with an area of 16 hectares. It had 250,000 visitors in its first year, 700,000 in the second, then passed one million in 1978.

List of roller coasters


As of February 2022, Mack Rides has built 156 roller coasters around the world.[4]

NameModelParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
Run A Way Mine TrainPowered CoasterGold Reef CitySouth Africa South AfricaUnknownOperating[5]
TurmbahnUnknownTivoli GardensDenmark Denmark1938Removed[6]
MeteorUnknownSportland Pier
Freedom Land USA
Sportland Pier
United States United States1966
1963 to 1965
1960 to 1961
Removed[7]
[8]
[9]
Apache WhirlwindPowered CoasterFrontier Village Amusement ParkUnited States United States1976Removed[10]
Wizard's Cavern
Formerly Love Bugs
Formerly Broadway Trip
UnknownCasino Pier
Canadian National Exhibition
Palisades Amusement Park
Cedar Point
Fun Forest Amusement Park
United States United States1979
1972 to 1978
1966 to 1971
1964 to 1965
1962 to 1962
Removed[11]
[12]
[13] & [14]
[15]
[16]
Blauer EnzianPowered CoasterGröna LundSweden Sweden1980Removed[17]
TokaidoPowered CoasterAnkara Luna ParkTurkey Turkey1980Operating[18]
Thunder Run
Formerly Blauer Enzian
Powered CoasterCanada's WonderlandCanada Canada1981Operating[19]
Flying Fish
Formerly Space Station Zero
Powered CoasterThorpe ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1983Operating[20] & [21]
Alpenexpress Enzian
Formerly Grottenblitz
Powered CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1984Removed[22]
Schweizer BobbahnBobsledEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1985Operating[23]
GrottenblitzPowered CoasterHeide ParkGermany Germany1985Operating[24]
OdinexpressenPowered CoasterTivoli GardensDenmark Denmark1985Removed[25]
Little EagleUnknownBroadway Grand Prix
Myrtle Beach Pavilion
United States United StatesUnknown
1986 to 2006
Removed[26]
[27]
Scorpion Express
Formerly Runaway Train
Powered CoasterChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1987Closed[28]
Gruvbanan
Formerly Berg-o-dal-banan
Powered CoasterSkara SommarlandSweden Sweden1987Operating[29]
Reptilian
Formerly Avalanche
BobsledKings DominionUnited States United States1988Operating[30]
Electro
Formerly Capitale Express
UnknownMéga ParcCanada Canada1988Operating[31]
AvalancheBobsledBlackpool Pleasure BeachUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1988Operating[32]
Eurosat - CanCan Coaster
Formerly Eurosat
Gravity CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1989Operating[33]
Blauer EnzianPowered CoasterFreizeit-Land GeiselwindGermany Germany1989Operating[34]
Idän PikajunaPowered CoasterTykkimäkiFinland Finland1989Operating[35]
Pikajuna
Formerly City Express
Powered CoasterLinnanmäkiFinland Finland1990Operating[36]
Munich AutobahnBobsledKobe PortopialandJapan Japan1991Removed[37]
Rexplorer
Formerly Explorer
Powered CoasterMirabilandiaItaly Italy1992Operating[38]
Runaway Mine TrainPowered CoasterAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1992Operating[39]
Gold Mine TrainPowered CoasterNiglolandFrance France1992Operating[40]
Spreeblitz
Formerly Le Dragon des Sortilèges
Powered CoasterSpreepark
Mirapolis
Germany Germany1992Closed[41]
[42]
Kansas City-Express
Formerly Blauer Enzian
Powered CoasterFränkisches Wunderland
Movie Park Germany
Tivoli Karolinelund
Germany Germany1993
1987 to 1991
Unknown
Removed[43]
[44]
[45]
Bobbahn
Formerly Schweizer Bobbahn
BobsledHeide ParkGermany Germany1994Operating[46]
Gran MontserratUnknownParque Espana-Shima Spain VillageJapan Japan1994Operating[47]
Wild MouseWilde MausNagashima Spa LandJapan Japan1996Operating[48] & [49]
Wild MouseWilde MausMagic LandEgypt Egypt1996Removed[50]
Runaway TrainPowered CoasterElitch GardensUnited States United States1996Removed[51]
Euro-MirSpinning CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1997Operating[52]
DragenPowered CoasterLegoland BillundDenmark Denmark1997Operating[53]
Blauer EnzianPowered CoasterToshimaenJapan Japan1997Removed[54]
GletscherblitzPowered CoasterSteinwasen ParkGermany Germany1998Operating[55]
Journey to AtlantisWater CoasterSeaWorld OrlandoUnited States United States1998Operating[56]
Speedy BobWilde MausBobbejaanlandBelgium Belgium1998Operating[57] & [58]
TaunusblitzWilde MausTaunus WunderlandGermany Germany1999Operating[59]
Matterhorn BlitzWilde MausEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1999Operating[60]
The FlyWilde MausCanada's WonderlandCanada Canada1999Operating[61]
Wild MouseWilde MausHersheyparkUnited States United States1999Operating[62]
Ghost Chasers
Formerly Mad Manor
Formerly Tom and Jerry's Mouse in the House
Wilde MausMovie Park GermanyGermany Germany2000Operating[63]
Spatiale ExpérienceGravity CoasterNiglolandFrance France1998Operating[64]
Water Rollercoaster PoseidonWater CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2000Operating[65]
Bob ExpressPowered CoasterBobbejaanlandBelgium Belgium2000Operating[66]
Goofy's Sky School
Formerly Mulholland Madness
Wilde MausDisney California AdventureUnited States United States2001Operating[67]
Trace Du HourraBobsledParc AstérixFrance France2001Operating[68]
Technic CoasterWilde MausLegoland CaliforniaUnited States United States2001Operating[69]
Das Große LEGO Rennen
Formerly Project X - Test Strecke
Wilde MausLegoland DeutschlandGermany Germany2002Operating[70]
RicochetWilde MausCarowindsUnited States United States2002Operating[71]
Apple Zapple
Formerly Ricochet
Wilde MausKings DominionUnited States United States2002Operating[72]
X-treme RacersWilde MausLegoland BillundDenmark Denmark2002Operating[73]
Scooby-Doo Spooky CoasterWilde MausWarner Bros. Movie WorldAustralia Australia2002Closed[74]
SuperSplashSuperSplashTusenFrydNorway Norway2003Operating[75]
Galaxie ExpressPowered CoasterSpace CenterGermany Germany2003Removed[76]
Sand Serpent
Formerly Cheetah Chase
Formerly Wild Maus
Formerly Izzy
Wilde MausBusch Gardens Tampa
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
United States United States2004
1996 to 2003
Removed[77]
[78]
DraakPowered CoasterPlopsalandBelgium Belgium2004Operating[79]
TulirekiE-Motion CoasterLinnanmäkiFinland Finland2004Operating[80]
Journey to AtlantisWater CoasterSeaWorld San DiegoUnited States United States2004Operating[81]
Atlantica SuperSplashSuperSplashEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2005Operating[82]
Dynamite ExpressPowered CoasterDrievlietNetherlands Netherlands2005Operating[83]
Reaper, Drop ride to doom!E-Motion CoasterAmsterdam DungeonNetherlands Netherlands2005Removed[84]
Montanha RussaWater CoasterAquashow Family ParkPortugal Portugal2006Operating[85]
Pegasus - The YoungStar CoasterYoungSTAR CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2006Operating[86]
Expreso MineroPowered CoasterParque Plaza SesamoMexico Mexico2006Operating[87]
Schlitt'ExpressWilde MausNiglolandFrance France2007Operating[88]
Journey to AtlantisSuperSplashSeaWorld San AntonioUnited States United States2007Operating[89]
Sierra SidewinderSpinning CoasterKnott's Berry FarmUnited States United States2007Operating[90]
Armada Invencible
Formerly Caribbean Splash
SuperSplashFormosan Aboriginal Culture VillageTaiwan Taiwan2008Operating[91]
GötterblitzYoungSTAR CoasterFamilyparkAustria Austria2008Operating[92]
The Dark KnightWilde MausSix Flags Great AdventureUnited States United States2008Operating[93]
The Dark KnightWilde MausSix Flags Great AmericaUnited States United States2008Operating[94]
The Dark KnightWilde MausSix Flags Mexico
Six Flags New England
Mexico Mexico2009
2008
Operating[95]
[96]
Eurospeed
Formerly Rothaarblitz
Powered CoasterEuropark
Panorama Park
France France2009
1982 to 2007
Operating[97]
[98]
blue fire Megacoaster powered by GAZPROMLaunch CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2009Operating[99]
Vértigo
Formerly Speedy Bob
Wilde MausParque de Atracciones de Madrid
Bobbejaanland
Spain Spain2009
1998 to 2008
Operating[100]
[57]
Correcaminos Bip, BipYoungSTAR CoasterParque Warner MadridSpain Spain2009Operating[101]
Young Star CoasterYoungSTAR CoasterChimelong ParadiseChina China2010Operating[102]
Space Fantasy - The Ride
Formerly Kyary Pamyu Pamyu XR Ride
Spinning CoasterUniversal Studios JapanJapan Japan2010Operating[103]
TwistSpinning CoasterLe PalFrance France2011Operating[104]
Wilde Maus
Formerly Zig Zag
Wilde MausFreizeit-Land Geiselwind
Sommerland Syd
Attractiepark Toverland
Walygator Parc
Germany Germany2011
2010
2004
2003
Removed[105]
[106]
[107]
[108]
SkatteøenWater CoasterDjurs SommerlandDenmark Denmark2011Operating[109]
Tiger Express
Formerly Flying Dutchman Gold Mine
Wilde MausLa Mer de Sable
Walibi Holland
France France2011
2000 to 2010
Operating[110]
[111]
Great Lego Race
Formerly Project X
Formerly Jungle Coaster
Wilde MausLegoland Florida
Legoland Windsor
United States United States2011
2004 to 2009
Operating[112]
[113]
Vilde MusWilde MausBakkenDenmark Denmark2012Operating[114]
MantaLaunch CoasterSeaWorld San DiegoUnited States United States2012Operating[115]
Arctic BlastPowered CoasterOcean Park Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong2012Operating[116]
Great Lego Race
Formerly Project X
Wilde MausLegoland MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia2012Operating[117]
Dwervelwind
Formerly d'wervelwind
Spinning CoasterAttractiepark ToverlandNetherlands Netherlands2012Operating[118]
StormMega CoasterEtnalandItaly Italy2013Operating[119]
Coast RiderWilde MausKnott's Berry FarmUnited States United States2013Operating[120]
Storm CoasterWater CoasterSea WorldAustralia Australia2013Operating[121]
DragonLaunch CoasterSochi Park AdventurelandRussia Russia2014Operating[122]
SharoletWilde MausSochi Park AdventurelandRussia Russia2014Operating[123]
Wild MouseWilde MausAntibes Land
Walygator Parc
Expoland
France France2014
2008 to 2013
1996 to 2007
Operating[124]
[125]
[126]
Walrus SplashSuperSplashChimelong Ocean KingdomChina China2014Operating[127]
Polar ExplorerWater CoasterChimelong Ocean KingdomChina China2014Operating[128]
Alpina BlitzMega CoasterNiglolandFrance France2014Operating[129]
HelixLaunch CoasterLisebergSweden Sweden2014Operating[130]
Battle of Blue FireLaunch CoasterQuancheng Euro ParkChina China2014Operating[131]
ARTHURInverted Powered CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2014Operating[132]
Velikoluksky MiasokombinatLaunch CoasterWonder IslandRussia Russia2015Operating[133]
TurbulenceSpinning CoasterAdventurelandUnited States United States2015Operating[134]
MiniwahPowered CoasterFreizeitpark PlohnGermany Germany2015Operating[135]
Flash
Formerly Lightning
Hyper CoasterLewa AdventureChina China2016Operating[136]
Lost GravityBigDipperWalibi HollandNetherlands Netherlands2016Operating[137]
Flight of the HippogriffYoungSTAR CoasterUniversal Studios HollywoodUnited States United States2016Operating[138]
Dragon ExpressSpinning CoasterOriental NeverlandChina China2016Operating[139]
PulsarPowerSplashWalibi BelgiumBelgium Belgium2016Operating[140]
Cobra's CurseSpinning CoasterBusch Gardens TampaUnited States United States2016Operating[141]
Ba-a-a-ExpressChildren's Roller CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2016Operating[142]
Spider-Man: Doc Ock's RevengeSpinning CoasterIMG Worlds of AdventureUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates2016Operating[143]
VelociraptorLaunch CoasterIMG Worlds of AdventureUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates2016Operating[144]
Capitol Bullet TrainLaunch CoasterMotiongate DubaiUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates2017Operating[145]
Dragon GlidersInverted Powered CoasterMotiongate DubaiUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates2017Operating[146]
Star Trek: Operation EnterpriseLaunch CoasterMovie Park GermanyGermany Germany2017Operating[147]
DC Rivals HyperCoasterHyper CoasterWarner Bros. Movie WorldAustralia Australia2017Operating[148]
Dancing OscarSpinning CoasterShinhwa Theme ParkSouth Korea South Korea2017Operating[149]
Slinky Dog DashLaunch CoasterDisney's Hollywood StudiosUnited States United States2018Operating[150]
IconLaunch CoasterBlackpool Pleasure BeachUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2018Operating[151]
Time TravelerXtreme Spinning CoasterSilver Dollar CityUnited States United States2018Operating[152]
Hyper CoasterHyper CoasterLand of Legends Theme ParkTurkey Turkey2018Operating[153]
Launch CoasterLaunch CoasterColourful Yunnan Happy WorldChina China2018Operating[154]
Tiger Leaping GorgeSuperSplashColourful Yunnan Happy WorldChina China2018Operating[155]
Kraken's RevengeWater CoasterDesaru Coast Adventure WaterparkMalaysia Malaysia2018Operating[156]
Power SplashPowerSplashHappy Valley ShenzhenChina China2019Operating[157]
DynamiteBigDipperFreizeitpark PlohnGermany Germany2019Operating[158]
Copperhead StrikeLaunch CoasterCarowindsUnited States United States2019Operating[159]
Steam RacersLaunch CoasterWuxi Sunac LandChina China2019Operating[160]
Gods of Egypt - Battle for EternityPowered CoasterLionsgate Entertainment WorldChina China2019Operating[161]
MælkevejenPowered CoasterTivoli GardensDenmark Denmark2019Operating[162]
Max & MoritzPowered CoasterEftelingNetherlands Netherlands2020Operating[163]
DUPLO Dino CoasterChildren's Roller CoasterLegoland Windsor ResortUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2020Operating[164]
Storm ChaserSpinning CoasterPaultons ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2021Operating[165]
Twin SpinSpinning CoasterEnchanted KingdomPhilippines Philippines2021Operating[166]
Krampus ExpéditionWater CoasterNiglolandFrance France2021Operating[167]
The Ride to HappinessXtreme Spinning CoasterPlopsalandBelgium Belgium2021Operating[168]
Blu PowerPowerSplashTetysblu Theme ParkKazakhstan Kazakhstan2021Operating[169]
Rockin' BluSpinning CoasterTetysblu Theme ParkKazakhstan Kazakhstan2021Operating[170]
Flight of the HippogriffYoungSTAR CoasterUniversal Studios BeijingChina China2021Operating[171]
Jurassic FlyersInverted Powered CoasterUniversal Studios BeijingChina China2021Operating[172]
Steel TaipanLaunch CoasterDreamworldAustralia Australia2021Operating[173]
Blue FireLaunch CoasterXuzhou ParadiseChina China2021Operating[174]
Giant DiggerLaunch CoasterLotte's Magic ForestSouth Korea South Korea2022Operating[175]
Giant SplashPowerSplashLotte's Magic ForestSouth Korea South Korea2022Operating[176]
T-Rex Family CoasterPowered CoasterDjurs SommerlandDenmark Denmark2022Operating[177]
CarraraPowered CoasterMandoriaPoland Poland2022Operating[178]
Beyond the CloudLaunch CoasterSuzhou Amusement Land Forest WorldChina China2022Operating[179]
Aquaman: Power WavePowerSplashSix Flags Over TexasUnited States United States2023Operating[180]
UnknownWater CoasterHappy Valley Xi'anChina China2023Under construction[181]
UnknownBigDipperSun World Bà Nà HillsVietnam Vietnam2023Under construction[182]
HyperiaHyper CoasterThorpe Park ResortUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2024Under construction[183]
Voltron NeveraStryker CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2024Under construction[184]
UnknownPowered CoasterEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2024Under construction[185]
Fjord ExplorerWater CoasterLe PalFrance France2024Under construction[186]
UnknownRacing Launch CoasterUniversal Epic UniverseUnited States United States2025Under construction[187]
UnknownUnknownUniversal Epic UniverseUnited States United States2025Under construction
UnknownStryker CoasterFantasianaAustria Austria2025Under construction[188]
Saw Mill FallsWater CoasterSix Flags QiddiyaSaudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaTBDUnder construction[189]
UnknownPowerSplashSunac Cultural Tourism CityChina China2024Under construction[190]
UnknownHyper CoasterSunac Cultural Tourism CityChina China2024Under construction[191]
UnknownPowerSplashBollywood Parks DubaiUnited Arab Emirates UAEUnknownIn storage[192]
UnknownHyper CoasterBollywood Parks DubaiUnited Arab Emirates UAEUnknownIn storage[193]

List of other attractions

NameModelParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
Blanche-Neige et les Sept Nains Dark Ride Disneyland ParkFrance France1992Operating
Whale Adventures – Northern LightsInteractive Boat RideEuropa-ParkGermany Germany2010Operating
Tiroler Log FlumeLog FlumeEuropa-ParkGermany Germany1978Operating
Pirate AdventureFree-Flow Boat RideDrayton Manor Theme ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1990Closed
Atlantis Submarine VoyageSubmarine Dark RideLegoland WindsorUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2011Operating
Around the World in 80 DaysDark RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1981Removed
Battle GalleonsInteractive Boat RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2008Operating
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: The RideDark RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2006Removed
Duel - The Haunted House Strikes Back!Dark RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2003Removed
Marauder's MayhemTea CupsAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1986Operating
In the Night Garden Magical Boat RideFree-Flow Boat RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2014Operating
The FlumeLog FlumeAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1981Removed
Battle BoatsInteractive Boat RideSea WorldAustralia Australia2010Operating[194]
Loggers LeapLog FlumeThorpe ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1989Removed
Rocky ExpressSea Storm RideThorpe ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1989Closed
River BattleInteractive Boat RideDollywoodUnited States United States2008Removed[195]
Tiger RockLog FlumeChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1987Operating[196]
Safari SkywayMonorailChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1986Removed
SeastormSea Storm RideChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1995Operating
Sea DragonsSpinning Boat RideChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2004Operating
Tomb BlasterInteractive Dark RideChessington World of AdventuresUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2002Operating
Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw FallsLog FlumeUniversal's Islands of AdventureUnited States United States1999Operating[197]
Storm Force AccelatronTea CupsUniversal's Islands of AdventureUnited States United States2000Operating[198]
Cannonball ExpressMusik ExpressGreat EscapeUnited States United States1974Operating
Musik ExpressSuperbob/Musik ExpressLagoonUnited States United States1982Operating
Aqua TwistTwist 'n' SplashLa RondeCanada Canada2013Operating[199]
Flash: Speed ForceMusic ExpressSix Flags Magic MountainUnited States United States2014Operating
The PenguinTwist 'n' SplashSix Flags Discovery KingdomUnited States United States2014Operating
Tsunami SoakerTwist 'n' SplashSix Flags St. LouisUnited States United States2014Operating
Buccaneer BattleInteractive Boat RideSix Flags Great AmericaUnited States United States2009Operating
Expreso MusicalMusic ExpressSix Flags MéxicoMexico MexicoUnknownOperating
Carnaval FestivalDark RideEftelingNetherlands Netherlands1984Operating
Monsieur CannibaleTea CupsEftelingNetherlands Netherlands1988Closed
SiroccoTea CupsEftelingNetherlands Netherlands2022Operating
De Oude Tufferbaan Tracked RideEftelingNetherlands Netherlands1984Operating
Expedition NautilusTwist 'n' SplashAttractiepark SlagharenNetherlands Netherlands2013Operating
Wild West AdventureFree-Flow Boat RideAttractiepark SlagharenNetherlands Netherlands2001Operating
Wild WatervalLog FlumeAvonturenpark HellendoornNetherlands Netherlands1982Operating
BackstrokeLog FlumeAttractiepark ToverlandNetherlands Netherlands2004Operating
Crazy RiverLog FlumeWalibi HollandNetherlands Netherlands1994Operating
Rimbula RiverFree-Flow Boat RideWildlands Adventure Zoo EmmenNetherlands Netherlands2016Operating
KoffietassenTea CupsBellewaerdeBelgium Belgium1989Operating
De BoomstammetjesLog FlumePlopsalandBelgium Belgium1989Operating
KoffiekopjesTea CupsPlopsalandBelgium Belgium2003Operating
Kaatje zoekt EendjeTow Boat RidePlopsalandBelgium Belgium2001Operating
Storm op ZeeSea Storm RidePlopsalandBelgium Belgium2001Operating
De TractorsUnknownPlopsalandBelgium Belgium2002Operating
Wickie The BattleInteractive Boat RidePlopsalandBelgium Belgium2013Operating
Flash BackLog FlumeWalibi BelgiumBelgium Belgium1995Operating
AngkorInteractive Boat RidePortAventura ParkSpain Spain2014Operating
Alligator BaieInteractive Boat RideLe PalFrance France2014Operating
The Quest for ChiInteractive Boat RideLegoland FloridaUnited States United StatesUnknownOperating
Käpt'n Nicks PiratenschlachtInteractive Boat RideLegoland DeutschlandGermany Germany2007Operating
Pirate Splash BattleInteractive Boat RideLegoland BillundDenmark DenmarkUnknownOperating
Tom & Huck's River BlastInteractive Boat RideSilver Dollar CityUnited States United States2010Operating
ToPiLauLa-SchlachtInteractive Boat RideHeide ParkGermany Germany2010Operating
The Pirate RevengeTwist 'n' SplashFantasilandiaChile Chile2014Operating
SpongeBob's Splash BashTwist 'n' SplashBlackpool Pleasure BeachUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2011Operating
Battle of the PiratesTwist 'n' SplashChimelong Ocean KingdomChina ChinaUnknownOperating
Pirates AttackInteractive Boat RideFraispertuis CityFrance France2011Operating
Wasserschlacht im Reich des T-RexInteractive Boat RideRasti-LandGermany Germany2007Operating
Storm in a TeacupTea CupsThorpe ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1986Operating
Alton Towers DungeonDark RideAlton TowersUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2019Operating
Grampy Rabbit's Sailing ClubSpinning Boat RidePaultons ParkUnited Kingdom United Kingdom2018Operating
Snoopy's Junction Train Ride Kings Island United States United States 1982 Operating
Abenteuer Atlantis Interactive Dark Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 2007Operating
Geisterschloss Dark Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1982Operating
Madame Freudenreichs Curiosités Dark Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1994Operating
Piccolo Mondo Dark Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1982Operating
Schlittenfahrt Schneeflöckchen Dark Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1998Operating
Der fliegende Holländer Spinning Boat Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1982Operating
Feria Swing Matterhorn Europa-Park Germany Germany 1994Operating
Jungfrau-Gletscherflieger Polyp Europa-Park Germany Germany 1989Operating
Koffiekopjes Tea Cups Europa-Park Germany Germany 1985Operating
Roter Baron Spinning Plane Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1980Operating
Sheep Rock Spinning Boat Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 2016Operating
Spinning Dragons Spinning Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 2016Operating
Jim Knopf - Reise durch Lummerland Tracked Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1977Operating
Lada-Autodrom Tracked Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1987Operating
Silverstone-Piste Tracked Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1975Operating
Wichtelhausen Tracked Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1975Operating
Jolly Buccaneer Spinning Boat Ride Drayton Manor Theme Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1992Operating
Elfenfahrt Free-Flow Boat Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1979Operating
Euro-Tower Observation Tower Europa-Park Germany Germany 1983Operating
Phantom Fantasia Dark Ride Thorpe Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1983Removed
The Backyardians' Pirate Treasure Spinning Boat Ride Blackpool Pleasure Beach United Kingdom United Kingdom 1999Operating
Marionetten-Bootsfahrt Free-Flow Boat Ride Europa-Park Germany Germany 1992Operating
Tales Of The Coast Free-Flow Boat Ride Pleasurewood Hills United Kingdom United Kingdom 1983Removed
Fisketuren Spinning Boat Ride Liseberg Sweden Sweden 1988Operating
Kaffekoppen Tea Cups Liseberg Sweden Sweden 1985Operating
Kaninresan Free-Flow Boat Ride Liseberg Sweden Sweden 2001Operating
Den Flyvende Kuffert Dark Ride Tivoli Gardens Denmark Denmark 1993Operating
Minen Free-Flow Boat Ride Tivoli Gardens Denmark Denmark 2003Operating
Tekopparna Tea Cups Gröna Lund Sweden Sweden 2008Operating
Kahvikuppikaruselli Tea Cups Linnanmäki Finland Finland 2002Operating
Floßfahrt Tow Boat Ride Heide Park Germany Germany 1978Operating
Käpt'ns Törn Free-Flow Boat Ride Heide Park Germany Germany 1997Operating
Wildwasserbahn Log Flume Heide Park Germany Germany 1980Operating
Oldtimer Tracked Ride Heide Park Germany Germany 1978Operating
Koggenfahrt Spinning Boat Ride Heide Park Germany Germany 1982Removed
Sea Storm SeaStorm Fantasy Island United Kingdom United Kingdom 2017Operating

References

  1. "Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG". Mack Rides. October 11, 2004. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Europa-Park Special". Rust, Germany: Mack International. 2012: 36. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. MacDonald, Brady (24 January 2012). "Wing-dipping Manta coaster coming to SeaWorld San Diego in May". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  4. Mack Rides - rcdb.com
  5. Marden, Duane. "Run A Way Mine Train  (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  6. Marden, Duane. "Turmbahn  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  7. Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  8. Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Freedom Land USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  9. Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  10. Marden, Duane. "Apache Whirlwind  (Frontier Village Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  11. Marden, Duane. "Wizard's Cavern  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  12. Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  13. Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  14. Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  15. Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  16. Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Fun Forest Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  17. Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  18. Marden, Duane. "Tokaido  (Ankara Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  19. Marden, Duane. "Thunder Run  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  20. Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  21. Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  22. Marden, Duane. "Alpenexpress Enzian  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  23. Marden, Duane. "Schweizer Bobbahn  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  24. Marden, Duane. "Grottenblitz  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  25. Marden, Duane. "Odinexpressen  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  26. Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Broadway Grand Prix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  27. Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Myrtle Beach Pavilion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  28. Marden, Duane. "Scorpion Express  (Chessington World of Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  29. Marden, Duane. "Gruvbanan  (Skara Sommarland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  30. Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  31. Marden, Duane. "Electro  (Méga Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  32. Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  33. Marden, Duane. "Eurosat - CanCan Coaster  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  34. Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  35. Marden, Duane. "Idän Pikajuna  (Tykkimäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  36. Marden, Duane. "Pikajuna  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  37. Marden, Duane. "Munich Autobahn  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  38. Marden, Duane. "Rexplorer  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  39. Marden, Duane. "Runaway Mine Train  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  40. Marden, Duane. "Gold Mine Train  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  41. Marden, Duane. "Spreeblitz  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  42. Marden, Duane. "Le Dragon des Sortilèges  (Mirapolis)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  43. Marden, Duane. "Kansas City-Express  (Fränkisches Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  44. Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  45. Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Tivoli Karolinelund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  46. Marden, Duane. "Bobbahn  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  47. Marden, Duane. "Gran Montserrat  (Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  48. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  49. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  50. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Magic Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  51. Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  52. Marden, Duane. "Euro-Mir  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  53. Marden, Duane. "Dragen  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  54. Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  55. Marden, Duane. "Gletscherblitz  (Steinwasen Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  56. Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld Orlando)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  57. 1 2 Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  58. Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  59. Marden, Duane. "Taunusblitz  (Taunus Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  60. Marden, Duane. "Matterhorn Blitz  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  61. Marden, Duane. "Fly  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  62. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  63. Marden, Duane. "Ghost Chasers  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  64. Marden, Duane. "Spatiale Expérience  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  65. Marden, Duane. "Poseidon  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  66. Marden, Duane. "Bob Express  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  67. Marden, Duane. "Goofy's Sky School  (Disney California Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  68. Marden, Duane. "Trace Du Hourra  (Parc Astérix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  69. Marden, Duane. "Technic Coaster  (Legoland California)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  70. Marden, Duane. "Das Große LEGO Rennen  (Legoland Deutschland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  71. Marden, Duane. "Ricochet  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  72. Marden, Duane. "Apple Zapple  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  73. Marden, Duane. "X-treme Racers  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  74. Marden, Duane. "Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  75. Marden, Duane. "SuperSplash  (TusenFryd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  76. Marden, Duane. "Galaxie Express  (Space Center)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  77. Marden, Duane. "Sand Serpent  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  78. Marden, Duane. "Wild Maus  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  79. Marden, Duane. "Draak  (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  80. Marden, Duane. "Tulireki  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  81. Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  82. Marden, Duane. "Atlantica SuperSplash  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  83. Marden, Duane. "Dynamite Express  (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  84. Marden, Duane. "Reaper, Drop ride to doom!  (Amsterdam Dungeon)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  85. Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa  (Aquashow Family Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  86. Marden, Duane. "Pegasus  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  87. Marden, Duane. "Expreso Minero  (Parque Plaza Sesamo)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  88. Marden, Duane. "Schlitt'Express  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  89. Marden, Duane. "Journey to Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Antonio)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  90. Marden, Duane. "Sierra Sidewinder  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  91. Marden, Duane. "Armada Invencible  (Formosan Aboriginal Culture)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  92. Marden, Duane. "Götterblitz  (Familypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  93. Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  94. Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  95. Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags México)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  96. Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  97. Marden, Duane. "Eurospeed  (Europark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  98. Marden, Duane. "Rothaarblitz  (Panorama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  99. Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  100. Marden, Duane. "Vértigo  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  101. Marden, Duane. "Correcaminos Bip, Bip  (Parque Warner Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  102. Marden, Duane. "Young Star Coaster  (Chimelong Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  103. Marden, Duane. "Space Fantasy The Ride  (Universal Studios Japan)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  104. Marden, Duane. "Twist  (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  105. Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  106. Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Sommerland Syd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  107. Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  108. Marden, Duane. "Zig Zag  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  109. Marden, Duane. "Skatteøen  (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  110. Marden, Duane. "Tiger Express  (Mer de Sable)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  111. Marden, Duane. "Flying Dutchman Gold Mine  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  112. Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race  (Legoland Florida)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  113. Marden, Duane. "Jungle Coaster  (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  114. Marden, Duane. "Vilde Mus  (Bakken)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  115. Marden, Duane. "Manta  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  116. Marden, Duane. "Arctic Blast  (Ocean Park Hong Kong)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  117. Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race  (Legoland Malaysia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  118. Marden, Duane. "Dwervelwind  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  119. Marden, Duane. "Storm  (Etnaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  120. Marden, Duane. "Coast Rider  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  121. Marden, Duane. "Storm Coaster  (Sea World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  122. Marden, Duane. "Dragon  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  123. Marden, Duane. "Sharolet  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  124. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Antibes Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  125. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  126. Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  127. Marden, Duane. "Walrus Splash  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  128. Marden, Duane. "Polar Explorer  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  129. Marden, Duane. "Alpina Blitz  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  130. Marden, Duane. "Helix  (Lsieberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  131. Marden, Duane. "Battle of Blue Fire  (Quancheng Euro Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  132. Marden, Duane. "ARTHUR  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  133. Marden, Duane. "Velikoluksky Miasokombinat  (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  134. Marden, Duane. "Turbulence  (Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  135. Marden, Duane. "Miniwah  (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  136. Marden, Duane. "Flash  (Lewa Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  137. Marden, Duane. "Lost Gravity  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  138. Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff  (Universal Studios Hollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  139. Marden, Duane. "Dragon Express  (Oriental Neverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  140. Marden, Duane. "Pulsar  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  141. Marden, Duane. "Cobra's Curse  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  142. Marden, Duane. "Ba-a-a-Express  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  143. Marden, Duane. "Spider-Man Doc Ock's Revenge  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  144. Marden, Duane. "Velociraptor  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  145. Marden, Duane. "Capitol Bullet Train  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  146. Marden, Duane. "Dragon Gliders  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  147. Marden, Duane. "Star Trek: Operation Enterprise  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  148. Marden, Duane. "DC Rivals HyperCoaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  149. Marden, Duane. "Dancing Oscar  (Shinhwa Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  150. Marden, Duane. "Slinky Dog  (Disney's Hollywood Studios)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  151. Marden, Duane. "Icon  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  152. Marden, Duane. "Time Traveler  (Silver Dollar City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  153. Marden, Duane. "Hyper Coaster  (Land of Legends Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  154. Marden, Duane. "Launch Coaster  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  155. Marden, Duane. "Tiger Leaping Gorge  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  156. Marden, Duane. "Kraken's Revenge  (Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  157. Marden, Duane. "Power Splash  (Happy Valley Shenzhen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  158. Marden, Duane. "Dynamite  (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  159. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  160. Marden, Duane. "Steam Racers  (Wuxi Sunac Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  161. Marden, Duane. "Gods of Egypt - Battle for Eternity  (Lionsgate Entertainment World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  162. Marden, Duane. "Mælkevejen  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  163. Marden, Duane. "Max & Moritz  (Efteling)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  164. Marden, Duane. "DUPLO Dino Coaster  (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  165. Marden, Duane. "Storm Chaser  (Paultons Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  166. Marden, Duane. "Twin Spin  (Enchanted Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  167. Marden, Duane. "Krampus Expédition  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  168. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  169. Marden, Duane. "Blu Power  (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  170. Marden, Duane. "Rockin' Blu  (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  171. Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff  (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  172. Marden, Duane. "Jurassic Flyers  (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  173. Marden, Duane. "Steel Taipan  (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  174. Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire  (Xuzhou Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  175. Marden, Duane. "Giant Digger  (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  176. Marden, Duane. "Giant Splash  (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  177. Marden, Duane. "T-Rex Family Coaster  (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  178. Marden, Duane. "Carrara  (Mandoria)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  179. Marden, Duane. "Beyond the Cloud  (Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  180. Marden, Duane. "Aquaman Power Wave  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  181. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Happy Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  182. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Sun World Bà Nà Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  183. Marden, Duane. "Project Exodus  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  184. Marden, Duane. "Voltron  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  185. Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  186. Marden, Duane. "Fjord Explorer  (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  187. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Universal Studios Epic Universe)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  188. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fantasiana)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  189. Marden, Duane. "Saw Mill Falls  (Six Flags Qiddiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  190. Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  191. Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  192. Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  193. Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  194. "Battle Sails (Sea World)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  195. "Let Battle commence!". Park World Online. 23 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  196. "Dragon Falls (Chessington World Of Adventures)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  197. "Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  198. "Storm Force Accelatron (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  199. Seifert, Jeffrey (2013). "2013 North American Park Preview" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (2): 6–7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
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