Mel Brooks
Brooks in 2010
Born
Melvin James Kaminsky

(1926-06-28) June 28, 1926
New York City, U.S.
Alma materVirginia Military Institute
Occupations
  • Actor
  • comedian
  • filmmaker
  • songwriter
  • playwright
Years active1949–present
WorksFull list
Spouses
  • Florence Baum
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1953; div. 1962)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1964; died 2005)​
Children4, including Max
AwardsFull list

Melvin James Brooks (né Kaminsky;[1] born June 28, 1926) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, songwriter, and playwright. With a career spanning over seven decades, he is known as a writer and director of a variety of successful broad farces and parodies.[2] A recipient of numerous accolades, he is one of 19 entertainers to win the EGOT, which includes an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Academy Award, and a Tony Award. He received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2009, a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in 2010, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2013, a British Film Institute Fellowship in 2015, a National Medal of Arts in 2016, a BAFTA Fellowship in 2017, and the Honorary Academy Award in 2024.

Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for Sid Caesar's variety show Your Show of Shows from 1950 to 1954.[3] With Carl Reiner, he created the comedy sketch The 2000 Year Old Man, and together, they released several comedy albums, starting with 2000 Year Old Man in 1960. With Buck Henry, he created the hit television comedy series Get Smart, which starred Don Adams and ran from 1965 to 1970.

Brooks rose to prominence becoming one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s. His films include The Producers (1967), The Twelve Chairs (1970), Blazing Saddles (1974), Young Frankenstein (1974), Silent Movie (1976), High Anxiety (1977), History of the World, Part I (1981), Spaceballs (1987), and Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993).[4] A musical adaptation of his first film, The Producers, ran on Broadway from 2001 to 2007 and was itself remade into a musical film in 2005. He wrote and produced the Hulu series History of the World, Part II (2023).

Brooks was married to actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death in 2005. Their son Max Brooks is an actor and author, known for his novel World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War (2006). In 2021, Mel Brooks published a memoir titled All About Me![5] Three of his films are included on the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 comedy films of the past 100 years (1900–2000), all of which were ranked in the top 15: Blazing Saddles at number 6, The Producers at number 11, and Young Frankenstein at number 13.[6]

Early life and education

Brooks was born on a tenement kitchen table,[7] on June 28, 1926, in Brownsville, Brooklyn,[7] to Kate (née Brookman) and Max Kaminsky,[8] and grew up in Williamsburg. His father's family were German Jews from Danzig (Gdańsk, Poland); his mother was from Kyiv, in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine).[9][10][11][12] He had three older brothers: Irving, Lenny, and Bernie.[13][14] His father died of tuberculosis of the kidney[9] at 34 when Brooks was two years old.[15] He has said of his father's death, "There's an outrage there. I may be angry at God, or at the world, for that. And I'm sure a lot of my comedy is based on anger and hostility. Growing up in Williamsburg, I learned to clothe it in comedy to spare myself problems—like a punch in the face."[13][14]

Brooks was a small, sickly boy who often was bullied and teased by his classmates because of his size.[16] He grew up in tenement housing. At age nine, Brooks went to a Broadway show with his maternal[17] uncle Joe—a taxi driver who drove the Broadway doormen back to Brooklyn for free and was given the tickets in gratitude—and saw Anything Goes with William Gaxton, Ethel Merman and Victor Moore at the Alvin Theater. After the show, he told his uncle that he was not going to work in the garment district like everyone else but was absolutely going into show business.[18]

When Brooks was 14 he gained employment as a pool-side tummler (entertainer) at the Butler Lodge,[19] a second-rate Borscht Belt hotel, where he met 18-year-old Sid Caesar.[7] Brooks kept his guests amused with his crazy antics. In a Playboy interview, he explained that one day he stood at the edge of a diving board wearing a derby[7] and a large alpaca[7] overcoat with two suitcases full of rocks, and then announced: "Business is terrible! I can't go on!" before jumping, fully clothed into the pool.[9] He was taught by Buddy Rich (who had also grown up in Williamsburg) how to play the drums, and started to earn money as a musician when he was 14.[20] During his time as a drummer, he was given his first opportunity as a comedian at the age of 16, filling in for an ill MC. During his teens, he changed his name to Melvin Brooks,[21][22] influenced by his mother's maiden name Brookman, after being confused with trumpeter Max Kaminsky.[20] Brooks graduated from Eastern District High School in Williamsburg in January 1944[23] and intended to follow his older brother and enroll in Brooklyn College to study psychology.[24][25]

World War II service

In early 1944, in his senior year in high school, Brooks was recruited to take the Army General Classification Test, a Stanford–Binet-type IQ test.[26] After scoring highly, Brooks was sent to the Army Specialized Training Program at the Virginia Military Institute to be taught electrical engineering, horse riding, and saber fighting.[26][27][28] In 1944, Brooks was drafted into the Army.[27] Twelve weeks later, when he turned 18, he officially joined the United States Army[20] at the Fort Dix,[26] New Jersey, induction center, and was sent to the Field Artillery Replacement Training Center at Fort Sill, Oklahoma for basic training and radio operator training.[26][29][30][28] Brooks was then sent back to Fort Dix for overseas assignment.[26] Brooks says he boarded the SS Sea Owl at the Brooklyn Navy Yard around February 15, 1945.[26] A reporter for the United States Department of Defense writes that Brooks arrived in France in November 1944, and later to Belgium, serving with the 78th Infantry Division as a forward artillery observer.[27] In February 1945, a short while later, Brooks was transferred to the 1104th Engineer Combat Battalion as a combat engineer, participating in the Battle of the Bulge.[28][27][31][32]

Along the roadside, you'd see bodies wrapped up in mattress covers and stacked in a ditch, and those would be Americans, that could be me. I sang all the time ... I never wanted to think about it ... Death is the enemy of everyone, and even though you hate Nazis, death is more of an enemy than a German soldier.[33]

Stationed in Saarbrücken and Baumholder, the battalion was responsible for clearing booby-trapped buildings and defusing land mines as the Allies advanced into Nazi Germany.[34][35][28] Brooks was tasked with land mine location; defusing was done by a specialist.[26] Brooks has stated that when he heard Germans singing over loudspeakers, he responded by singing into a bullhorn, Toot, Toot, Tootsie (Goo' Bye!) by Jewish Al Jolson.[36][37][38] Brooks spent time in the stockade after taking an anti-Semitic heckler's helmet off and smashing him in the head with his mess kit.[39] His unit constructed the first Bailey bridge over the Roer River,[26] later building bridges over the Rhine River.[27] In April 1945, Brooks's unit conducted its last reconnaissance missions in the Harz Mountains, Germany.[27]

With the end of the war in Europe, Brooks joined the Special Services as a comic touring Army bases and he was made acting corporal, put in charge of entertainment at Wiesbaden,[9][28] and performed at Fort Dix.[9] In June 1946, Brooks was honorably discharged from the Army as a corporal.[28][27]

Career

1949–1959: Early work and breakthrough

Brooks wrote for Your Show of Shows starring Imogene Coca and Sid Caesar

After the war, Brooks' mother had secured him a job as a clerk at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, but Brooks "got into a taxi and ordered the driver to take him to the Catskills",[40] where he started working in various Borscht Belt resorts and nightclubs in the Catskill Mountains as a drummer and pianist. When a regular comic at one of the clubs was too sick to perform, Brooks started working as a stand-up comic, telling jokes and doing movie-star impressions. He also began acting in summer stock in Red Bank, New Jersey, and did some radio work.[20] He eventually worked his way up to the comically aggressive job of tummler at Grossinger's, one of the Borscht Belt's most famous resorts.[20][41]

In the years after the war, Brooks' hero was comedian Sid Caesar. Back in New York, Brooks would slink[42] around trying to catch Caesar in between meetings to pitch him joke ideas. Eventually Caesar cracked and paid Brooks a little cash to throw him gags....At 24, Brooks got his break as a full-time writer.[43]

Brooks found more rewarding work behind the scenes, becoming a comedy writer for television. In 1949, his friend Sid Caesar hired him to write jokes for the DuMont/NBC series The Admiral Broadway Revue,[44] paying him, off-the-books, $50 a week. In 1950, Caesar created the innovative variety comedy series Your Show of Shows and hired Brooks as a writer along with Carl Reiner, Neil Simon, Danny Simon, and head writer Mel Tolkin.[20] The writing staff proved widely influential.[45] Reiner, as creator of The Dick Van Dyke Show, based Morey Amsterdam's character Buddy Sorell on Brooks.[46] Likewise, the film My Favorite Year (1982) is loosely based on Brooks' experiences as a writer on the show including an encounter with the actor Errol Flynn.[47] Neil Simon's play Laughter on the 23rd Floor (1993) is also loosely based on the production of the show, and the character Ira Stone is based on Brooks.[48][49] Your Show of Shows ended in 1954 when performer Imogene Coca left to host her own show.[50]

Caesar then created Caesar's Hour with most of the same cast and writers (including Brooks and adding Woody Allen and Larry Gelbart). It ran from 1954 until 1957.[51][52] Brooks told The New York Times, "When I was a fledgling comedy writer working for Sid Caesar on Your Show of Shows, our head writer was Mel Tolkin... I really looked up to him. (By the way, I was 5-foot-7 and he was six feet tall.) He was a bona fide intellectual, thoroughly steeped in the traditions of great Russian literature. One day he handed me a book. He said to me, 'Mel, you're an animal from Brooklyn, but I think you have the beginnings of something called a mind.' The book was Dead Souls by the magnificent genius Nikolai Gogol. It was a revelation. I'd never read anything like it. It was hysterically funny and incredibly moving at the same time... It was a life-changing gift, and I still read it once a year to remind myself of what great comic writing can be."[53]

1958–1969: Rise to prominence

Brooks famously collaborated with Carl Reiner on "The 2000 Year Old Man" albums

Brooks and co-writer Reiner had become close friends and began to casually improvise comedy routines when they were not working. In October 1959, for a Random House book launch of Moss Hart's autobiography, Act One, at Mamma Leone’s, Mel Tolkin (standing in for Carl Reiner) and Mel Brooks performed, and it was later recalled by Kenneth Tynan.[54] Reiner played the straight-man interviewer and set Brooks up as anything from a Tibetan monk to an astronaut. As Reiner explained: "In the evening, we'd go to a party and I'd pick a character for him to play. I never told him what it was going to be."[20] On one of these occasions, Reiner's suggestion concerned a 2000-year-old man who had witnessed the crucifixion of Jesus Christ (who "came in the store but never bought anything"), had been married several hundred times and had "over forty-two thousand children, and not one comes to visit me". At first Brooks and Reiner only performed the routine for friends but, by the late 1950s, it gained a reputation in New York City. Kenneth Tynan saw the comedy duo perform at a party in 1959 and wrote that Brooks "was the most original comic improvisor I had ever seen".[20]

In 1960, Brooks, without his family, moved from New York to Hollywood, returning in 1961.[55] He and Reiner began performing the "2000 Year Old Man" act on The Steve Allen Show. Their performances led to the release of the comedy album 2000 Years with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks that sold over a million copies in 1961.[20] They eventually expanded their routine with two more albums in 1961 and 1962, a revival in 1973, a 1975 animated TV special, and a reunion album in 1998. At one point, when Brooks had financial and career struggles, the record sales from the 2000 Year Old Man were his chief source of income.[9] Brooks adapted the 2000 Year Old Man character to create the 2500-Year-Old Brewmaster for Ballantine Beer in the 1960s. Interviewed by Dick Cavett in a series of ads, the Brewmaster (in a German accent, as opposed to the 2000 Year Old Man's Yiddish accent) said he was inside the original Trojan horse and "could've used a six-pack of fresh air".[56]

Brooks was involved in the creation of the Broadway musical All American which debuted on Broadway in 1962. He wrote the play with lyrics by Lee Adams and music by Charles Strouse. It starred Ray Bolger as a southern science professor at a large university who uses the principles of engineering on the college's football team and the team begins to win games. It was directed by Joshua Logan, who script-doctored the second act and added a gay subtext to the plot. It ran for 80 performances and received two Tony Award nominations. The animated short film The Critic (1963), a satire of arty, esoteric cinema, was conceived by Brooks and directed by Ernest Pintoff. Brooks supplied running commentary as the baffled moviegoer trying to make sense of the obscure visuals. It won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film.

Don Adams with the iconic "Shoe Phone" in Get Smart

With comedy writer Buck Henry, Brooks created a TV comedy show titled Get Smart, about a bumbling James Bond–inspired spy. Brooks said, "I was sick of looking at all those nice sensible situation comedies. They were such distortions of life... I wanted to do a crazy, unreal comic-strip kind of thing about something besides a family. No one had ever done a show about an idiot before. I decided to be the first."[57] Starring Don Adams as Maxwell Smart, Agent 86, the series ran from 1965 until 1970, although Brooks had little involvement after the first season. It was highly rated for most of its production and won seven Emmy Awards,[58] including Outstanding Comedy Series in 1968 and 1969.

During a press conference for All American, a reporter asked, "What are you going to do next?" and Brooks replied, "Springtime for Hitler," perhaps riffing on Springtime for Henry.[59] For several years, Brooks toyed with a bizarre and unconventional idea about a musical comedy of Adolf Hitler.[60] He explored the idea as a novel and a play before finally writing a script.[20] He eventually found two producers to fund it, Joseph E. Levine and Sidney Glazier, and made his first feature film, The Producers (1968).[61]

The Producers was so brazen in its satire that major studios would not touch it, nor would many exhibitors. Brooks finally found an independent distributor who released it as an art film, a specialized attraction. At the 41st Academy Awards, Brooks won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film over fellow writers Stanley Kubrick and John Cassavetes.[62] The Producers became a smash underground hit, first on the nationwide college circuit, then in revivals and on home video. It premiered to a limited audience in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 22, 1967, before achieving a wide release in 1968. Peter Sellers personally championed the film, paying out of pocket to take out full page ads in Variety and The New York Times.[63] Brooks later adapted it into a musical along with his collaborator Thomas Meehan, which was hugely successful on Broadway and received an unprecedented 12 Tony awards. In 2000, Roger Ebert included The Producers in his canon of Great Movies, and remembered being in an elevator with Brooks and Anne Bancroft shortly after the movie was released: "A woman got on the elevator, recognized him and said, 'I have to tell you, Mr. Brooks, that your movie is vulgar.' Brooks smiled benevolently. 'Lady', he said, 'it rose below vulgarity.'"[64]

1970–1979: Career stardom

With the moderate financial success of the film The Producers, Glazier financed Brooks's next film, The Twelve Chairs (1970). Loosely based on Ilf and Petrov's 1928 Russian novel of the same name about greedy materialism in post-revolutionary Russia, it stars Ron Moody, Frank Langella and Dom DeLuise as three men individually searching for a fortune in diamonds hidden in a set of 12 antique chairs. Brooks makes a cameo appearance as an alcoholic ex-serf who "yearns for the regular beatings of yesteryear". The film was shot in Yugoslavia with a budget of $1.5 million. It received poor reviews and was not financially successful.[20]

Brooks collaborated with Gene Wilder on several films including Young Frankenstein and Blazing Saddles (both 1974)

Brooks then wrote an adaptation of Oliver Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer, but was unable to sell the idea to any studio and believed that his career was over. In 1972, he met agent David Begelman, who helped him set up a deal with Warner Bros. to hire Brooks (as well as Richard Pryor, Andrew Bergman, Norman Steinberg, and Alan Uger) as a script doctor for an unproduced script called Tex-X. Eventually, Brooks was hired as director for what became Blazing Saddles (1974), his third film.[20] Blazing Saddles starred Cleavon Little, Gene Wilder, Harvey Korman, Slim Pickens, Madeline Kahn, Alex Karras, and Brooks himself, with cameos by Dom DeLuise and Count Basie. It had music by Brooks and John Morris, and a modest budget of $2.6 million. A satire on the Western film genre, it references older films such as Destry Rides Again (1939), The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), High Noon (1952) and Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). In a surreal sequence towards the end, it references the extravagant musicals of Busby Berkeley.

Despite mixed reviews, Blazing Saddles was a success with younger audiences. It became the second-highest US grossing film of 1974, grossing $119.5 million in the United States and Canada. It was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Madeline Kahn, Best Film Editing, and Best Music, Original Song. It won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen; and in 2006 it was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. Brooks has said that the film "has to do with love more than anything else. I mean when that black guy rides into that Old Western town and even a little old lady says 'Up yours, nigger!', you know that his heart is broken. So it's really the story of that heart being mended."[20] Brooks described the film as "a Jewish western with a black hero."[65]

When Gene Wilder replaced Gig Young as the Waco Kid, he did so only when Brooks agreed that his next film would be a script[66] that Wilder had been working on: a spoof of the Universal series of Frankenstein films from several decades earlier. After the filming of Blazing Saddles was completed, Wilder and Brooks began writing the script for Young Frankenstein and shot it in the spring of 1974. It starred Wilder, Marty Feldman, Peter Boyle, Teri Garr, Madeline Kahn, Cloris Leachman and Kenneth Mars, with Gene Hackman in a cameo role. Brooks' voice can be heard three times: as the wolf howl when the characters are on their way to the castle; as the voice of Victor Frankenstein, when the characters discover the laboratory; and as the sound of a cat when Gene Wilder accidentally throws a dart out of the window in a scene with Kenneth Mars. Composer John Morris again provided the score, and Universal monsters special effects veteran Kenneth Strickfaden worked on the film.

Brooks in High Anxiety (1977)

Young Frankenstein was the third-highest-grossing film domestically of 1974, just behind Blazing Saddles with a gross of $86 million. It also received two Academy Award nominations for Adapted Screenplay and Best Sound. It received some of the best reviews of Brooks' career. Even notoriously hard-to-please critic Pauline Kael liked it, saying: "Brooks makes a leap up as a director because, although the comedy doesn't build, he carries the story through ... [He] even has a satisfying windup, which makes this just about the only comedy of recent years that doesn't collapse."[20] In 1975, at the height of his movie career, Brooks tried TV again with When Things Were Rotten, a Robin Hood parody that lasted only 13 episodes. Nearly 20 years later, in response to the 1991 hit film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Brooks mounted another Robin Hood parody, Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993). It resurrected several pieces of dialogue from his TV series, and from earlier Brooks films.

Brooks followed up his two hit films with an audacious idea: the first feature-length silent comedy in four decades. Silent Movie (1976) was written by Brooks and Ron Clark, and starred Brooks in his first leading role, with Dom DeLuise, Marty Feldman, Sid Caesar, Bernadette Peters, and in cameo roles playing themselves: Paul Newman, Burt Reynolds, James Caan, Liza Minnelli, Anne Bancroft, and the mime Marcel Marceau, who uttered the film's only word of audible dialogue: "Non!" It is an homage to silent comedians Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton, among others. It was not as successful as Brooks' previous two films but did gross $36 million. Later that year, he was named fifth on the Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll.[20] Reviews were generally favorable; Roger Ebert praised it as "not only funny, but fun. It's clear at almost every moment that the filmmakers had a ball making it." Regarding the film's inside jokes, Ebert wrote that "the thing about Brooks's inside jokes is that their outsides are funny, too."[67]

High Anxiety (1977), Brooks' parody of Freudian psychoanalysis, as well as the films of Alfred Hitchcock, was written by Brooks, Ron Clark, Rudy De Luca, and Barry Levinson, and was the first movie Brooks produced himself. Starring Brooks, Madeline Kahn, Cloris Leachman, Harvey Korman, Ron Carey, Howard Morris, and Dick Van Patten, it satirizes such Hitchcock films as Vertigo, Spellbound, Psycho, The Birds, North by Northwest, Dial M for Murder and Suspicion. Brooks plays Professor Richard H. (Harpo) Thorndyke, a Nobel Prize-winning psychologist who suffers from "high anxiety".[20]

1980–2001: Established career

Brooks in 1984

By 1980, Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert had referred to Mel Brooks and Woody Allen as "the two most successful comedy directors in the world today ... America's two funniest filmmakers".[68] Released that year was the dramatic film The Elephant Man directed by David Lynch and produced by Brooks. Knowing that anyone seeing a poster reading "Mel Brooks presents The Elephant Man" would expect a comedy, he set up the company Brooksfilms. It has since produced a number of non-comedy films, including Frances (1982), The Fly (1986), and 84 Charing Cross Road (1987) starring Anthony Hopkins and Anne Bancroft—as well as comedies, including Richard Benjamin's My Favorite Year (1982), partially based on Mel Brooks' real life. Brooks sought to purchase the rights to 84 Charing Cross Road for his wife, Anne Bancroft, for many years. He also produced the comedy Fatso (1980) that Bancroft directed.

In 1981, Brooks joked that the only genres that he hadn't spoofed were historical epics and Biblical spectacles.[20] History of the World Part I was a tongue-in-cheek look at human culture from the Dawn of Man to the French Revolution. Written, produced and directed by Brooks, with narration by Orson Welles, it was another modest financial hit, earning $31 million. It received mixed critical reviews. Critic Pauline Kael, who for years had been critical of Brooks, said, "Either you get stuck thinking about the bad taste or you let yourself laugh at the obscenity in the humor as you do Buñuel's perverse dirty jokes."[20]

Brooks produced and starred in (but did not write or direct) a remake of Ernst Lubitsch's 1942 film To Be or Not to Be. His 1983 version was directed by Alan Johnson and starred Brooks, Anne Bancroft, Charles Durning, Tim Matheson, Jose Ferrer and Christopher Lloyd. It generated international publicity by featuring a controversial song on its soundtrack—"To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap)"—satirizing German society in the 1940s, with Brooks playing Hitler.

The second movie Brooks directed in the 1980s was Spaceballs (1987), a parody of science fiction, mainly Star Wars. It starred Bill Pullman, John Candy, Rick Moranis, Daphne Zuniga, Dick Van Patten, Joan Rivers, Dom DeLuise, and Brooks.

In 1989, Brooks (with co-executive producer Alan Spencer) made another attempt at television success with the sitcom The Nutt House, featuring Brooks regulars Harvey Korman and Cloris Leachman. It was originally broadcast on NBC, but the network aired only five of the eleven produced episodes before canceling the series. During the next decade, Brooks directed Life Stinks (1991), Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993), and Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995). People magazine wrote, "Anyone in a mood for a hearty laugh couldn't do better than Robin Hood: Men in Tights, which gave fans a parody of Robin Hood, especially Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves."[69] Like Brooks' other films, it is filled with one-liners and the occasional breaking of the fourth wall. Robin Hood: Men in Tights was Brooks' second time exploring the life of Robin Hood (the first, as mentioned above, being his 1975 TV show When Things Were Rotten). Life Stinks was a financial and critical failure, but is notable as the only film Brooks directed that is neither a parody nor a film about other films or theater. (The Twelve Chairs was a parody of the original novel.)

2001–present

The Producers at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
The Producers on Broadway

Brooks' created the musical adaptation of his film The Producers on the Broadway in 2001. The production starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick received critical acclaim and was a significant box office success. The New York Times theatre critic Ben Brantley praised the production writing, "Mr. Brooks has taken what could have been overblown camp into a far warmer realm in which affection always outweighs irony."[70] The production broke the Tony Award record with 12 wins, a record previously held for 37 years by Hello, Dolly! with 10 wins including the Tony Award for Best Musical. It led to a 2005 big-screen version of the Broadway adaptation/remake with Lane, Broderick, Gary Beach, and Roger Bart reprising their stage roles, and new cast members Uma Thurman and Will Ferrell.

In early April 2006, Brooks began composing the score to a Broadway musical adaptation of Young Frankenstein, which he says is "perhaps the best movie [he] ever made". The world premiere was at Seattle's Paramount Theater, between August 7, 2007, and September 1, 2007, after which it opened on Broadway at the former Lyric Theater (then the Hilton Theatre), New York, on October 11, 2007. It earned mixed reviews from the critics. In the 2000s, Brooks worked on an animated series sequel to Spaceballs called Spaceballs: The Animated Series, which premiered on September 21, 2008, on G4 TV.

Brooks has also supplied vocal roles for animation. He voiced Bigweld, the master inventor, in the animated film Robots (2005), and in the later animated film Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014) he had a cameo appearance as Albert Einstein. He returned, to voice Dracula's father, Vlad, in Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)[71] and Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018). Brooks joked about the concept of a musical adaptation of Blazing Saddles in the final number in Young Frankenstein, in which the full company sings, "next year, Blazing Saddles!" In 2010, Brooks confirmed this, saying that the musical could be finished within a year; however, no creative team or plan has been announced.[72]

In 2021, at age 95, Brooks published a memoir titled All About Me![5] On October 18, 2021, it was announced that Brooks would write and produce History of the World, Part II, a follow-up TV series on Hulu to his 1981 movie.[73] He received a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance for his role as the narrator in the series.

Personal life

Brooks with wife Anne Bancroft at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival
Brooks with son Max in 2010

Brooks met Florence Baum,[74] a dancer in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, on Broadway.[75][76] They were married from 1953 until their divorce in 1962. They had three children: Stefanie, Nicholas, and Edward.[77]

According to David DeLuise on Wizards of Waverley Pod, Mel Brooks is his godfather. DeLuise's father Dom DeLuise was a frequent costar of Brooks in his earlier career.[78]

After earning a salary of $5,000 a week on Your Show of Shows and Caesar's Hour,[79] his salary dropped to $85 a week as a freelance writer. For five years he had few gigs, and was living in Greenwich Village on Perry Street in a fourth-floor walk-up.[59] In 1960, to escape his situation, Brooks moved in with a friend, in Los Angeles.[55] In 1961, after his return to New York, he found that Baum had begun suing him for legal separation. Marriage Is a Dirty Rotten Fraud[80] was an autobiographical script based on his marriage.[43][17] By 1966, Brooks was "living in a fairly old but comfortable New York town house".[56]

Brooks married actress Anne Bancroft in 1964, and they remained together for 41 years until her death in 2005.[81] They met at a rehearsal for the Perry Como Variety Show in 1961, and were married three years later on August 5, 1964, at the Manhattan Marriage Bureau.[81][82] Their son, Max Brooks, was born in 1972.[81][82]

In 2010, Brooks credited Bancroft as "the guiding force" behind his involvement in developing The Producers and Young Frankenstein for the musical theater, saying of an early meeting with her: "From that day, until her death ... we were glued together."[83] He has remained single since she died, stating in 2023 that "Once you are married to Anne Bancroft, others don't seem to be appealing".[84]

Brooks is a voracious reader; in a profile for The New Yorker, Kenneth Tynan describes "Brooks the secret connoisseur, worshiper of good writing, and expert on the Russian classics, with special reference to Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevski, and Tolstoy."[85] In The Producers, Bialystock refers to Bloom as "Prince Myshkin", a character from Dostoevsky's The Idiot. And the name Leo Bloom is a reference to Leopold Bloom, hero of Joyce's Ulysses.[86]

Regarding religion, Brooks stated:

I'm rather secular. I'm basically Jewish. But I think I'm Jewish not because of the Jewish religion at all. I think it's the relationship with the people and the pride I have. The tribe surviving so many misfortunes, and being so brave and contributing so much knowledge to the world and showing courage.[87]

On Jewish cinema, Brooks said:

They can be anything and anywhere ... if there's a tribal thing, like, the "please God, protect us" feeling ... we don't know where and how it's gonna come out. Avatar was a Jewish movie ... these people on the run, chasing—and being pursued.[88]

Brooks endorsed Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, in his first-ever public endorsement of a political candidate.[89]

Discography

Comedy specials

Soundtracks

Honors and legacy

Brooks at his Hollywood Walk of Fame ceremony in 2010

Brooks is one of the few people who have received an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy.[93] He won his first Grammy for Best Spoken Comedy Album in 1999 for his recording of The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000 with Carl Reiner. His two other Grammys came in 2002 for Best Musical Show Album for the cast album of The Producers and for Best Long Form Music Video for the DVD Recording the Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks. He won his first of four Emmy awards in 1967 for Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety for a Sid Caesar special, and won Emmys in 1997, 1998, and 1999 for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his role of Uncle Phil on Mad About You. He won his Academy Award for Original Screenplay (Oscar) in 1968 for The Producers. He won his three Tony awards in 2001 for his work on the musical The Producers, for Best Musical, Best Original Musical Score, and Best Book of a Musical.

Brooks also won a Hugo Award and Nebula Award for Young Frankenstein.[94] In a 2005 poll by Channel 4 to find The Comedian's Comedian, he was voted No. 50 of the top 50 comedy acts ever by fellow comedians and comedy insiders.[95]

The American Film Institute (AFI) lists three of Brooks' films on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list: Blazing Saddles (#6), The Producers (#11), and Young Frankenstein (#13).

On December 5, 2009, Brooks was one of five recipients of the 2009 Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC.[96] He was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 23, 2010, with a motion pictures star located at 6712 Hollywood Boulevard.[97][98] American Masters produced a biography on Brooks which premiered May 20, 2013, on PBS.[99] The AFI presented Brooks with its highest tribute, the AFI Life Achievement Award, in June 2013.[100][101] In 2014 Brooks was honored in a handprint and footprint ceremony at TCL Chinese Theatre. His concrete handprints include a six-fingered left hand as he wore a prosthetic finger when making his prints.[102] On March 20, 2015, he received a British Film Institute Fellowship from the British Film Institute.[103]

Citations

  1. ↑ Pringle, Gill (December 4, 2015). "Mel Brooks the comic genius says 'retirement is not an option'". The Independent. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  2. ↑ "History of the World Part II Series". Variety. October 18, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021. Brooks' comedy films are consistently ranked among the best of all time.
  3. ↑ "Sid Caesar: Mel Brooks and Woody Allen pay tribute". BBC News. February 13, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  4. ↑ Rottenberg, Josh (October 21, 2016). "Just give me the premise and get out of the way". Los Angeles Times – via Toronto Star.
  5. 1 2 Gross, Terry (December 7, 2021). "Mel Brooks says his only regret as a comedian is the jokes he didn't tell". NPR. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  6. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" (Press release). American Film Institute. June 14, 2000. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Cutler, Jacqueline (March 31, 2019). "Mel Brooks leaves audiences laughing — but not always the people he works with". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  8. ↑ "How to be a Jewish Son – or – My Son the Success!". David Susskind Show. Season 12. Episode 7. 1970. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Darrach, Brad (February 1975). "Mel Brooks: The Playboy Interview". The Stacks Reader. Playboy. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  10. ↑ "The cinematic Zionism of Mel Brooks". The Jerusalem Post. August 12, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  11. ↑ Berrin, Danielle (January 29, 2015). "Shmoozing with Mel Brooks, the 88-year-old man". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  12. ↑ Weitzmann, Deborah (June 28, 2011). "On this day: Mel Brooks is born". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  13. 1 2 Brooks, Mel (January 31, 2015). Mel Brooks Live at the Geffen (Television production). Los Angeles: Brooksfilms; distributed by Home Box Office.
  14. 1 2 Samuel Wynn, Mel Brooks Stand Up – Mel Brooks Live at the Geffen Stand Up Show, retrieved December 6, 2018
  15. ↑ Brooks, M. (2021). All about Me!: My Remarkable Life in Show Business. Random House Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-593-15911-8. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  16. ↑ Bauer, Jerry (February 1980). "Interview: Mel Brooks". Adelina Magazine. Rome. Archived from the original on July 22, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2022 – via Brookslyn.
  17. 1 2 Zemler, Emily (May 20, 2013). "Mel Brooks: A comedic torch to light the way". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Is Jerrod Carmichael the Funniest In His Family?". The Late Late Show with James Corden. CBS. September 25, 2015. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  19. ↑
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Wakeman, John (1988). World Film Directors, 1945–1985. Vol. 2. The H.W. Wilson Company. pp. 162–7. ISBN 978-0-824-20763-2.
  21. ↑ Freeman, Hadley (December 4, 2021). "Mel Brooks on losing the loves of his life: 'People know how good Carl Reiner was, but not how great'". The Guardian. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  22. ↑ Brooks, Mel; Kimmel, Jimmy (May 3, 2013). Jimmy Kimmel Live. Season 10. Episode 375. Los Angeles: Jackhole Productions; distributed by ABC and Chum Television.
  23. ↑ "25 fun and fascinating facts about Mel Brooks". American Film Institute. June 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  24. ↑ Robbins, Michael W.; Palitz, Wendy (2001). Brooklyn: A State of Mind. Workman Publishing Company. p. 114. ISBN 978-0761116356. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  25. ↑ Bianculli, David (2016). The Platinum Age of Television: From I Love Lucy to the Walking Dead, How TV Became Terrific. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN 978-0385540285.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brooks, Mel (April 28, 2022). "When Mel Brooks Learned Not to 'Shortcut' the Jam". HistoryNet. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vergun, David (December 29, 2021). "Actor, Comedian Mel Brooks Served in Army in World War II". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brooks, Mel (2021). All About Me!. Century. pp. 58–73. ISBN 978-1-529-13507-7.
  29. ↑ "Mel Brooks Blazes Wacky Trail". Weekend Edition Saturday. NPR. May 24, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
  30. ↑ Edwards, Jeff (December 24, 2015). "One of the Funniest Men Alive, Mel Brooks Spent WWII Clearing Land Mines". War History Online. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  31. ↑ Elhassan, Khalid (July 4, 2019). "Many Don't Know Mel Brooks was a WWII Warrior". History Collection. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Brooks, Mel, Cpl". army.togetherweserved.com. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  33. ↑ Christon, Lawrence (September 10, 2001). "'Producers' pic gains stature as time goes by". Variety. Retrieved September 29, 2022 – via Free Online Library.
  34. ↑ Enk, Bryan. "Real Life Tough Guys". Yahoo. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  35. ↑ "Historical Vignette 109 – Mel Brooks Was a Combat Engineer in World War II". US Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  36. ↑ Brooks, Mel (2021). All about Me!: My Remarkable Life in Show Business. Random House Publishing Group. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-593-15911-8.
  37. ↑ "Famous Veterans: Mel Brooks". Military.com. November 1, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  38. ↑ Crow, David (January 5, 2022). "Mel Brooks and His WW2 Sing-Off with German Soldiers". Den of Geek. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  39. ↑ "Mel Brooks On Anti-Semitism". CBS News. April 12, 2001. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  40. ↑ Jacob, Kornbluh (August 23, 2021). "The advice comedian Mel Brooks gave to his great nephew Todd Kaminsky, now running for Nassau County DA". The Forward. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  41. ↑ "8/15/01: Lost Issue Mel Brooks Interview 1997". Filmscoremonthly.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
  42. ↑ Breslin, Mark (July 18, 2019). "Mel Brooks: The other Jewish comedy legend". The Canadian Jewish News. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  43. 1 2 Yogerst, Chris (June 12, 2019). "Review: 'Funny Man' by Patrick McGilligan". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  44. ↑ "Mel Brooks – Timeline: 2000 Years of Mel Brooks". American Masters (PBS). February 1, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  45. ↑ "The Amazing Writing Team of Your Show of Shows". Brothers' Ink Productions. February 5, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  46. ↑ "13 Things You Didn't Know About The Dick Van Dyke Show". Neatorama. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  47. ↑ "My Favorite Year: A Mirror for Errol Flynn & Peter O'Toole's Hellraising". Den of Geek. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  48. ↑ Gerard, Jeremy (November 23, 1993). "Laughter on the 23rd Floor". Variety. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Review: ACT 1 delivers plenty of 'Laughter on the 23rd Floor'". The Tennessean. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  50. ↑ McFadden, Robert D. (June 3, 2001). "Imogene Coca, 92, Is Dead; a Partner in One of TV's Most Successful Comedy Teams". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  51. ↑ "'Caesar's Hour'…1954–57 – Eyes Of A Generation…Television's Living History". eyesofageneration.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  52. ↑ "Carl Reiner | American actor and filmmaker". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  53. ↑ "How 'Dead Souls' Taught Mel Brooks What Comedy Writing Could Be". The New York Times. November 13, 2022.
  54. ↑ Tynan, Kenneth (October 23, 1978). "Mel Brooks' Indestructible Comedy". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  55. 1 2 Collins, Elizabeth (March 23, 2021). "The Tragic Real-Life Story Of Mel Brooks". Grunge.com. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  56. 1 2 Siegel, Larry (October 1966). "Mel Brooks: The Playboy Interview". Ysos.sammigirl.com. Playboy. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  57. ↑ "Smart Money". Time. October 15, 1965. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  58. ↑ "Mel Brooks Emmy Nominated". Emmys.com. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  59. 1 2 Kashner, Sam (January 6, 2004). "The Making of The Producers". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  60. ↑ "Let There Be Laughter – Jewish Humor Around the World". Beit Hatfutsot. March 20, 2017. Archived from the original on October 25, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  61. ↑ "The Producers". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  62. ↑ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
  63. ↑ Mancini, Mark (May 19, 2016). "12 Outrageous Facts About The Producers". Mental Floss. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  64. ↑ Ebert, Roger (July 23, 2000). "The Producers". Chicago Sun-Times.
  65. ↑ Tynan, Kenneth (October 22, 1978). "Frolics and Detours of a Short Hebrew Man". The New Yorker.
  66. ↑ Boone, Brian (March 19, 2019). "Highlights From Mel Brooks Biography 'Funny Man'". Vulture.com. New York. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  67. ↑ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1976). "Silent Movie". Chicago Sun-Times.
  68. ↑ Siskel, Gene; Ebert, Roger (May 1, 1980). "Take 2: Who's Funnier: Mel Brooks or Woody Allen?". Sneak Previews. Season 4. Chicago. PBS.
  69. ↑ Novak, Ralph; Gliatto, Tom; Rozen, Leah (August 9, 1993). "Picks and Pans Review: Robin Hood: Men in Tights". People. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  70. ↑ Brantley, Ben (April 20, 2001). "THEATER REVIEW; A Scam That'll Knock 'Em Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
  71. ↑ Truitt, Brian (November 25, 2014). "Mel Brooks checks in for 'Hotel Transylvania 2'". USA Today. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  72. ↑ "Back on the Horse: Mel Brooks Penning Songs for Blazing Saddles Musical". Playbill. March 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 6, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  73. ↑ Walsh, Michael (October 18, 2021). "Hulu Orders Mel Brooks' HISTORY OF THE WORLD, PART II Series". Nerdist.
  74. ↑
    • "Fantasy Mansion Becomes an Inn". The New York Times. February 13, 1977. ...David Weisgal, the 44‐year‐old son of a wealthy philanthropist—a $235,000 fantasy that he could afford. Mr. Weisgal purchased the 33‐room mansion, situated on 21 acres of Berkshire pine forest and with Florence Brooks‐Dunay, his fiancée...
    • Huberdeau, Jennifer (September 22, 2016). "The Cottager: Wheatleigh, Where the Berkshires ends and Italian country begins". The Berkshire Eagle. Retrieved September 28, 2022. In 1976, Wheatleigh was sold to David Weisgal and his fiancee, Florence Brooks-Dunay, a professional dancer, for $235,000. They ran Wheatleigh as a country inn until 1982, when current owners Linfield and Susan Simon fell in love with the property and purchased it
  75. ↑
  76. ↑
  77. ↑ "Anne Bancroft and Mel Brooks Marriage". about.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  78. ↑ "Wizards of Waverly Pod – YouTube". YouTube.
  79. ↑ "About". Caesar's Writers. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  80. ↑ "Brooks, Mel. Typescript screenplay, 'Marriage is a Dirty Rotten Fraud' undated 126". Terry Southern papers. New York Public Library. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  81. 1 2 3 Silverman, Stephen M. "Mel Brooks and Anne Bancroft Shared Love and Laughs" People, May 19, 2013
  82. 1 2 Carter, Maria. "How Anne Bancroft and Mel Brooks Kept the Spark Alive for 41 Years" Country Living, August 9, 2017
  83. ↑ Carucci, John (February 3, 2010). "Mel Brooks Remembers Love Anne Bancroft: 'We Were Glued Together'". HuffPost. Associated Press. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  84. ↑ Dowd, Maureen (March 11, 2023). "Mel Brooks Isn't Done Punching Up the History of the World". The New York Times. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  85. ↑ Tynan, Kenneth (October 22, 1978). "Frolics and Detours of a Short Hebrew Man". The New Yorker.
  86. ↑ Karam, Edward (June 18, 2001). "Breaking the Code: An Insiders' Guide to the Parodies, Homages and Allusions in the Producers". Playbill.com.
  87. ↑ Woods, Sean (June 2013). "Mel Brooks Interview on Money, Women, Jokes, and Regret". Men's Journal. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  88. ↑ "Tablet Magazine". Tablet Magazine. June 28, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  89. ↑ Moreau, Jordan (October 21, 2020). "Mel Brooks Endorses Biden for President in First-Ever Political Video". Variety.
  90. ↑ Bernstein, Adam (July 1, 2020). "Carl Reiner, TV comedy pioneer and probing straight man to Mel Brooks, dies at 98". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  91. ↑ "Carl Reiner & Mel Brooks – 2000 And Thirteen". Discogs.com. 1973. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  92. ↑ "Carl Reiner & Mel Brooks – Excerpts From The Complete 2000 Year Old Man". Discogs.com. 1994. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  93. ↑ Simonson, Robert (June 4, 2001). "With Producers, Mel Brooks Has Won Tony, Oscar, Grammy and Emmy". Playbill. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
  94. ↑ Reginald, Robert (1981). Science Fiction & Fantasy Awards. Borgo Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0893709068. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Google Books.
  95. ↑ "Cook is voted comedians' comedian". Evening Standard. January 4, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  96. ↑ "Mel Brooks laughs his way to Kennedy Center honor". The Washington Post. December 6, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  97. ↑ "Hollywood Walk of Fame – Mel Brooks". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  98. ↑ "Mel Brooks gets Hollywood Walk of Fame star". Today.com. Associated Press. April 21, 2010. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  99. ↑ Trachtenberg, Robert (April 4, 2013). "Mel Brooks: Make a Noise". American Masters. Season 27. PBS.
  100. ↑ Lemire, Christy (October 5, 2012). "Mel Brooks to receive AFI life achievement honor". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  101. ↑ American Film Institute (2013). "AFI Life Achievement Award: Tribute to Mel Brooks". YouTube. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  102. ↑ Vulpo, Mike (September 9, 2014). "Mel Brooks Has 11 Fingers! Beloved Actor Makes an Impression During Hollywood Cement Ceremony". E!. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  103. ↑ "Mel Brooks gets BFI fellowship for comedy career". BBC News. March 20, 2015. Retrieved July 11, 2015.

General and cited references

  • Adler, Bill, and Jeffrey Feinman. Mel Brooks: The Irreverent Funnyman. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1976. OCLC 3121552.
  • Brooks, Mel; Keegan, Rebecca (October 18, 2016). Young Frankenstein: A Mel Brooks Book: The Story of the Making of the Film. Running Press. ISBN 978-0-316-31546-3.
  • Brooks, Mel. All About Me: My Remarkable Life in Show Business. New York: Ballantine, 2021.
  • Crick, Robert A. The Big Screen Comedies of Mel Brooks. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7864-1033-0. OCLC 49991416.
  • Holtzman, William. Seesaw, a Dual Biography of Anne Bancroft and Mel Brooks. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1979. ISBN 978-0-385-13076-9.
  • McGilligan, Patrick. Funny Man: Mel Brooks. Harper, 2019, ISBN 978-0062560995.
  • Parish, James Robert (2007). It's Good to Be the King: The Seriously Funny Life of Mel Brooks. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0471752677. OCLC 69331761.
  • Symons, Alex. Mel Brooks in the Cultural Industries: Survival and Prolonged Adaptation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-7486-4958-7. OCLC 806201078.
  • Yacowar, Maurice. Method in Madness: The Comic Art of Mel Brooks. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981. ISBN 978-0-312-53142-3. OCLC 7556005.
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