Mesocyclops
Mesocyclops ogunnus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Copepoda
Order: Cyclopoida
Family: Cyclopidae
Genus: Mesocyclops
G. O. Sars, 1914
Type species
Mesocyclops leuckarti
(Claus, 1857)[1]

Mesocyclops is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of Mesocyclops are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control.

Biological control

Individuals of Mesocyclops can be easily harvested, bred and released into freshwater containers where the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (the vector of Dengue fever) live.[2] A big advantage of the Mesocyclops is that it is possible to teach schoolchildren how to recognize and collect them so that communities are able to perform sustainable mosquito control without much professional or governmental assistance.

A field trial in Vietnam has shown that large-scale elimination of Aedes aegypti larvae is possible. Because Mesocyclops is a host for the parasitic round worm Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of dracunculiasis), this method is potentially hazardous in the small number of countries where the Guinea worm still occurs. Furthermore, many cultures have traditions and customs that forbid the introduction of animals into freshwater storage vessels as dangerous taboos.[3][4][5]

Species

The genus Mesocyclops contains 92 species and 2 species nomen dubium:[6]

  • Mesocyclops acanthoramus Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops aequatorialis Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops affinis van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops albicans (G. W. Smith, 1909)
  • Mesocyclops americanus Dussart, 1985
  • Mesocyclops annae Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops annulatus (Wierzejski, 1892)
  • Mesocyclops araucanus Löffler, 1962
  • Mesocyclops arcanus Defaye, 1995
  • Mesocyclops asiaticus Kiefer, 1932
  • Mesocyclops aspericornis (Daday, 1906)
  • Mesocyclops australiensis (G. O. Sars, 1908)
  • Mesocyclops augusti Papa & Holynska, 2013
  • Mesocyclops bernardi Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops bodanicola Kiefer, 1955
  • Mesocyclops borneoensis Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops bosumtwii Mirabdullayev, Sanful & Frempong, 2007
  • Mesocyclops brasilianus Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops brevisetosus Dussart & Sarnita, 1987
  • Mesocyclops brooksi Pesce, De Laurentiis & Humphreys, 1996
  • Mesocyclops chaci Fiers (in Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales), 1996
  • Mesocyclops cuttacuttae Dumont & Maas, 1985
  • Mesocyclops dadayi Holynska, 1997
  • Mesocyclops darwini Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops dayakorum Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops dissimilis Defaye & Kawabata, 1993
  • Mesocyclops dussarti van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops edax (Forbes, 1891)
  • Mesocyclops ellipticus Kiefer, 1936
  • Mesocyclops evadomingoi Gutierrez-Aguirre & Suarez-Morales, 2001
  • Mesocyclops ferjemurami Holynska & Nam, 2000
  • Mesocyclops francisci Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops friendorum Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops geminus Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops granulatus Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops guangxiensis Reid & Kay, 1992
  • Mesocyclops holynskae Karanovic, 2006
  • Mesocyclops insulensis Dussart, 1982
  • Mesocyclops intermedius Pesce, 1985
  • Mesocyclops iranicus Lindberg, 1936
  • Mesocyclops isabellae Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops jakartensis Alekseev (in Alekseev, Haffner, Vaillant & Yusoff), 2013
  • Mesocyclops kawamurai K. Kikuchi, 1940
  • Mesocyclops kayi Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops kieferi van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857)
  • Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912)
  • Mesocyclops major G. O. Sars, 1927
  • Mesocyclops mariae Guo, 2000
  • Mesocyclops medialis Defaye, 2001
  • Mesocyclops meridianus (Kiefer, 1926)
  • Mesocyclops meridionalis Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  • Mesocyclops microlasius Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops microspinulosus Lindberg, 1942
  • Mesocyclops monardi (Perret, 1925)
  • Mesocyclops mongoliensis Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops nigerianus Kiefer, 1932
  • Mesocyclops notius Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops obsoletus (Koch, 1838)
  • Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957
  • Mesocyclops paludosus Lindberg, 1956
  • Mesocyclops papuensis van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops paranaensis Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  • Mesocyclops parentium Holynska, 1997
  • Mesocyclops pehpeiensis Hu, 1943
  • Mesocyclops pescei Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops pilosus Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops pseudoannae van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops pseudomeridianus Defaye & Dussart, 1989
  • Mesocyclops pseudooperculatus (Lindberg, 1957)
  • Mesocyclops pseudospinosus Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops pubiventris Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops rarus Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops reidae Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops restrictus Dussart & Fernando, 1985
  • Mesocyclops ruttneri Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops salinus Onabamiro, 1957
  • Mesocyclops shenzhenensis Guo, 2000
  • Mesocyclops simillimus Brady, 1907
  • Mesocyclops sondoongensis Tran & Holynska, 2015
  • Mesocyclops spinosus van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops splendidus Lindberg, 1943
  • Mesocyclops strenuus (Daday, 1905)
  • Mesocyclops tenuisaccus (G. O. Sars, 1927)
  • Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops tobae Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops trispinosus (Shen & Tai, 1964)
  • Mesocyclops woutersi van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops wraniki Baribwegure & Dumont, 2000
  • Mesocyclops yenae Holynska, 1998
  • Mesocyclops yesoensis Ishida, 1999
  • Mesocyclops yutsil Reid in Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales, 1996
  • Mesocyclops cokeri Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (nomen dubium)
  • Mesocyclops forbesi Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987 (nomen dubium)
  • Mesocyclops brehmi Kiefer, 1927Thermocyclops brehmi (Kiefer, 1927)
  • Mesocyclops brevifurcatus Harada, 1931Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853)
  • Mesocyclops consimilis Kiefer, 1934Thermocyclops consimilis Kiefer, 1934
  • Mesocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853)Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853)
  • Mesocyclops curvatus Kiefer, 1981Mesocyclops salinus Onabamiro, 1957
  • Mesocyclops decipiens Kiefer, 1929Thermocyclops decipiens (Kiefer, 1929)
  • Mesocyclops delamarei Lescher-Moutoué, 1971Kieferiella delamarei (Lescher-Moutoué, 1971)
  • Mesocyclops dybowskii (Landé, 1890)Thermocyclops dybowskii dybowskii (Landé, 1890)
  • Mesocyclops emini (Mrázek, 1898)Thermocyclops emini (Mrázek, 1898)
  • Mesocyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)Metacyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
  • Mesocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg, 1880)Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg, 1880)
  • Mesocyclops ianthinus Harada, 1931Thermocyclops ianthinus Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops incisus Kiefer, 1932Thermocyclops incisus (Kiefer, 1932)
  • Mesocyclops infrequens Kiefer, 1929Thermocyclops infrequens (Kiefer, 1929)
  • Mesocyclops inopinus (Kiefer, 1926)Thermocyclops inopinus (Kiefer, 1926)
  • Mesocyclops inversus Kiefer, 1936Thermocyclops inversus (Kiefer, 1936)
  • Mesocyclops macracanthus Kiefer, 1929Thermocyclops macracanthus (Kiefer, 1929)
  • Mesocyclops maheensis Lindberg, 1941Thermocyclops maheensis Lindberg, 1941
  • Mesocyclops minutus Lowndes, 1934Thermocyclops minutus (Lowndes, 1934)
  • Mesocyclops neglectus G. O. Sars, 1909Thermocyclops neglectus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  • Mesocyclops nicaraguensis Herbst, 1960Mesocyclops edax (Forbes, 1891)
  • Mesocyclops oblongatus G. O. Sars, 1927Thermocyclops oblongatus (Sars G.O., 1927)
  • Mesocyclops oithonoides (G. O. Sars, 1863)Thermocyclops oithonoides (Sars G.O., 1863)
  • Mesocyclops operculifer Kiefer, 1930Thermocyclops operculifer Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops orghidani Plesa, 1981Thermocyclops orghidani (Plesa, 1981)
  • Mesocyclops rectus Lindberg, 1937Thermocyclops rectus (Lindberg, 1937)
  • Mesocyclops retroversus Kiefer, 1929Thermocyclops retroversus (Kiefer, 1929)
  • Mesocyclops rylovi Smirnov, 1928Thermocyclops rylovi rylovi (Smirnov, 1928)
  • Mesocyclops schmeili (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)Thermocyclops schmeili (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)
  • Mesocyclops schuurmanae Kiefer, 1928Thermocyclops schuurmanae (Kiefer, 1928)
  • Mesocyclops spinifer (Daday, 1902)Mesocyclops annulatus (Wierzejski, 1892)
  • Mesocyclops taihokuensis Harada, 1931Thermocyclops taihokuensis Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops tenellus (G. O. Sars, 1909)Tropocyclops tenellus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  • Mesocyclops tenuis (Marsh, 1910)Thermocyclops tenuis (Marsh, 1910)
  • Mesocyclops tinctus (Lindberg, 1936)Thermocyclops tinctus Lindberg, 1936
  • Mesocyclops trichophorus Kiefer, 1930Thermocyclops trichophorus Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops varius Dussart, 1987Mesocyclops brasilianus Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops venezolanus Dussart, 1987Mesocyclops brasilianus Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops vermifer Lindberg, 1935Thermocyclops vermifer Lindberg, 1935
  • Mesocyclops vizarae Fryer, 1957Thermocyclops vizarae (Fryer, 1957)

References

  1. Mária Holynski & Frank Fiers (January 1994). "Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides species-group: redefinition and content". Hydrobiologia. 292: 41–51. doi:10.1007/BF00229921. S2CID 11615915.
  2. "Water bug aids dengue fever fight". BBC News. February 11, 2005. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  3. B. Kay & S. N. Vu (2005). "New strategy against Aedes aegypti in Vietnam". The Lancet. 365 (9459): 613–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17913-6. PMID 15708107. S2CID 9636774.
  4. S. N. Vu; T. Y. Nguyen; V. P. Tran; et al. (January 2005). "Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in central Vietnam". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 72 (1): 67–73. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.67. PMID 15728869.
  5. G. G. Marten & J. W. Reid (2007). "Cyclopoid copepods". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 23 (2 Suppl): 65–92. doi:10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[65:CC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17853599. S2CID 7645668.
  6. T. Chad Walter (2018). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Mesocyclops Sars G.O., 1914". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
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