Harmonica 1.

Marianne Antonia Kirchgessner, also Mariana Kirchgessner, Kirchgäßner, (5 June 1769 in Bruchsal, Germany,[1] – 9 December 1808), was a German glass harmonica player. She was blind from eye disease caused by smallpox when she was four years old.[2] Kirchgessner's artistic qualities brought her the attention of great composers such as Muzio Clementi, Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Johann Friedrich Fasch, Johann Friedrich Reichardt and Franz Anton Hoffmeister.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, in the last year of his life, composed for her—producing one of his best works for this instrument, the Quintet Adagio and Rondo for glass harmonica, flute, oboe, viola and cello in C major K. 617,[2] as well as the Adagio for glass harmonica solo K. 356/617a.[2]

Life

As the fifth daughter of Joseph Anton Kirchgäßner, a chamber paymaster from Speyer, and his wife Maria Teresa, née Waßmuthin,[1] she began playing the clavier with great skill and expression at the age of 6. At 11 she commenced instruction on the glass harmonica with Kapellmeister Joseph Aloys Schimittbauer (1718–1809) in Karlsruhe, which lasted ten years.[3] In the spring of 1791 she went on her first tour in the company of music journalist and biographer Heinrich Philipp Bossler (1744–1812) and his wife.[4]

After that, she traveled throughout Europe for ten years, visiting Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin, Hamburg, and Magdeburg. She played four times at the Prussian court for King Friedrich Wilhelm II in Berlin.[1] During her two-year stay in London between 1794 and 1796, the German-born mechanic Fröschela built a new instrument for her.[4] She used that instrument on all her subsequent tours.

She continued touring and giving concerts in Hanover, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Berlin—and in Carlsbad, where she met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the summer of 1808.[5] A concert tour in the cold winter of that year was Marianne's first and last visit to Switzerland.[1] She caught a cold on a journey from Radbruch to Odenheim, and then on to Schaffhausen. She died of fever due to lung inflammation in the early hours of 9 December 1808.[5]

Literature

  • Bruno Hoffmann: Ein Leben für die Glasharfe, Niederland-Verlag, Backnang 1983, ISBN 3-923947-06-2
  • Hermann Josef Ullrich: Die blinde Glasharmonikavirtuosin Marianne Kirchgeßner und Wien. Eine Künstlerin der empfindsamen Zeit, Verlag Hans Schneider, Tutzing 1971

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Schuhmacher, Stefan. "Marianne Kirchgessner aus Bruchsal" (in German). Bruchsal.org. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 Randel, Don Michael (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. pp. 448. ISBN 0-674-37299-9.
  3. ↑ ADE (1827). Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopädie für die gebildeten Stände: Band 6 (in German). Brockhaus. p. 176.
  4. 1 2 Jennifer S. Uglow, Maggy Hendry (1999). Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography. Northeastern University Press. pp. 300. ISBN 9781555534219.
  5. 1 2 Frauen Geschichte. "Marianne Kirchgessner, Glasharmonikaspielerin" (in German). Bruchsal.de. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
Attribution
  • This article contains information translated from the corresponding article of the German Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found there at the History section.
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