María Luisa Ross Landa
Born(1887-08-14)August 14, 1887
Pachuca, Mexico
DiedJune 12, 1945(1945-06-12) (aged 57)
Mexico City, Mexico
Education
Occupation(s)Writer, educator, actress, civil servant

María Luisa Ross Landa (August 14, 1887 – June 12, 1945) was a Mexican feminist writer, journalist, educator, actress, and civil servant. She was a pioneer of cultural radio in Mexico, and the first director of Radio Educación.

Early life

María Luisa Ross Landa was born in Pachuca, Hidalgo on August 14, 1887,[lower-alpha 1] the daughter of Alejandro Ross, a Scottish military doctor, and Elena Landa, a school prefect of Spanish descent. Her father was deputy director of the recently founded General Hospital of Mexico, director of the General Hospital of Pachuca, and had ties to the government of Porfirio Díaz. Her mother was prefect at the National Secondary School for Girls in Pachuca. The family's social position afforded María Luisa access to an excellent private education, something which was available to few women at the time. Her teachers inspired her to find an academic vocation.[2][3]

Education and writing career

Ross Landa graduated from the Escuela Normal Superior in 1900. She studied letters and taught at the National University of Mexico's School of Higher Studies – later the School of Philosophy and Letters of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).[1] She next studied at the Conservatorio Nacional de Música, where she obtained a master's degree in recitation and declamation.[2] She also attended sessions of the Mexican Youth Athenaeum.[4] She was recognized for her erudition and for her command of languages including English, French, Portuguese, and Italian.[4][5]

Some sources state that Luis G. Urbina wrote the poem Metamorfosis for her,[1] and that Justo Sierra acted as her mentor after being impressed by one of her lectures.[2]

She wrote for the Mexican newspapers El Universal, El Universal Ilustrado, and El Imparcial, and was the founder of Excélsior's magazine Revista de Revistas.[6] She also contributed to La Prensa and El Regidor in San Antonio, and Hispano-América in San Francisco.[7] As a journalist, she used pseudonyms such as El Paje Merelí, Silvia Setala, and María Luisa.[8]

Ross Landa wrote screenplays for the 1917 films Obsesión – in which she acted – and Triste crepúsculo. The same year, her poem Rosas de amor was staged at the Arbeu Theater.[1][6] In 1918, she wrote the screenplay for Maciste turista, a film in which she also appeared.[8] Thanks to her prestige in the 1920s and 1930s, she was ambassador of art and culture for UNAM in Europe.[1] As a defender of women's rights, she would advocate for greater participation of women in educational and cultural spaces. She also cofounded the Ibero-American Feminist Union, with the intention of promoting understanding among women from different countries.[2]

Public service

In 1920, Ross Landa was appointed by Victoriano Huerta as ambassador of Mexican culture in Spain. In this role, she held conferences on authors and cultural topics.[9] She was entrusted by José Vasconcelos to create and direct prominent educational-literacy projects, including Radio Educación, the country's first educational radio station. From 1924 to 1933, she was appointed head of the radio-telephone section of the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP), in charge of the station and its content.[10][11] It had the task of disseminating educational, cultural, and scientific knowledge, while the Mexican government provided receiving devices to communities. Ross Landa would visit towns and communities, where she would give lectures on the value of education. She resigned from the position after the departure of Emilio Portes Gil from SEP, and returned to direct the station from 1931 to 1933.[10]

Several of the works written by Ross Landa for basic instruction would be used in primary schools for several decades, including the award-winning Cuentos sentimentale and El mundo de los niños.[12] She was president of the Society of Mexican Didactic Authors, and was a member of the permanent commission of the National Congress of Educators.[6][13]

At a philanthropic level, she participated in the foundation of the Mexican Red Cross, and went to Monterrey to help people affected by the flood of 1909.[14] From 1933 to 1945, she directed various libraries.[4]

Death and legacy

María Luisa Ross Landa is considered a prominent figure in cultural fields such as journalism, education, and literature.[1] She died in Mexico City on June 12, 1945, from a duodenal ulcer and anemia.[4]

In December 2014, the government of Hidalgo dedicated a cenotaph to her at the Rotonda de los Hidalguenses Ilustres in Pachuca.[15]

Works

Educational materials

  • Cuentos sentimentales [Sentimental Stories]. Tip. y Rayados El Arte. 1916. OCLC 689517420.
  • Lecturas selectas (1922)
  • Memorias de una niña (1923, 1924)
  • El mundo de los niños (1924)
  • Lecturas instructivas y recreativas (1925)
  • Historia de una Mujer[8]

Novels

  • La culpa (1920)
  • Así conquista España (1923)

Poetry

  • Rosas de amor (1917)
  • Pérez, Alfonso M.; Ross Landa, María Luisa (1930). Mis jardines: versos [My Gardens: Poems]. Imprenta Brasil. OCLC 689517841.

Screenplays

  • Obsesión (1917)
  • Triste crepúsculo (1917)
  • Maciste turista (1918)

Notes

  1. ↑ Some sources give her birthplace as Tulancingo.[1][2] It is listed as Pachuca in documents she signed as a federal employee, as well as on her death certificate.[3] Some sources also give her birth year as 1891.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "María Luisa Ross Landa". Enciclopedia de la literatura en México (in Spanish). Secretariat of Culture. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Hernández Carballido, Elvira Laura (2003). La participación femenina en el periodismo nacional durante la Revolución Mexicana (1910–1917) [Women's Participation in National Journalism During the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917)] (Thesis) (in Spanish). National Autonomous University of Mexico. pp. 70–72. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  3. 1 2 Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. pp. 9–10. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Sandoval Orihuela, Rosalinda (2013). "María Luisa Ross Landa: mujer de discurso perfecto que logró cautivar a una ciudad y a un beso" [María Luisa Ross Landa: Woman With Perfect Speech Who Managed to Captivate a City and a Kiss]. 2010–1910–1810 Revoluciones femeninas (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. pp. 117–128. ISBN 9786074823080. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  5. ↑ Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. p. 14. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 "Escritores Mexicanos Contemporáneos" [Contemporary Mexican Writers]. Biblos (in Spanish). Vol. II, no. 91. National Library of Mexico. October 16, 1920. pp. 161–162. Retrieved September 28, 2022 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. p. 2. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. p. 15. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  9. ↑ Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. pp. 10–11. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  10. 1 2 Sosa Plata, Gabriel; León López, Felipe (2008). "Los pioneros: 1924–1968". Radio Educación (PDF) (in Spanish). Secretariat of Public Education. pp. 31–36. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  11. ↑ Sosa Plata, Gabriel (2020). Días de radio: Historias de la radio en México [Radio Days: Stories of Radio in Mexico] (in Spanish). Tintable. p. 211. ISBN 9786078346455. Retrieved September 28, 2022 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ "María Luisa Ross Landa" (in Spanish). Secretariat of Culture. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  13. ↑ Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. p. 12. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  14. ↑ Mendiola, Maria D. (May 2014). María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos [María Luisa Ross in the Spanish History of the United States] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Houston. p. 17. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Decreto Núm. 399" (PDF). Periódico Oficial del Estado de Hidalgo (in Spanish). Government of Hidalgo. CXLVII (51): 55–57. December 22, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
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