Mounted cavalry during a parade in September 2018

This article presents all the military parades held in Azerbaijan since the establishment of the first Azerbaijani nation in 1918. Currently, the semi-annual Day of the Armed Forces parade on 26 June is one of the biggest held in the former Soviet Union. All military parades consist of officers and personnel of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the State Security Service, the State Border Service, the National Guard and the Special State Protection Service.

Azerbaijani Democratic Republic (1918-1920)

On 15 September 1918, divisions of the Ottoman Empire marched into Baku in a victory parade reviewed by the command of the Third Army, with Nuri Killigil (founder and commander of the Islamic Army of the Caucasus) in attendance.[1][2] The first military parade in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was held on May 28, 1919, in honor of the founding of the ADR. The parade was held in the area of the current Museum Centre.[3] The parade coincided with the Republic Day holiday.

Soviet Azerbaijan (1920-1991)

Prior to 1991, Baku hosted military parades as well as civil demonstrations in honor of national holidays in the Soviet Union such as October Revolution Day and International Workers' Day. During the 1967 October Revolution Parade on Lenin Square, the parade was opened by a guard of honor instead of drummers, one of the first cities to do that in their annual parade.[4] In 1970, the Azerbaijan SSR celebrated the golden jubilee (50th anniversary) of its founding. It was celebrated with a military parade of the 4th Army in October of that year. The parade was planned for April, the month the republic was declared, but was postponed due to the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin which took place earlier that month. In attendance was the Minister of Defence, Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrei Grechko.[5]

The BVOKU Honor Guard during a parade in Baku in 1966.

Overview and full order of Soviet era parades

The leadership of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan were the main guests at Soviet era parades, with the First Secretary being the particular guest of honour. The parade inspector was traditionally the commander of the Soviet 4th Army, while the commander was the commander of troops of the Baku Air Defense District (Dmitry Yazov and Fedor Olifirov being notable examples of both respective roles). After the holiday speech, the State Anthem of the Soviet Union and the Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic are typically performed by the massed bands.[6]

The full order of the parade is as follows:[6]

Preparation for the parade usually began two months in advance at the local unit barracks, with participants often preparing up to two hours a day for the parade.[6]

Azerbaijani Republic (1991-present)

Overview

The guest of honor at most parades is the President of Azerbaijan (attending as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces), who arrives at around 10am to the top of Government House to the tune of a fanfare after which he receives the Defense Minister's report. After this, the massed bands of the Baku Garrison perform the Azərbaycan marşı, after which the President then delivers the holiday address to the armed services. Following the address, an MC (which for the past six parades has been Honored Worker of Azerbaijan Colonel Abdullah Gurbani[7]) gives a special holiday greeting and historical address before the parade commander (usually the Commander of the Baku Military Unit) orders the parade to begin the march past in quick time:[8]

The parade also includes a fleet review.

By holiday

Special Forces of Azerbaijan

Armed Forces Day

The second parade in history was held on October 9, 1992, and was the first one held since the restoration of independence. It was held on Azadlig square in honor of the anniversary of the one year anniversary of the establishment of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It was the first and only Azerbaijani military parade to follow the Soviet era format which included the inspection by the defense minister and the three-fold Oorah by the troops. The parade was presided by President Abulfaz Elchibey and defense minister Rahim Gaziyev.[9][10] The parade, which was also commanded by Major General Nuraddin Sadigov, featured a limited number of military equipment and at end of the event, paratroopers jumped from helicopters on the square.[11] Preparations for the parade took less than a month and included two companies serving in the area of hostilities, which immediately after the parade returned to Nagorno-Karabakh.[12] During the parade held in Nakhchivan, future president Heydar Aliyev and chairman of the legislature said the following: "Every year for 70 years, we have participated in the celebrations of the armed forces of the former Soviet Union. But today's holiday is a source of great pride in the heart of each of us. We are in great joy. Because the people of Azerbaijan have finally created a national army to defend their state, their nation, their homeland".[13]

The third military parade was held on June 26, 2008, as part of the armed forces 90th-anniversary celebrations. It was the first one held since 1992. This parade for the first time, included some Turkish parade elements during the ceremony, such as the use of guidons and the greeting Salam askerler which literally means Hello Soldiers in the English language. Around 4,500 military personnel, as well as dozens of various types of military equipment were displayed at the parade.[14]

The fourth military parade took place on June 26, 2011, in honor of the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the independence of Azerbaijan and the 93rd anniversary of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. Nearly 6,000 troops were attended at the parade.[15]

The fifth military parade was held on June 26, 2013, on the occasion of the 95th anniversary of the Armed Forces.

The sixth military parade was held on June 26, 2018, in Azadlig Square on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Armed Forces. A Turkish Army formation (led by Captain Goja Arsoy), as well as a group of Turkish Air Force fighter jets took part in the parade.[16]

War victory celebrations (2020-present)

On 10 December 2020, a victory parade was held in honor of the Azerbaijani victory in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.[17] A group of the military servicemen who distinguished themselves during the Patriotic War (how the conflict is referred to in Azerbaijan) marched in the parade and showcase military equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles and aircraft, as well as war trophies. 3,000 servicemen marched in the parade, which included a contingent from Turkish Special Forces Command march on the square.[18][19][20] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan attended as part of a state visit to Baku.[21][22][23] A military spokesperson described it as "the first important event in the history of Azerbaijan’s development, since the Victory Parade has never taken place in Azerbaijan and Freedom Square has never seen the Victory Parade".[24] In response to reports by Armenian social media that Armenian captives would take part in the parade, the State Security Service of Azerbaijan rejected the information as false saying that "humiliating prisoners of war is not a characteristic of the Azerbaijani people and our victorious army".[25]

Parades also take place to honor the war victory with parades on 8 November, the official Victory Day marking the end of the war. The third anniversary of the victory was timed to coincide with a military parade held on the Veratsnound in central Khankendi after the complete transfer of Nagorno-Karabakh to the control of Azerbaijan during the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Other holidays

In October 2017, a military parade was held through the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in honor of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the first military unit. It also coincided with that 26th anniversary of the restoration of independence. The event was attended by the President of Nakhchivan Vasif Talibov and Azerbaijani Defense Minister Zakir Hasanov.[26][27][28]

In September 2018, a parade was held that celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Ottoman–Azerbaijani victory in the 1918 Battle of Baku. Being a joint celebration between Azerbaijan and Turkey, the massed bands of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan performed the İstiklal Marşı and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan attended the military parade as the guest of honor as well as delivered a keynote address with President Aliyev. Alongside military personnel were troops of the Turkish Armed Forces who had participated in an armed forces parade earlier that year.[29]

Presidents Ilham Aliyev and Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

On 19 November, the city of Sumgayit held a parade in honor of the 70th anniversary of its founding in front of the Executive Power building of the city. During the parade, the Azerbaijani flag was carried on the shoulders of servicemen, with personnel of the Rapid Reaction Unit of the State Border Service demonstrating their combat skills.[30]

Other smaller scale military parades are held on different occasions in Baku and other parts of the country. These parades are commonly held on major holidays such as Republic Day (28 May), Victory Day (9 May), Independence Day (18 October). On the Victory Day holiday, the parade is held at the monument to Major General Hazi Aslanov. On the occasion of Republic Day, personnel of the units of the Baku Garrison march through the streets of Baku.[31]

2011

2013

September 2018

References

  1. ↑ Armenia. University of California Press. 1918.
  2. ↑ Suny, Ronald Grigor (2019-03-12). The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-65703-5.
  3. ↑ "Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələrinin yaranmasından 102 il ötür". Vergilər Qəzeti (in Azerbaijani). 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
  4. ↑ "Четвертый батальон БВОКУ - Военные парады 1964-1968 г.г."
  5. ↑ "Четвертый батальон БВОКУ - Статья о БВОКУ (2)".
  6. 1 2 3 "Четвертый батальон БВОКУ - Военные парады". kombat-bvoku.com. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
  7. ↑ "Abdulla Qurbani: Ali Baş Komandanın Silahlı Qüvvələrimizə yüksək qayğısı Azərbaycan əsgərini daha böyük qələbələrə ruhlandırır".
  8. ↑ "В Баку прошел торжественный военный парад по случаю 100-летия Вооруженных сил Азербайджана На военном параде присутствовал Президент Азербайджана, Верховный главнокомандующий Ильхам Алиев - ВИДЕО". МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБОРОНЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  9. ↑ "В Азербайджане впервые за 16 лет пройдет военный парад".
  10. ↑ Azərbaycan silahlı qüvvələrinin ilk hərbi paradı (in Azerbaijani), retrieved 2020-07-28
  11. ↑ musavat.com https://musavat.com/news/azerbaycan-silahli-quvvelerinin-ilk-herbi-paradindan-20-il-otur_134365.html?d=1. Retrieved 2020-07-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "Площадь Свободы" (газета). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ↑ "Naxçıvanda ilk milli hərbi hissənin yaradılmasının 25-ci ildönümü qeyd olunub, hərbi parad keçirilib".
  14. ↑ "AZERBAIJAN MILITARY PARADE MARKS 90th ANNIVERSARY OF ARMED FORCES". azertag.az. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  15. ↑ Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic. "Ilham Aliyev attended the grand military parade on the occasion of the 93rd anniversary of the Armed Forces". en.president.az. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  16. ↑ "В Баку для участия в параде прибыла рота турецких военных" (in Russian). 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  17. ↑ "Baku preparing for grandiose Victory Parade – VIDEO". www.azerbaycan24.com. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  18. ↑ "Azerbaijanis eager to witness victory parade".
  19. ↑ "Preparatory training for the military parade dedicated to the Victory in the Patriotic War is being conducted - VIDEO". MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  20. ↑ "Karabakh war Victory Parade to be held in Azerbaijan on December 10". vestnikkavkaza.net. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  21. ↑ "Единение характеров. В Азербайджане объяснили участие Эрдогана в параде победы". Национальная Служба Новостей - НСН (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  22. ↑ "Эрдоган приедет на парад победы в Баку: мнение политолога". 360tv.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  23. ↑ sabah, daily (2020-12-03). "Erdoğan to visit Azerbaijan to attend Nagorno-Karabakh victory parade". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  24. ↑ "Victory Parade will be remembered for its grandiosity for many years - Military expert". www.azerbaycan24.com. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  25. ↑ MENAFN. "Humiliating prisoners of war is not characteristic of Azerbaijani people - State Security Service". menafn.com. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  26. ↑ "Nakhchivan marks 25th anniversary of establishment of first military unit, holds military parade".
  27. ↑ "Military parade held in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan [PHOTO]". 19 October 2017.
  28. ↑ "Naxçıvanda ilk milli hərbi hissənin yaradılmasının 25-ci ildönümü qeyd olunub, hərbi parad keçirilib-YENİLƏNİB".
  29. ↑ "Solemn military parade held in Baku to mark 100th anniversary of Azerbaijani Armed Forces President, Commander-in-Chief Ilham Aliyev attended the parade VIDEO". azertag.az. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  30. ↑ Azvision. "Sumqayıtın 70 illik yubileyi qeyd olunub - FOTOREPORTAJ". azvision.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  31. ↑ "Баку: марш по случаю Дня Республики".
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