Mark Rafailovich Rein (1909–1937?) was a socialist journalist. His father was the Menshevik leader Raphael Abramovitch (Rein).

Biography

Mark Rafailovich Rein was born in 1909 in Vilna, Russian Empire (now Vilnius, Lithuania). His father was a prominent leader of the Menshevikfaction of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP). In 1911, as a small child, Mark Rein left Russia with his parents, who were escaping from the tsarist police. In 1917, he returned to Russia with his parents; his father played a role in the events of the Revolution of 1917. In 1920, aged 11, Mark Rein left Russia again with his parents and lived mostly in Berlin and Paris. As a young man he became a member of the Mensheviks, the German Social Democratic Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. In 1932, he graduated from the Berlin Polytechnic. He worked as a journalist for several socialist papers. He was more sympathetic to the Soviet Union than his father, and for a while supported the idea of a unification of social-democratic and communist parties.

In 1936, he went to Spain to support the Republican antifascist forces during the Spanish Civil War and became a friend to Willy Brandt there, whom he met in Barcelona.[1] On April 9, 1937, he was kidnapped in Barcelona by agents of the Soviet secret service OGPU. He was spirited to Russia, apparently with the intention of using him in the show trial of Alexey Rykov and Nikolai Bukharin. He was supposed to connect the accused in the third Moscow Trial in 1938 to the exiled Menshevik leadership. The kidnapping was apparently organised by Aleksandr Mikhailovich Orlov, who supervised the kidnapping and the execution of left-wing opponents of Stalin in Spain during the Civil War and later defected to the USA. In spite of frantic efforts by Rafail Abramovich and western socialist supporters, Rein was never seen alive again and is thought to have been murdered by the OGPU.

References

  1. ↑ Gregor Schöllgen: Willy Brandt. Berlin, 2001, p. 57.

Sources

  • Papers of Mark Rein. International Institute of Social History.
  • Rafail Abramovich Papers. International Institute of Social History.
  • 'The Case of Mark Rein.' Socialist Appeal Vol. I No. 11 Saturday October 23, 1937.
  • Krivitsky, W.G., I Was Stalin's Agent. New York, 1940, p. 193 ff.
  • Orlov, A.M., The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes. New York, 1953.
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