Malayalam numerals are the numeral system of the Malayalam script used by Malayalam in Kerala. It is one of several Indian numeral systems. This system is archaic and nowadays the Hindu–Arabic numeral system is used commonly.[1] However it is still found in many documents of cultural or historical importance.

Base numbers

Below is a list of Malayalam numerals with their Hindu–Arabic equivalents as well as their respective Malayalam translations and transliterations.[1]

Malayalam numeralHindu–Arabic numeralMalayalam wordRomanization of MalayalamIPA
0പൂജ്യംpūjyaṁ/pu:d͡ʒjɐm/
1ഒന്ന്onnŭ/on̪n̪ɨ̆/
2രണ്ട്raṇḍŭ/ɾɐɳɖɨ̆/
3മൂന്ന്mūnnŭ/mu:n̪n̪ɨ̆/
4നാല്nālŭ/n̪ɐ:lɨ̆/
5അഞ്ച്añjŭ/ɐɲd͡ʒɨ̆/
6ആറ്āṟŭ/ɐ:rɨ̆/
7ഏഴ്ēḻŭ/e:ɻɨ̆/
8എട്ട്eṭṭŭ/eʈʈɨ̆/
9ഒമ്പത്ombadŭ/ombɐd̪ɨ̆/
/൧൦10പത്ത്pattŭ/pɐt̪t̪ɨ̆/
/൧൦൦100നൂറ്nūṟŭ/n̪u:rɨ̆/
/൧൦൦൦1000ആയിരംāyiraṁ/ɐ:jiɾɐm/
14കാൽkāl/kɐ:l/
12അരara/ɐɾɐ/
34മുക്കാൽmukkāl/mukkɐ:l/
18അരക്കാൽarakkāl/ɐɾɐkkɐːl/

Originally, a number like "11" would have been written as "൰൧" and not "൧൧" to match the Malayalam word for 11 and "10,00,000" as "൰൱൲" similar to the Tamil numeral system. Later on this system got reformed to be more similar to the Hindu–Arabic numerals so 10,00,000 in the reformed numerals it would be ൧൦൦൦൦൦൦.[2][3]

Old system

1120213011010,099
൰൧൨൰ ൨൰൧൩൰൱൰ ൰൲൯൰൯

Suppose the number is "2013". It is read in Malayalam as "രണ്ടായിരത്തി പതിമൂന്ന്" (raṇḍāyiratti padimūnnŭ). It is split into:

  • രണ്ട് (raṇḍŭ) : 2 -
  • ആയിരം (āyiram) : 1000 -
  • പത്ത് (pattŭ) : 10 -
  • മൂന്ന് (mūnnŭ) : 3 -

Combine them together to get the Malayalam number ൨൲൰൩.[3][2][1]

Fractions

In Malayalam you can transcribe any fraction by affixing (-il) after the denominator followed by the numerator, so a fraction like 710 would be read as പത്തിൽ ഏഴ് (pattil ēḻŭ) 'out of ten, seven' but fractions like 12 14 and 34 have distinct names (ara, kāl, mukkāl) and 18 (arakkāl) 'half quarter'.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Alex, Shiju (22 August 2013). "മലയാള അക്കങ്ങൾ". ഗ്രന്ഥപ്പുര (in Malayalam). Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Numbers in Malayalam". omniglot.com. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Numbers in Malayalam | Learn Malayalam numbers 1-100, 1000,... - Learn Entry". Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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