Mallet
French Huguenot noble banking family
Place of originRouen, Normandy
FounderJaques Mallet (1530–1598)
TitlesBarony de Chalmassy (1810; confirmed by
Louis XVIII in 1815)
Motto
Force d'en haut;
En tout temps, en tout lieu,
invoquer l'aide du bon Dieu.[1][2][3]

(Strength from above;
Anytime, anywhere,
invoke the help of God.)
Estate(s)
List
  • Château de Jouy-en-Josas
  • Château du Montcel
  • Château du Bois du Rocher
  • Château des Côtes
  • Château de Montéclin
  • Château Mallet-Vernes
  • Villa des Dunes
  • Maison Mallet
Cadet branchesdu Pan
de Chalmassy
Branches
List

The Mallet family (French: [mɑlɛ] ⓘ)[4][5] is a family of French businessmen and bankers.[6][7]

During the 16th century, the Mallet family first fled from Rouen to Geneva to escape mounting religious oppression by the state.[8][9][10] In 1810, one branch was titled under the French Empire,[11][12] followed by a lesser branch under Louis XVIII in 1816.[13][14] Besides banking, fields in which members have excelled include science, the military, law, and politics.

History

Etymology

According to the official genealogies from the Banque de France, the surname Mallet is likely derived from either the name of the city of Saint-Malo in Brittany or the parish of Saint-Maclou in Rouen, both namesakes of the 6th century Saint Malo of Aleth.[15] This theory is one of several posed by modern lexicographers and onomasticians.[16][17][18]

Origins

In the mid—late 16th century, religious civil war in France drove many Calvinist huguenots, such as the Mallets, to seek refuge in Geneva, which had declared itself Lutheran in 1536. The earliest members of the Mallet family known to have escaped from Normandy were Jacques (1530–1598), from whom all future generations descend, and his brother, Esaïe. After the death of his first wife, Jacquemine Favre, Jacques married Laure Sartoris, daughter of Jean-Léonard, former secretary to Charles III, Duke of Savoy.[19] The couple had eleven children. The descendants of Gabriel (1572–1651), the ninth child, include Jacques-André Mallet and the family of the Barons de Chalmassy. All other significant extant lines descend from Jacques (1575–1657), Gabriel's younger brother.

Notable members

Jacques Mallet du Pan, based on a work by Rigaud.

Jacques Mallet du Pan

Jacques Mallet du Pan (1749–1800) was a journalist and political propagandist from Geneva.

In 1772, upon the recommendation of his colleague Voltaire, he accepted a professorship of French literature at Kassel.[20][21] Due to severe political criticism of his writing, however, he soon left the continent for England in search of greater journalistic freedom. In 1789, he was recruited by Panckoucke as an editor of the Mercure de France in Paris.[22] He resided in the city until 1792, when he was enlisted by Louis XVI, who saw du Pan as his political ally, as a special envoy charged with gathering military support from neighboring leaders.[23] Du Pan participated in drafting precursors to the Brunswick Manifesto,[24][25] and was forced into exile to Bern in 1797.[26] He returned to England the following year, founded the Mercure britannique, and died of consumption in 1800.[27][28]

Mallet du Pan followed a Calvinist philosophy,[29] (c. 1700‒1930) and was known as a conservative counter-revolutionary. His work was largely neglected until after World War II, when it was rediscovered and championed by historians and philosophers such as Alessandro Passerin d'Entrèves and Jacques Godechot.[30] It is accepted that du Pan originated the term suffrage universel (English: universal suffrage).[31]

His grandson was the British civil servant Sir Louis Mallet. Through Louis and his brother, Charles (1824–1892), Jacques is the ancestor of many English civil servants and other public figures, including Louis du Pan Mallet, Charles Mallet the younger, Victor Mallet, and John and Richard Butler, Barons Dunboyne.

Engraving of Paul Henri Mallet (1730–1807) by Aubert, based on a work by Rath.

Paul Henri Mallet

Paul Henri Mallet (1730–1807) was a scholar and diplomat from Geneva. His nephew, Paul Henri Mallet Prevost (1756–1835), was the progenitor of the American Mallet-Prevost branch.

In 1752, he replaced La Beaumelle as professor of French belles-lettres at the Academy of Copenhagen.[32][33] He became interested in ancient Denmark and other Northern lands and published several volumes on Danish history with the help of the government.[34] In 1755, perhaps due to Mallet's works having been vocally supportive of monarchical absolutism,[35][36] queen consort Louisa of Denmark employed Mallet as the tutor of literature and French language for her son, Christian, the future king of Denmark and Norway.[37][38] Mallet's writings on mythology and religion, translated by Bishop Percy,[39] also inspired the poet William Blake, among others.[40][41]

After he had completed his duties in Denmark, Mallet journeyed to England to visit the royal family, which included Caroline Matilda, the betrothed of his former pupil, Christian. Mallet became the princess' epistolary literary advisor when she left for Denmark.[42] In 1760, Mallet returned to Geneva, where he was offered a professorship as chair of the department of history and, four years later, a position on the Council of Two Hundred. Despite his apparent success as an educator, Mallet refused empress Catherine's offer to tutor her young son, Paul I.[43][44] Instead, he chose to accompany Lord Mount Stuart on a Grand Tour through Europe.[45][46][47]

While in England, Mallet received a commission to create a history for the House of Hanover. This work, along with another from Frederick II for the House of Hesse, was completed in 1785.[44] However, over the next few years, the wealth Mallet had accumulated, including his pensions from the nobility, was essentially dissolved due to ongoing political turmoil. When the occupying French government found out about his poor financial state, however, Mallet was supplied with a generous allowance, which he took advantage of for a brief period until his death in 1807 from an acute attack of paralysis.[48][49] A volume of Mallet's first biography, by Sismondi, was published in the same year.[50][51]

Engraving of Jacques-André by Jean-Alexandre Grand (c.1759–1820)

Jacques-André Mallet

Jacques-André Mallet (1740–1790) was a mathematician and astronomer from Geneva. He is best known for founding the first observatory in Geneva.

He was expected to follow the career of his father, who had been a soldier. However, an accident in Jacques-André's youth caused damage to his legs, and he shifted his fascination to academia.[52][53] In 1755, he began his education at the Academy of Geneva, studying first with mathematician Louis Necker. His pursuit of knowledge brought him next to Basel in 1760, where he studied with Daniel Bernoulli, and in 1765 to England and France, where he was inspired by astronomers Jérôme Lalande, John Bevis, and Nevil Maskelyne, among others. Mallet was subsequently invited by Catherine II and the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences to travel to Russia to observe the 1769 transit of Venus from Lapland.[54][55][56] Due to an overcast sky that obscured his view, Mallet's observations in Lapland provided the scientific community with little useful data. Nonetheless, he was awarded honorary membership in the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.[57][58]

Upon his return to Geneva, Jacques-André was granted a position within the Council of Two Hundred and an honorary professorship at his alma mater, the Academy of Geneva. In 1772, he successfully petitioned the council for approval to build an observatory in Geneva, the first in the canton. The observatory's structure and technology were state-of-the-art.[59][60] As director of the observatory, Jacques-André and his students, which included Marc-Auguste Pictet and Jean Trembley, conducted research concerning planetary movements, solar eclipses, and other celestial phenomena. As Jacques-André grew ill in subsequent years, he continued his research at the Mallet family chateau in Avully.

His sister married the astronomer Jean-Louis Pictet, who had joined Mallet on his journey to Russia. Pictet's son, Jean-Pierre, was the father of François Jules Pictet, whose own son would marry back into the Mallet family in 1863. Jacques-André died in 1790 without issue.

Barons de Chalmassy

Guillaume, 1st Baron Mallet de Chalmassy, by Firmin Massot
The arms of the Barons de Chalmassy
A poster for the PCF, 1937. Arthur, 5th Baron Mallet de Chalmassy (far left) and his colleagues are criticized as parasites of the stock market.
Villa des Dunes. Photograph by Gustave William Lemaire, bet. 1900–1920.
  • Isaac Mallet (1684–1779) was first employed by Gédéon Mallet, Cramer et Cie, a Genevan bank founded by Isaac's second cousin Gédéon Mallet. While on business in Paris, Isaac established his own financial enterprise, Isaac Mallet et Cie., 1713.[61] Notably, the bank was charged with managing the capital of Chancellor Maupeou, a descendant of whom married Isaac's fourth-great-grandson, Arthur, 5th Baron de Chalmassy. Isaac was a member of the Grand Council of Geneva.[62]
    ∞ 1722 Françoise Dufour. They had six children, including:
    • Jacques Mallet (1724–1815), who was a partner of his father's bank, which assumed the name Dufour, Mallet and Le Royer. Like his father, he was a member of the Grand Council.
      ∞ 1744 Louise Madeleine Bresson. They had six children, including:
      • Guillaume Mallet, 1st Baron Mallet de Chalmassy (1747–1826). Increasingly upset with the violent conditions of the French Revolution, he and several other bankers, including Claude Perier and Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, helped to install Napoleon on the French throne.[7] In 1810, Emperor Napoleon awarded Guillaume a knighthood[63] and ennobled him as Baron de Chalmassy. Furthermore, Guillaume and his colleagues were given complete control over the newly established Bank of France, on whose Council of Regents Guillaume was engaged from 1800 until his death.[64] Guillaume's title was subsequently confirmed by Louis XVIII during the Restoration.
        ∞ 1779 Elisabeth Boy de La Tour († 1781), whose wealthy widowed mother, Julie, had assisted a young, displaced Rousseau in managing his financial affairs.[65][66] Elisabeth's sister, Madeleine-Catherine, married Étienne Delessert and bore Benjamin Delessert, both of whom were successful bankers.[62]
        ∞ Anne-Julie Houel (1761-1849), whose sister, Marthe-Henriette, was married to Guillaume's younger brother, Isaac Jean-Jacques, also a banker.
        • Adolphe-Jacques "James", 2nd Baron Mallet de Chalmassy (1787–1868). He was awarded a knighthood for his outstanding conduct in the defense of Paris at Barrière de Clichy in 1814.[67] Under his leadership, the Mallet Bank acquired Passage Choiseul for the construction of the Opéra-Comique's theatre, Salle Ventadour.[68][69] Adolphe-Jacques assumed his late father's seat on the Council of Regents,[64] and served as valet de chambre for kings Louis XVIII and Charles X.[70]
          ∞ 1818 Laure Oberkampf, daughter of industrialist Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf. Her sister, Émilie, was married to James' brother, Louis Jules.
          • Alphonse, 3rd Baron Mallet de Chalmassy (1819–1906), a banker. Alphonse assumed his late father's seat on the Council of Regents.
            ∞ 1873 Hélène Bartholdi (1825–1896), second cousin of the sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, designer of the Statue of Liberty.[71]
          • Arthur Mallet (1821–1847)
          • Henriette Clémentine Mallet (1829–1853) ∞ Alfred von Lotzback (1819–1874), a Bavarian industrialist and elite. They had one daughter, Laura.
        • Louis Jules Mallet (1789–1866).
          ∞ 1813 Émilie Laure Oberkampf (1794–1856),[84] daughter of industrialist Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf. Her sister, Laure, was married to Louis-Jules' brother, James. They had four children, including:
      • Isaac Jean-Jacques Mallet (1763–1815), a banker. He was imprisoned during the French Revolution, eventually having his citizenship restored in 1791.
        ∞ 1792 Marthe Henriette Houel, the younger sister of Guillaume's wife, Anne-Julie. They had issue.

Other branches

The Arbitral Tribunal and Counsel, Paris 1899. Severo Mallet-Prevost is in the second row, second from the right. Photograph by Eugène Pirou.[92]
Severo Ornstein (far right) as hardware lead on the design team for the first IMP, 1969

Mallet-Prevost

Coat of Arms of Paul Henry Mallet-Prevost

Edouard Félix Mallet, purportedly engraved by Rodolphe Piguet.

Mallet-Butini

References

  1. ↑ Crozier, William Armstrong, ed. (1904). Crozier's General Armory: A Registry of American Families Entitled to Coat Armor. New York City: Fox, Duffield and Company. p. 88. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  2. ↑ Schweizerisches Geschlechterbuch [Swiss Genealogical Almanac] (in German). Vol. 4. Basel: C. F. Lendorff. 1913. p. 341. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  3. ↑ L. Gerster (1898). Die Schweizerischen Bibliothekzeichen [The Swiss Reference Library] (in German). Bern: L. Gerster. p. 212. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  4. ↑ Thomas, Joseph (1901). Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology: Her to Z. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 1637.
  5. ↑ Smith, Benjamin Eli, ed. (1914). "Mallet du Pan, Jacques; Mallet, Paul Henri". The Century Cyclopedia of Names (Revised and Enlarged ed.). New York City: The Century Company. p. 646. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  6. ↑ Ahamed, Liaquat (2009). "La Bataille". Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. London: Penguin Press. p. 245. ISBN 9781594201820. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  7. 1 2 Smith, Michael S. (2006). "From Merchant Capitalism to Finance Capitalism". The Emergence of Modern Business Enterprise in France, 1800-1930. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press. p. 50. ISBN 0674019393. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  8. ↑ de Senarclens, Jean [in French] (2008). "Mallet". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (in French). Online: Swiss Academies of Humanities and Social Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  9. ↑ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1893). Mallet, Sir Louis (1823–1890). Vol. 35. New York City: MacMillan and Company. p. 428. Retrieved 29 August 2022. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Born, Karl Erich [in German] (1983). International Banking in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Oxford: Berg. p. 22. ISBN 9780907582038. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  11. 1 2 Naef, Hans (1999). Tinterow, Gary; Conisbee, Philip (eds.). Portraits by Ingres:Image of an Epoch. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 168. ISBN 9780870998911. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Szramkiewicz 1974, p. 233.
  13. ↑ Mallet, Bernard (1902). Mallet Du Pan and the French Revolution. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 3. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  14. ↑ Howard, Joseph Jackson (1900). Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica. 3. Vol. 3. London: Mitchell and Hughes. p. 38. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  15. ↑ Baranton, Pascal; Blick, Françoise. "Mallet". Section Généalogique de l'Association Artistique de la Banque de France. Banque de France.
  16. ↑ Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1676. ISBN 9780192527479. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  17. ↑ Seary, E. R. Seary (1998) [1976]. Kirwin, William J. (ed.). Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland: Corrected Edition. Montreal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 341. ISBN 9780773567412. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  18. ↑ Reaney, Percy H.; Wilson, R. M. (1991). A Dictionary of English Surnames (3 ed.). London: Routledge. p. 2075. ISBN 9780415057370. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  19. ↑ Moréri, Louis (1759). Le grand dictionnaire historique [The Great Historical Dictionary] (in French). Vol. 9. Paris: Chez les libraires associés. p. 165. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  20. ↑ Mason, Haydn, ed. (1986). Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. 241. Voltaire Foundation; Institut et Musée Voltaire. p. 173.
  21. ↑ Espe, Karl August [in German], ed. (1866). "Mallet du Pan (Jacques)". Konversationslexikon or Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopädie für die gebildeten Stände [General German Encyclopedia for the Educated] (in German). Vol. 9. F. A. Brockhaus AG. p. 782. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  22. ↑ Sayous, André (1852). Memoirs and Correspondence of Mallet Du Pan: Illustrative of the History of the French Revolution. Vol. 1. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 85, 375.
  23. ↑ Burrows, Simon (2000). French exile journalism and European politics, 1792–1814. London: Royal Historical Society. p. 46. ISBN 9780861932498. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  24. ↑ Lieb, Hermann (1889). The Foes of the French Revolution, Centralization and Anarchy. Chicago: The Belford-Clarke Company. p. 197. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  25. ↑ Palmer, R. R. (1989) [1964]. Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800. Vol. 2 (The Struggle). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 247. ISBN 9781400820122.
  26. ↑ Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. (2007). "Mallet du Pan, Jacques (1749-1800)". Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815: [2 Volumes]. Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760–1815. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 447. ISBN 9780313049514. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
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  28. ↑ Durand-Davray, Henry [in French]; May, J. Lewis, eds. (1920). "Coorespondence to the Editors". The Anglo-French Review. Vol. 3. London: The Anglo-French Booksellers. p. 94.
  29. ↑ Cosmopolitan Conservatisms: Countering Revolution in Transnational Networks, Ideas and Movements. 2021. p. 96.
  30. ↑ Bouden, Julien (2008). "La voie royale selon Mallet du Pan" [The Royal Way According to Mallet du Pan]. Revue Française d'Histoire des Idées Politiques (in French). L'Harmattan (27): 4. JSTOR 24610589. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  31. ↑ Aulard, François Victor Alphonse (1926). Histoire politique de la révolution française [Political History of the French Revolution] (in French). Paris: Armand Colin. pp. 706, 710–711.
  32. ↑ Mallet, Paul Henri (1755). Introduction a l'Histoire de Dannemarc, ou l'on traite de la Religion, des loix, des mœurs & des usages des anciens danois [Introduction to the History of Denmark, Where We Deal with the Religion, the Laws, the Manners and the Customs of the Ancient Danes] (in French). p. Title page. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
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  34. ↑ Duffy, Cian; Rix, Robert W., eds. (2022). Nordic Romanticism: Translation, Transmission, Transformation. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. p. XXVII. ISBN 9783030991272. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  35. ↑ Langen, Ulrik [in Danish]; Stjernfelt, Frederik (2022). The World's First Full Press Freedom: The Radical Experiment of Denmark-Norway 1770–1773. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 489. ISBN 9783110771800. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  36. ↑ Evju 2019, p. 6.
  37. ↑ Orr, Clarissa Campbell (2016). Watanabe-O'Kelly, Helen; Morton, Adam (eds.). Queens Consort, Cultural Transfer and European Politics, C.1500–1800. New York City: Routledge. p. 122. ISBN 9781317072881.
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  40. ↑ O'Donoghue, Heather (2014). English Poetry and Old Norse Myth: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780199562183.
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  43. ↑ Fulton 2014, p. 261.
  44. 1 2 Garvin, James Louis, ed. (1926). "Mallet, Paul Henri". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (13 ed.). London. p. 491.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  49. ↑ Taylor, Charles, ed. (1807). "Paul Henry Mallet". Biographical Memoirs. The Literary Panorama. Vol. 2. London: Cox, Son, & Baylis. p. 1376.
  50. ↑ Neuhauser, Rudolph [in German] (1974). Towards the Romantic Age. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 129. ISBN 9789024715497. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  51. ↑ Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard de (1807). De la vie et des écrits de P.H. Mallet. Geneva: J. J. Paschoud.
  52. ↑ Gautier, Raoul [in French]; Tiercy, Georges (1930). "L'Observatoire de Genève: 1772 – 1830 – 1950". Publications of the Observatoire Geneve Series A. Geneva: Geneva Observatory. 12: 14. Bibcode:1930PGenA..12....3G.
  53. ↑ Delleaux, Fulgence; Mallet, Jacques-André (2009). "L'astronome aux champs: Le Journal de Jacques-André Mallet sur le domaine d'Avully en Genevois (1773–1789) — 1re partie" [The Astronomer in the Fields: The Diary of Jacques-André Mallet on the Avully Estate in Geneva (1773–1789), Part 1]. History and Rural Societies (in French). 31: 141–194.
  54. ↑ Mallet, Jacques-André (1 January 1771) [read 21 June 1770]. "XXXI. Extract of a Letter from Mr. Mallet, of Geneva, to Dr. Bevis, F.R.S." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 60: 363–367. doi:10.1098/rstl.1770.0033. S2CID 186209822.
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  67. 1 2 Choisy, Albert (1930). Notice généalogique et historique sur la famille Mallet de Geneve originaire de Rouen [Genealogical and Historic Record of the Mallet Family of Geneva, from Rouen] (in French). Geneva: Imprimerie Atar. p. 162.
  68. ↑ Poisson, Michael (1999). Paris: Buildings and Monuments; An Illustrated Guide. Harry N. Abrams. p. 64. ISBN 9780810943551.
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  70. ↑ d'Hauterive, André Borel (1869). "Nécrologe". Annuaire de la Pairie et de la Noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe [Directory of the Peerage and Nobility of France and the Sovereign Houses of Europe] (in French). Vol. 26. Paris: Henri Plon. p. 291. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  71. ↑ Galiffe, Jacques Augustins (1892). Notices généalogiques sur les familles genevoises depuis les premiers temps jusqu'à nos jours [Genealogical Records on Genevan Families from the Earliest Times to the Present Day] (in French). Vol. 2. Geneva: J. Jullien. p. 42. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  72. ↑ "Etienne Mallet". Unifrance. Paris: Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée.
  73. ↑ "Message du Président" [Message from the President]. Fondation Mallet (in French).
  74. ↑ Smith, Marguerite T. (17 May 1987). "SUSTAINING WILLIWEAR'S SPIRIT". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023.
  75. ↑ "Paid Notice: Deaths; Mallet, Jacques R.". New York Times. New York City. 2 September 2001. p. 27.
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