Max Fishman
Max Fishman in 1961
BornDecember 12, 1915
Warsaw, Congress Poland Russian Empire
DiedSeptember 24, 1985
Chișinău Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Occupations
  • Composer
  • Pianist
  • Teacher
Years active1928 - 1985
AwardsMedal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Medal "Veteran of Labour" Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"

Max Shakhnovich Fishman (Polish: Mieczysław (Mietek) Fiszman /Fischman/, Romanian: Max Fișman, Russian: Макс Шахнович Фишман, known as Max Benovich Fishman), December 12, 1915, Warsaw, Poland — September 24, 1985, Chișinău, Moldova) was a Moldavian Soviet composer, pianist, and teacher, brought up on the basis of Jewish, Polish, and Russian culture.[1][2]

Biography

Life in Poland

Max Fishman was born on December 12, 1915, in Warsaw, in the family of an entrepreneur and the head of the Warsaw synagogue Shahna-Beinish Fishman (1870 – July 1, 1936) and Esther Fishman, née Bleiberg (1880 – Warsaw Ghetto). He had six older sisters and a younger brother.[3]

He studied at the Warsaw Conservatory with Józef Turczyński (piano)[4] and Antoni Marek (composition). As a student, he composed music and participated in concerts collaborated with popular Polish actresses Ida Kaminska and Lola Folman, hypnotist, and illusionist Wolf Messing, and performed at the famous orphan school Janusz Korczak, where he worked as an educator in the summer months. In August 1939 he was drafted into the army, and during the attack of when Nazi Germany on Poland on September 1, he participated in the anti-fascist resistance. Fleeing from Nazi persecution, on October 21, 1939, he swam crossed the Western Bug with his nephew Pawel Gruenspan (1920–2000, a Polish pianist, composer, and leader of the Jazz Orchestra)[5][6][7][8] and ended up in the territory occupied by the Soviet Union under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. He was arrested by the NKVD, where, instead of the surname Mieczysław (Mietek), they wrote the name Max Fishman and put him in a camp.[9]

Life in the USSR

Max Fishman was "lucky" in the spring of 1940, he was not shot in Katyn, but sent to the Labor army, (NKVD labor columns), in fact, the Gulag, with which he traveled most of the territory of the USSR working on construction sites, loggings, and in Aktyubinsk, in Kazakhstan),[10] he dragged trolleys with chrome ore from deep mines. In September 1944, after a concert, where, under the leadership of Max Fishman, a group of Poles from the Labor Army performed Polish folk and patriotic songs to improve the image of the USSR in the eyes of the Polish army on the territory of the USSR, he, with frostbite on his hands and poor health, was released and sent to study at the Saratov Conservatory. Later, for all his hard labor trials, he was awarded the Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945". During the war, almost all of his relatives perished in the Warsaw ghetto. Many of them participated in the 1943 uprising. Max Fishman's early compositions were lost.

At the Saratov Conservatory, he studied piano with Professor E. M. Singer, from where he was transferred to the Minsk Conservatory in 1945. There he studied with Professor G. N. Petrov (piano) and listened to lectures on composition by Professor A.V. Bogatyrev, although formally he was not his registered student.[11] In 1945 he married Lydia Axionov.[12] Since 1947 Мax Fishman has been repetiteur, a pianist accompanist at the Minsk Conservatory. After graduating from the Minsk Conservatory, Max Fishman had great difficulties with his job in Minsk, since at that time in the USSR there was an extensive campaign against cosmopolitanism, with anti-Semitic essence. After working at the Musical College of Gomel, he and his wife were sent to Moldavia.

Since 1952, he worked at the Chisinau Conservatory (later renamed the Chișinău Institute of Arts named after G. Muzicescu, currently the Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts) as an accompanist, and piano teacher. More than a hundred students from the departments of strings, wind and folk instruments, vocals, and acting at the Chisinau Conservatory studied in the piano class of Max Fishman and later became leading masters of musical and theatrical art in Moldova. He also taught piano at the Calarasi Pedagogical College and at the music school in the village Carpineni.[13][14][15]

Max Fishman was actively involved in composing. Dozens of different genres remained in his creative portfolio the historical and artistic significance of which is confirmed by their popularity in the past.[16] The compositions of Max Fishman have been and are still being performed by leading musical groups of Moldova - by the Symphony Orchestra Moldovan Philharmonic, the Philharmonic choir Doina, the Moldovan Jazz Orchestra "Bucuria" Moldovan Philharmonic, the Symphony Orchestra Moldovan Radio and Television, the National Chamber Orchestra in the Chișinău Organ Hall, the choir Chișinău Conservatory, the choir Chișinău Institute of Arts named after Gavriil Musicescu, the choir Chișinău Academy of Music, the choir Chișinău special music school named after E. Coca and others.[17][18]

From an interview with Moldovan violinist and composer, Honored Art Worker of the Moldavian SSR, Professor Boris Dubosarschi to music critic, journalist Serghei Pojar (2010):[19]

“…In the early 60s, the organizing committee interzonal violin competition in the USSR in Moldova invited composers from all the republics to write a virtuoso work for violin, which was to be performed by all participants in the competition. To avoid accusations of dishonest choice, each composer was given a number and his name is hidden in a sealed envelope. The jury for the selection of this work was solid and mainly represented by the leadership of the Union of Composers of the USSR and Moldova. There were a lot of works for the competition, but there was little controversy, when the envelope with the number of the winning composer was publicly opened, it turned out to be Max Fishman. The responsible persons of the competition were shocked, but it was too late to change the situation, but it was necessary, due to the tension between Israel and the surrounding Arab world. Composer - a Jew did not fit. And they found a way out. There was an experience. At one of the congresses of composers, the surname Fishman on the poster was replaced with the surname Fimshan, which sounded like a Moldavian one, and this time they found a more harmonious surname – Pescaru, that translated from Romanian will be Fishman. The laureates of the competition with great pleasure performed this piece for violin by Max Benovich… and one of these winners was my classmate, the magnificent violinist Boris Goldenblank,[20] later the first violin of the outstanding orchestras of Jurij Silantiev and Andre Rieu”

Max Fishman died on September 24, 1985, in Chisinau. He was buried at the Chisinau cemetery of St. Lazarus (also called "Doina").[21]

Awards

Family

His wife Lydia Axionova (July 19, 1923 — September 18, 2019) was a Soviet and Moldovan Сhoir Сonductor, the first woman Сonductor of the Symphony Orchestra in Moldova, the first in Moldova who got the academic title Professor of Сhoral Сonducting.[22] Their sons: actor, and director Băno Axionov (b. 1946) and pianist, and teacher Artur Aksenov (b.1956).[23][24][25][26][27]

Selected works

  • 4 piano concerto.[28][29]
  • Two trios for piano, violin, and cello. (1954–1958).[30][31][32][33][34][35]
  • Ten Miniatures for Piano on Moldavian Folk Melodies (1955).[36]
  • Variations for piano.[37]
  • The cycle of 5 preludes for piano (1956).
  • "Mazurka. Memories of Poland" (1956).
  • Cantata "Glory to Young Eagles" (dedicated to young fighters against Nazism) to the words of S. Varelopulus 1959.[38][39]
  • Suite for large symphony orchestra (1961).
  • Piece for oboe and symphony orchestra (until 1961).
  • Fantasy for small symphony orchestra.[40]
  • Capriccio E Minor for piano (1961).
  • Sonatina for clarinet and piano in B (1963).[41][42][43][44][45]
  • Sonatina for piano (3 movements) (1963).[46]
  • Romance (arrangement for trombone and piano, 1963).
  • 5 Preludes for Piano (Remembrance, Spring is Coming, Estrada Echoes, On the Lake, On May Day).
  • Jazz Overture (1964).[47]
  • Concert piece for violin and piano (1964).[48]
  • Scherzino for clarinet and piano in B (1964).
  • Scherzo (arranged for trombone and piano, 1964).
  • Choir "Autumn" ("What are you rocking…?") to the words of Mihai Eminescu 1964.
  • 4 studies for piano (1968).
  • Sonatina for piano d-moll (3 movements) (1968).
  • Prelude in e-moll for piano (1968).
  • Ten Piano Pieces on Moldavian Themes (1969).
  • Canon for choir (Moldovan folk song) (1973)
  • Polyphonic piano cycle Canons (1976).
  • Sonata for violin and piano in d-moll.
  • 4 studies.
  • Ten piano pieces on Moldovan themes (miniatures Dance, Variations, Olandra, Canon, Youth, Variations, Comic, Variations, Song, Jock).
  • Scherzino G-dur for piano.
  • Humoresque for violin and piano.[49]
  • Choir "Harvesting" to the words of Vasile Alecsandri.[39]

Discography

In 2006, a disc was released with recordings of music by M. Fishman (from the funds of "Teleradio-Moldova", total time - 78:19.04), which included:

  • Variations for piano. Performed by Lyudmila Vaverco, recorded in 1956.
  • Trio on Moldovan themes for piano, violin and cello. Performed by Lyudmila Vaverco (piano), Oscar Dayn (violin), Vsevolod Dubrovsky (cello), recorded in 1958.
  • Piece for oboe and orchestra. Performed by Dmitry Rotar (oboe), MSSR Radio and Television Orchestra, conductor Alexander Vasechkin, recorded in 1961.
  • Sonatina for piano. Performed by Ghitlea Strakhilevich, recorded in 1963.
  • Concert piece for violin and piano. Performed by Lilia Neaga (violin), Ghitlea Strakhilevich (piano) recording in 1964.
  • Humoresque for violin and piano. Performed by Lilia Neaga (violin), Ghitlea Strakhilevich, (piano) recording in 1964.
  • Sonata for Violin and Piano. Performed by Lilia Neaga (violin), Ghitlea Strakhilevihi (piano) recording in 1964.
  • Sonata for clarinet and piano. Performed by Evgeny Verbețsky (clarinet), Ghitlea Strakhilevich, (piano) recording in 1964.
  • Scherzino for clarinet and piano. Performed by Evgeny Verbețsky (clarinet), Ghitlea Strakhilevich (piano) recording in 1964.
  • Capriccio for piano. Performed by Ghitlea Strakhilevich, recorded in 1964.
  • Etude in G major for piano. Performed by Ghitlea Strakhilevich, recorded in 1964.
  • Etude in D minor for piano. Performed by Ghitlea Strahilevici, recorded in 1964.
  • Choir "Autumn" ("What are you rocking…?") to the words of Mihai Eminescu. Performed by the Conservatory Choir, conductor Lydia Axionov, recorded on June 23, 1964.
  • Choir "Harvesting" to the words of Vasile Alecsandri. Performed by the Conservatory Choir, conductor Lydia Axionov, recorded in June 23, 1964.[50]

Some Published Works

  • Fishman M. Hunting. Chisinau: State Publishing House of Moldova, 1956 (Фишман М. La vânătoare. Chișinău: Editura de stat a Moldovei, 1956).[51]
  • Fishman M. Sonatina d-moll for piano. Chișinău: Kartya Moldovenyaska, 1968 (Фишман М. Сонатина d-moll для фортепиано. Кишинёв: Картя Mолдовеняскэ, 1968).[46]
  • Fishman M. Prelude and four studies for pianoforte. TsGARM, F. 3050, Op. 2, D. 309. (Фишман М. Прелюдия и четыре этюда для фортепиано. ЦГАРМ, Ф. 3050, Оп. 2, Д. 309).
  • Fishman M. Capriccio, Scherzino. Selected works of Moldovan composers. Chișinău: Kartya Moldovenyaska, 1961, p. 150-172. (Фишман М. Каприччио, Скерцино. В: Избранные произведения молдавских композиторов. Кишинёв: Картя Молдовеняскэ, 1961, с. 150-172).
  • Fishman M. Sonatina E-flat Major for clarinet in B. Chișinău: Kartya Moldovenyaska, 1963. (Фишман М. Сонатина Es-dur для кларнета in B. Кишинёв: Картя Молдовеняскэ, 1963).[43]

Personality

From an interview with Moldovan composer, Honored Art Worker of the Moldavian SSR Vladimir Slivinsky to music critic, and journalist Serghei Pojar (2004):[21]

“…Fishman was one of the largest composers of Moldova, although he was not formally a member of the Union of Composers. But, to be honest, Max Fishman did not need the Union of Composers, but the Union of Composers needed him. He was frank, uncompromising, honest, subtle, charming... His music did not leave any listener indifferent. Even obvious ill-wishers and there were many of them, I think, noted his originality and modernity, taking origins from the depths of either Moldovan or Jewish Melos. This uncertainty particularly annoyed them. His suggestions, advice, and analysis of the works of colleagues have always been kind, interesting, and well-reasoned. The main thing for him was to help and not to harm ...”

From an article Composer and professor Max Fishman, of the associate professor, PhD in the study of arts Tamara Melnik:[52]

“…as far as even a cursory analysis of his works allows us to appreciate, his talent was original, bright, extraordinary ... The pinnacle of the piano-concert line of M. Fishman's work are 4 piano concertos ... Piano Concerto Es-dur continues the traditions of a great romantic, namely, "lyrical-epic and lyrical-psychological concerto"... The development and diversity of the piano texture, the expressiveness of the harmonic language, the intensity of the thematic and tonal development, the bright national-colored imagery allow us to put the Es-dur Concerto on a par with the most outstanding examples of this genre in the work of Moldovan composers of the 2nd half of the 20th century... In 1950-1970. M. Fishman becomes a significant figure in the professional composing circles of the republic. The genre palette of his work is extremely diverse - symphonic and chamber-instrumental works, piano concertos, cycles of miniatures, canons, etudes, numerous adaptations. On the one hand, they reflect the harmonic and textural formulas of the Romantic era (allusions to the works of F. Chopin, P. Tchaikovsky, S. Rachmaninov), as well as the innovations of piano music of the 20th century (B. Bartok). However, the originality of his works is largely determined by their national identity, which is not only in modal, intonational or rhythmic characteristics, but also in the peculiarities of the worldview, the structure of feelings of the Moldavian people…”

From an article The piano trio by M. Fishman as a sound document of its era, by Rector, Associate Professor of the Pridnestrovian State Institute of Arts (Tiraspol) Irina Pleşcan:[53]

“...The Max Fishman Trio, as a sound document of its era, synthesizes a variety of ideas and traditions. Despite all the horrors of the 20th century experienced by the composer and his family, who died in Auschwitz, the death of his mother and younger brother, the flight from Nazi-occupied Poland, his stay in the colony and other events, according to L. V. Axionova, the composer’s attitude was bright and optimistic, which is reflected in the Trio's music. In the context of historical and stylistic synthesis, this work reveals the influence of classical and romantic traditions, which is also quite characteristic of Moldovan music of the 1950s. From the point of view of assimilation of the experience of different composer schools, we note the strong influence of Russian music, which has always been present in both Moldovan and Polish musical cultures. Refracted in various works of the composer, these traditions were multiplied by the desire to preserve and convey in music their ethnic and cultural identity…”

From an article Overture by Max Fişman in Prfofessional European Music and the Third Layer Interaction Context, of the associate professor, PhD in the study of arts Victoria Tcacenco:[54]

“...Despite the fact that Max Fishman’s Overture exists only in the form of a musical text, no recordings have survived, an analysis of the score allows us to state that this work is bright, theatrical, rich in contrasts, which is quite attributable to the genre of orchestral overture. In its musical language it is democratic, and attractive to the widest audience due to its reliance on the rhythm of everyday genres, the synthesis of elements of Moldavian folklore, and “mass music”. M. Fishman demonstrates an excellent mastery of the laws of listener perception... Max Fishman's Overture is a score that has preserved for us information about one of the best examples of everyday music of its time..."

From an article The concerto for piano and orchestra es-dur by M. Fishman in the romanticism traditions context, of the associate professor, PhD in the study of arts Tamara Melnik:[55]

“…Thus, not previously mentioned in any source and until recently not included in the orbit of the study of domestic musicology, M. Fishman's Concert Es-dur has not only artistic, but also historical value, as it is able to complement the picture of the origin of the genre in Moldavian music. Moreover, according to Pavel Borisovich Rivilis, who worked in those years as a senior consultant in the Union of Composers of the MSSR, this work is one of the best examples of a piano concerto of the post-war era...”

Sources

References

  1. ↑ "Выдающиеся деятели культуры и искусства". kurskonb.ru.
  2. ↑ Hasin Aba: Music Dictionary. Part 2. Max Fishman
  3. ↑ Who was born in Warsaw in December? (Кто родился в Варшаве в декабре?)
  4. ↑ ""Юзеф Турчинский (Józef Turczyński)"".
  5. ↑ "1956". February 9, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database -- Pawel Gruenspan". www.ushmm.org.
  7. ↑ https://music.apple.com/us/artist/pawel-gruenspan/1600144506
  8. ↑ Marian Fuks: Księga sławnych muzyków pochodzenia żydowskiego (Kompozytor niewidomy - Paweł Gruenspan (1920-2000) /132 / Liczba stron:472. 2003 ISBN 83-7063-364-1
  9. ↑ "Max Fishman"
  10. ↑ "Gulag. Aktyubinsk. "(Актюбинский ИТЛ — исправительно-трудовой лагерь)"".
  11. ↑ Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: Composer and Professor Max Fishman MinisterulI Culturii al Republicii Moldova. Acadmia de Muzică, Teatru şi Arte Plastice. In: Anuar ştiinţific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice, 2011, nr. 1-2(12-13), p. 86. ISSN 1857-2251
  12. ↑ first professor of choral conducting in Moldova. To the 100th anniversary of the birth of L.V. Axionova.
  13. ↑ "Мельник Тамара Вклад преподавателей кафедры общего фортепиано Академии Музыки, Театра и изобразительных искусств в развитии музыкальной культуры Республики Молдова". av.disus.ru.
  14. ↑ Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: Studying the composer's creation of the Republic of Moldova in the context of scientific and methodological activities of the complementary piano department of the Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts in the 50s-60s of the 20th century (based on the documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Moldova). Studiul artelor și culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică – Nr. 1 (21), 2014. (Тамара Мельник, доцент, доктор (кандидат) искусствоведения: Исследование творчества композиторов Республики Молдова в контексте научно-методической деятельности кафедры общего фортепиано Академии Музыки, Театра и Изобразительных Искусств 50-60-х годов ХХ века (по материалам Национального Архива Республики Молдова. Studiul artelor și culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică – Nr. 1 (21), 2014)
  15. ↑ Мельник, Тамара; Ткаченко, Виктория (November 4, 2013). "Вклад преподавателей кафедры Общего фортепиано Академии Музыки, Театра и Изобразительных Искусств в развитие музыкальной культуры Республики Молдова: автореф. дис. ... д-ра искусствоведения: 17.00.01 - Аудиовизуальные искусства (Музыкальное искусство)" – via Library Catalog (Koha).
  16. ↑ "Макс Фишман: педагог и композитор". ibn.idsi.md.
  17. ↑ Larisa Balaban, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: Works by the Composers of the Republic of Moldova from the Library of the Symphony Orchestra of the S. Lunchevici National Philharmonic MinisterulI Culturii al Republicii Moldova. Acadmia de Muzică, Teatru şi Arte Plastice. Studiul Artelor şi Culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică - NR. 2 (25), 2015 pp. 23 – 29 ISSN 2345-1408
  18. ↑ Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: Composer and Professor Max Fishman MinisterulI Culturii al Republicii Moldova. Acadmia de Muzică, Teatru şi Arte Plastice. In: Anuar ştiinţific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice, 2011, nr. 1-2(12-13), pp. 85-86. ISSN 1857-2251
  19. ↑ Ilana Elizarova: "Without the right to create. To the 100th anniversary of the composer, pianist, teacher Max Fishman" Jewish World (newspaper of Russian-speaking America) 01/09/2015
  20. ↑ Who are the members of the Johann Strauss Orchestra?
  21. 1 2 Olga Bulychevskaya, journalist and art critic: "Music enlivens life. To the 100th anniversary of the birth of composer Max Fishman." (Музыка возрождает жизнь. К 100-летию композитора Макса Фишмана.) AVA.MD November 4, 2015
  22. ↑ "Первый профессор хорового дирижирования Молдовы. :: Общество :: AVA.MD". web.archive.org. June 20, 2023.
  23. ↑ Congress, The Library of. "- LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)". id.loc.gov.
  24. ↑ "Игры без поддавков. Прошлое и настоящее актёра и режиссёра Бэно Аксёнова". Журнал "Чайка". May 9, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Artur Aksenov". Levine Music.
  26. ↑ "В поисках добра и истины. Аксёновы. :: Общество :: AVA.MD". web.archive.org. June 20, 2023.
  27. ↑ Conferinţă Ştiinţifică Internaţională. Marţi, 22 februarie 2022, ora 10.00, Moderator: doctor în studiul artelor, conferențiar universitar, Larisa Balaban (Axionov Artur, Teacher, Levine Music and Adventist University, Washington, SUA, Maks FIŞMAN — portret de creație, AXIONOV Beno, Germania, Maks Fisman: pedagog și compositor. P. 8)
  28. ↑ Max Fishman: Concert pour piano et orchestre symphonique. Rita Namorado – piano, Nicolas Kruger – direction, Orchestre Nationale de Chambre et Orchestre Téléradio Moldova. Salle d'Orgue, Chisinau, Moldavie, 2018
  29. ↑ Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: The concerto for piano and orchestra es-dur by M. Fishman in the romanticism traditions context MinisterulI Culturii al Republicii Moldova. Acadmia de Muzică, Teatru şi Arte Plastice. In: Anuar ştiinţific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice, 2011, nr. 1-2(12-13), pp. 85-90. ISSN 1857-2251
  30. ↑ Max Fishman: Trio on Moldovan themes for piano, violin and cello. Performed by Lyudmila Vaverco (piano), Oscar Dayn (violin), Vsevolod Dubrovsky (cello), Teleradio-Moldova, recorded in 1958
  31. ↑ Max Fishman: Trio n.2, Allegro. Ecaterina Baranov (piano), Birgitte Staernes (violin), Hélène Dautry (cello). Salle d'Orgue, Chisinau, Moldavie, 2019
  32. ↑ Max Fishman: Trio n.2, Andante. Ecaterina Baranov (piano), Birgitte Staernes (violin), Hélène Dautry (cello). Salle d'Orgue, Chisinau, Moldavie, 2019
  33. ↑ Max Fishman: Trio n.2, Vivace Giocoso. Ecaterina Baranov (piano), Birgitte Staernes (violin), Hélène Dautry (cello). Salle d'Orgue, Chisinau, Moldavie, 2019
  34. ↑ "Pleșcan Irina, vice-rector, Institute of Arts, Tiraspol: "The piano trio by M. Fishman as a sound document of its era" National Scientific Conference. Composing creation from the Republic of Moldova: past and present October 24, 2014. (Conferință științifică națională. Creația componistică din Republica Moldova: trecut și present. Pleșcan Irina, prorector, Institutul de Arte, Tiraspol: Trio pentru pian de Max Fișman ca un document audio al epocii 24.10.2014)" (PDF).
  35. ↑ "Pleșcan Irina, vice-rector Institute of Arts, Tiraspol. Chamber ensemble with piano in composition creation in the Republic of Moldova: problem identification. Anuar științific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice Nr. 3 (20), 2013. (Ирина Плешкан, проректор Института искусств, Тирасполь. Большой камерно-инструментальный ансамбль с участием фортепиано в композиторском творчестве Республики Молдова: постановка проблемы. Anuar științific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice Nr. 3 (20), 2013)" (PDF).
  36. ↑ "Ла вынэтоаре Пентру пиан. Фишман, Макс Шахнович. Кишинев Едитура де стат а Молдовей 1956. Заказать электронную копию". any-book.ru.
  37. ↑ Max Fishman : Variations for piano. Performed by Lyudmila Vaverco. Teleradio-Moldova, recorded in 1956
  38. ↑ Cuznețova Nadejda, aspirant, Senior Lecturer: Cantata in the works of composers of the Republic of Moldova: history and typology (1910–1960s) – the dissertation in Russian is available in the National Library of the Republic of Moldova, in the libraries of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and the Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts – 2019 (Надежда Кузнецова, аспирант, старший преподаватель: Кантата в творчестве композиторов республики Молдова: история и типология (1910 – 1960-е гг.) диссертация на русском языке доступна в Национальной библиотеке Республики Молдова, в библиотеках Академии наук Молдовы и Академии музыки, театра и изящных искусств - 2019)
  39. 1 2 "AMTAP Revista".
  40. ↑ "Сочинения композиторов Республики Молдова в библиотеке симфонического оркестра национальной филармонии им. С. Лункевича". ibn.idsi.md.
  41. ↑ Max Fishman : Sonata for clarinet and piano. Performed by Evgeny Verbețsky (clarinet), Ghitlea Strakhilevich, (piano). Teleradio-Moldova, recording in 1964
  42. ↑ Fishman Мax Sonatina E-flat Major for clarinet in B Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova"
  43. 1 2 "Сонатина для кларнета и фортепиано. Фишман, Макс Шахнович. Кишинев Картя молдовеняскэ 1963. Заказать электронную копию". any-book.ru.
  44. ↑ Фишман, Макс Шахнович (November 4, 1963). "Сонатина для кларнета и фортепиано". Картя молдовеняскэ – via Российская Государственная Библиотека.
  45. ↑ "Сонатина для кларнета и фортепиано - Фишман Макс Шахнович". November 4, 1963 – via rusneb.ru.
  46. 1 2 "Сонатина для фортепиано. Фишман, Макс Шахнович. Кишинев Картя молдовеняскэ 1968. Заказать электронную копию". any-book.ru.
  47. ↑ "Увертюра Макса Фишмана в контексте взаимодействия профессиональной европейской традиции и третьего пласта". ibn.idsi.md.
  48. ↑ Max Fishman: Concert piece for violin and piano. Performed by Lilia Neaga (violin), Ghitlea Strakhilevich (piano). Teleradio-Moldova, recording in 1964
  49. ↑ Fishman Мax Humoresque for violin and piano Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova
  50. ↑ "Макс Шахнович Фишман - биография и семья". people-archive.ru.
  51. ↑ Фишман, Макс Шахнович (November 4, 1956). "Ла вынэтоаре: Пентру пиан". Едитура де стат а Молдовей – via Российская Государственная Библиотека.
  52. ↑ "Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: "Composer and professor Max Fishman". Anuar științific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice 2011, nr. 1-2(12-13). (Тамара Мельник, доцент, доктор (кандидат) искусствоведения: Макс Фишман: композитор и педагог. Anuar științific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice 2011, nr. 1-2(12-13) ISSN 1857-2251" (PDF).
  53. ↑ Pleşcan Irina, Rector Institute of Arts, Tiraspol: "The piano trio by M. Fishman as a sound document of its era" Studiul Artelor şi Culturologie: Istorie, Teorie, Practică – NR. 2 (25), 2015. ISSN 2345-1408 (Ирина Плешкан, Ректор, доцент Института искусств, Тирасполь, "Фортепианное трио М. Фишмана, как звуковой документ эпохи" Studiul Artelor şi Culturologie: Istorie, Teorie, Practică - NR. 2 (25), 2015) ISSN 2345-1408
  54. ↑ Victoria Tcacenco, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: Overture by Max Fişman in Prfofessional European Music and the Third Layer Interaction Context MinisterulI Culturii al Republicii Moldova. Acadmia de Muzică, Teatru şi Arte Plastice. In: Anuar Ştiinţific: Muzică, Teatru, Arte Plastice 2012, nr. 3 pp. 238 - 244 ISSN 1857-2251
  55. ↑ Tamara Melnik, associate professor, PhD in the study of arts: "The concerto for piano and orchestra es-dur by M. Fishman in the romanticism traditions context". Anuar ştiinţific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice Nr. 4 (17), 2012. pp. 59 – 64 ISSN 1857-2251 (Тамара Мельник, доцент, доктор (кандидат) искусствоведения "Концерт для фортепиано с оркестром es-dur М. Фишмана в контексте традиций романтизма". Anuar ştiinţific: muzică, teatru, arte plastice 2012, nr. 4 pp. 59 – 64 ISSN 1857-2251)
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