Mimi Walters
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 45th district
In office
January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2019
Preceded byJohn B. T. Campbell III
Succeeded byKatie Porter
Member of the California State Senate
In office
December 1, 2008 – January 3, 2015
Preceded byDick Ackerman
Succeeded byJohn Moorlach
Constituency33rd district (2008–2012)
37th district (2012–2015)
Member of the California State Assembly
from the 73rd district
In office
December 6, 2004 – November 30, 2008
Preceded byPatricia Bates
Succeeded byDiane Harkey
Personal details
Born
Marian Elaine Krogius

(1962-05-14) May 14, 1962
Pasadena, California, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseDavid Walters
Children4
EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles (BA)

Marian Elaine "Mimi" Walters (née Krogius; born May 14, 1962) is an American businesswoman and politician. A Republican, she served from 2015 to 2019 as the U.S. representative for California's 45th congressional district.

Before running for office, Walters was an investment banker from 1988 to 1995, and served as chairwoman of the Laguna Niguel Investment and Banking Committee.[1][2] She then served two terms on the Laguna Niguel City Council from 1996 to 2004, serving as Mayor in 2000, before representing the 73rd Assembly district in the California State Assembly from 2004 to 2008. She was subsequently elected to the California State Senate, representing the 33rd Senate district from 2008 to 2012 and the 37th Senate district from 2012 to 2015.

Walters was elected to represent California's 45th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives in 2014, and was re-elected in 2016. She ran for a third term in the 2018 mid-term elections, but was defeated by Democrat Katie Porter.[3]

Early life and education

In 1962, Walters was born as Marian Elaine Krogius in Pasadena, California. Walters' father is Tristan Krogius.[4] Walters graduated from Dana Hills High School (1980) before earning a Bachelor of Arts in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1984.[5]

Career

Walters was an investment banker from 1988 to 1995.[2] She was an investment executive at the firm of Drexel Burnham Lambert, and later joined the firm of Kidder, Peabody, & Co.[5][1]

Laguna Niguel City Council

After serving as chair of Laguna Niguel's Investment and Banking Committee, Walters was appointed to the Laguna Niguel City Council in 1996, after the recently re-elected incumbent Thomas W. Wilson resigned to be appointed to the Orange County Board of Supervisors.[1] Walters served as mayor in 2000,[5] and was elected to a second term that same year.

During her time on the City Council, Walters also served on the El Toro Reuse Planning Authority, and opposed efforts to convert Marine Corps Air Station El Toro into a commercial airport.[4]

California State Assembly

In 2004, Walters was elected to represent the 73rd Assembly District, which includes the coastal Orange and San Diego county communities of Laguna Niguel, Laguna Hills, Oceanside, Dana Point, San Clemente, San Juan Capistrano, and Aliso Viejo.[6] Her term ran from January 2005 to January 2007. In November 2006, she was re-elected to a second term in the Assembly.[7]

California State Senate

Walters was elected to the State Senate in November 2008.[7]

In 2013, the California Fair Political Practices Commission cleared Walters of wrongdoing in a conflict of interest investigation "into phone calls made by her office on behalf of a company once co-owned by her husband".[8]

2010 California State Treasurer election

In January 2010, Walters announced that she would run for California State Treasurer against Democratic incumbent Bill Lockyer.[9] Walters became the Republican nominee for State Treasurer, but lost to Lockyer in the general election.[10]

2012 California State Senate race

Democratic candidate and trial lawyer Steve Young filed an unsuccessful civil lawsuit in an attempt to keep Walters' name off of the 2012 ballot. Young's lawsuit challenged Walters' residency in the 37th District; after the California Citizens Redistricting Commission re-drew the state's legislative districts in 2011, Walters announced that she had moved from Laguna Nigel to Irvine, in order to be eligible to run in the 37th Senate District.[11]

U.S. House of Representatives

Walters during the 115th Congress

Elections

2014

On July 2, 2013, Walters formally announced her candidacy for Congress, to replace Congressman John B. T. Campbell III, who announced he would not be seeking another term.[12]

She was endorsed by a number of Republican members of Congress from California, including Campbell, Kevin McCarthy, Darrell Issa, and Ed Royce.[13] Prior to the 2014 election, she set up the Blessings of Liberty Leadership PAC.[14]

Walters was placed in the National Republican Congressional Committee's (NRCC) "Contender" category of their "Young Guns" program.[15] In September 2014, the NRCC named Walters along with 13 other candidates to their "Vanguard" program.[16] In the non-partisan blanket primary, she came in first place in a field of three candidates, with 45% of the vote. In the general election, she defeated Democratic candidate Drew Leavens with 65% of the vote.[17]

2016

In November 2016, Walters won re-election by 17 points over her Democratic opponent, Ron Varasteh.[18] For the campaign, Walters raised over $2 million.[19]

2018

Walters ran for re-election in 2018. She and Democrat Katie Porter advanced out of the top-two primary in June 2018. Walters and Porter, a consumer lawyer and UC Irvine law professor, faced off in the general election on November 6, 2018.[20]

In May 2018, Politico reported that Democrats were confident they would oust Walters, given that in 2016, Hillary Clinton had carried the 45th district, writing that Walters had "backed some of the most polarizing planks of President Donald Trump's agenda", and that Walters was "upbeat about surviving the much-predicted Democratic wave". Politico noted her support for a popular November ballot referendum. "The only reason I'm a target is because Hillary Clinton won my district", said Walters. "I got 37,000 more votes than President Trump did."[21]

In September 2018, the Congressional Leadership Fund (CLF), the largest Republican super PAC active in U.S. House races, announced a $400,000 ad buy in support of Walters' campaign.[22] In October 2018, the Los Angeles Times reported that the CLF had not purchased advertisements for Walters in its opening round of broadcast television advertising buys in Southern California.[23] The CLF pushed back on the Los Angeles Times report, saying they had reserved over $3 million in Walters' district and had begun advertising there in August.[24]

At the end of election night, Walters was in the lead, but over the following days, Porter gained votes and eventually overtook Walters as more ballots were counted. In fund-raising e-mails sent to supporters, Walters made unsubstantiated claims of fraud, alleging that Democrats were seeking to "steal" her seat by tampering with votes.[25][26][27]

On November 15, 2018, the Associated Press called the race for Porter.[28]

Committee assignments

Electoral history

California's 45th congressional district election, 2014
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mimi Walters 39,631 45.1
Democratic Drew E. Leavens 24,721 28.1
Republican Greg Raths 21,284 24.2
No party preference Al Salehi 2,317 2.6
Total votes 87,953 100.0
General election
Republican Mimi Walters 106,083 65.1
Democratic Drew E. Leavens 56,819 34.9
Total votes 162,902 100.0
Republican hold
California's 45th congressional district election, 2016
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mimi Walters (incumbent) 65,773 40.9
Democratic Ron Varasteh 44,449 27.6
Republican Greg Raths 30,961 19.2
Democratic Max Gouron 19,716 12.3
Total votes 160,899 100.0
General election
Republican Mimi Walters (incumbent) 182,618 58.6
Democratic Ron Varasteh 129,231 41.4
Total votes 311,849 100.0
Republican hold
California's 45th congressional district election, 2018[31][32]
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mimi Walters (incumbent) 86,764 51.7
Democratic Katie Porter 34,078 20.3
Democratic Dave Min 29,979 17.8
Democratic Brian Forde 10,107 6.0
No party preference John Graham 3,817 2.3
Democratic Kia Hamadanchy 3,212 1.9
Total votes 167,957 100.0
General election
Democratic Katie Porter 158,906 52.1
Republican Mimi Walters (incumbent) 146,383 47.9
Total votes 305,289 100.0
Democratic gain from Republican

Political positions

The American Conservative Union gave Walters an 89% evaluation in 2017.

Abortion and Planned Parenthood

Walters opposed abortion, but had de-emphasized the issue during her political campaigns.[33] In 2015, during her freshman term, she served on the Select Panel to Investigate Planned Parenthood.[34]

Cannabis

Walters had a "D" rating from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, an advocacy group supporting the legalization of marijuana.[35][36][37]

Donald Trump

In July 2016, FiveThirtyEight labeled Walters an "Eager Unifier", for having endorsed Trump wholeheartedly, but not until after the Indiana primary.[38][39]

In February 2017, Walters voted against a resolution that would have directed the House to request 10 years of Trump's tax returns, which would then have been reviewed by the House Ways and Means Committee in a closed session.[40]

FiveThirtyEight had found that Walters voted with President Trump 99% of the time, and was the eighth-most partisan Trump supporter in the House, when compared to her district's voting patterns.[41]

Federal taxation legislation of 2017

In November 2017, Walters voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the house version of the Republican Party's tax reform bill.[42][43] The House bill removed state and local tax breaks that many Californians used, such as the mortgage interest deduction.[43] Several House Republicans representing Californian districts voted against the legislation because it raised taxes on Californians.[43] Walters said after the vote that she had received assurances from House Speaker Paul Ryan that a reconciliation version of the bill with the Senate would restore the lost tax breaks that had been removed in the House version.[43] According to the Los Angeles Times, immediately after the vote, the Senate version of the bill "contains even deeper cuts to state and local tax breaks that are popular with California's, but maintains the mortgage interest deduction at its current level, instead of cutting it in half, as the House plan does. It also repeals Obamacare's individual mandate, a move that could further complicate the situation for California members who represent districts with a lot of Obamacare enrollees."[43]

Environment

In 2015, Walters sponsored and voted for H.R. 1732, a bill that opposed the Waters of the United States rule, which expands the federal government's jurisdiction to regulate waters and certain adjacent lands.[44]

Also in 2015, Walters voted to repeal the limits on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants set by the Clean Power Plan. "Forcing a shift away from traditional energy resources", she explained, "would ultimately stifle the economy for years to come and harm consumers' pocketbooks." Walters also co-sponsored the Stopping EPA Overreach Act of 2017, which became law, and which declares that there is no legal requirement to regulate global warming.[45]

Walters was originally a climate change denier, but she began to shift her views after meeting with the Orange County Central chapter of the Citizens' Climate Lobby in 2014. After they explained to her how the market-based approach of carbon fee and dividend could have a positive impact on the climate, without expanding government, Walters replied, "You guys are doing it the right way". In July 2017, Walters voted to veto the Perry Amendment, which would have de-funded Defense Department efforts to track climate change and its threats to military bases.[46]

In October 2017, after President Trump pulled out of the Paris Agreement, "Walters officially changed from a climate-change skeptic to a believer ... and joined the Congressional Climate Solutions Caucus".[47][48]

Health care

Walters supported the repeal of Obamacare, and voted in 2015 for H.R. 596, the House bill to repeal Obamacare.[49] She also voted for H.R. 3762, the Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act, which would have repealed Obamacare.[50]

Walters supported repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act (known as Obamacare) with the American Health Care Act, the GOP's replacement plan for Obamacare, which did not come to a vote initially.[51][52] She said that passing the American Health Care Act "is a critical step" towards the goal of rescuing "this failing health-care system".[53]

On May 4, 2017, Walters voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass the American Health Care Act.[54][55] In early 2017, Walters tweeted that she was "committed to protecting patients w/ pre-existing conditions to ensure their access to quality, affordable health care".[56] However, USA Today noted that the version of the American Health Care Act that she voted in favor of allows insurance companies to charge higher premiums to individuals with pre-existing conditions (such as cancer, epilepsy, diabetes, and pregnancy).[56] Walters was an original co-sponsor of H.R. 4684, the Access to Quality Sober Living Act, which would require the Department of Health and Human Services to establish best practices for sober living facilities for opioid addicts. This legislation was written after a subcommittee hearing exposed scams at such facilities.[57]

Gun control

A May 2018 profile of Walters referred to her long-time "reputation as a gun-rights advocate". In the State Assembly, "she twice voted against bills requiring the micro-stamping of bullets from automatic firearms", against "background checks for ammunition buyers", against a ban on "large-capacity conversion kits", and against "prohibiting people under domestic violence restraining orders from obtaining firearms". But during her years in the House, "California voters' concerns about school shootings had risen dramatically, with 73 percent of respondents admitting they were worried about a mass shooting at their public school", with high-school students in Walters's district holding gun violence protests.[48]

Keystone pipeline

Walters voted in support of the Keystone XL Pipeline Act (H.R. 3) in 2015.[58]

LGBT rights

As an Assemblywoman, Walters endorsed Proposition 8, which declared same-sex marriage illegal in the state of California.[59] Then-Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D-MD) named Walters as one of seven Republican representatives who switched their votes regarding a bill upholding an executive order prohibiting defense contractors from discriminating against people based on their sexual orientation. The identities of the seven vote-switchers were not publicly recorded, and none of those named by Hoyer confirmed his claims.[60] PBS NewsHour reported that, under shouts of "shame", Walters voted against this protection, which ended up narrowly failing.[61]

Military

In January 2018, Walters voted for H.R. 695, the 2018 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, saying that she had acted to "fully fund the Department of Defense to ensure our men and women in uniform have the tools and resources they need to keep our country safe... It is imperative our armed forces are properly equipped and ready to meet current and future challenges."[62]

Nuclear waste

In March 2018, Walters signed a bi-partisan letter in support of funding to re-start the licensing process for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. "Just south of California's 45th district", she stated, "1,800 tons of spent nuclear fuel sits at the inactive San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS). Unfortunately, our Nation's nuclear waste management system is broken, and spent fuel sits at nuclear sites like Songs, with nowhere to go. By law, the Federal government is obligated to take ownership of, and safely store, spent fuel at a permanent repository."[63]

Strikes

In 2014, Walters voted for a bill in committee that banned public transit workers from going on strike.[64]

Human trafficking

In February 2018, the House passed H.R. 1865, the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA), introduced by Walters, Ann Wagner (R-Missouri), and Carolyn Maloney (D-New York). It included an amendment written by Walters that would permit enforcement of criminal and civil sex trafficking laws against websites that facilitate online sex trafficking. The amended legislation passed with bi-partisan support.[65]

Personal life

Walters is married, and has four children.[2] In 2010, financial disclosure forms showed that Mimi Walters' holdings include between $100,000 and $1 million in Goldman Sachs.[9] A 2017 congressional financial disclosure form showed Walters' had holdings in Boustead Securities, Laguna Advisory Services, and an apartment building in Encinitas, California.[66] Walters is a Catholic.[67]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Messina, Frank (December 19, 1996). "Council Names Walters to Seat Wilson Vacated". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 "Mimi Walters' background". Los Angeles Times. May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Rep. Mimi Walters defeated in once-red Orange County, Calif., district". Washington Post. November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. 1 2 Moxley, R. Scott (July 29, 1999). "This Is War?". OC Weekly. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 "Mimi Walters Biography". house.gov. December 11, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  6. ↑ "California-45: Mimi Walters". National Journal. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  7. 1 2 "Rep. Mimi Walters, R-Calif". Roll Call. Congressiona Quarterly. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  8. ↑ "State Sen. Walters cleared in conflict investigation". Orange County Register. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  9. 1 2 Goldmacher, Shane (October 29, 2010). "Actions of two top state treasurer hopefuls raise questions". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  10. ↑ "2010 State Treasurer General Election Results". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  11. ↑ Joseph, Brian (October 22, 2012). "Mimi Walters' name to remain on ballot". Orange County Register. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Mimi Walters Formally Enters Congressional Race in 45th District - Mimi Walters for U.S. Representative". Mimi Walters. July 2, 2013. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Endorsements - Mimi Walters for U.S. Representative". Mimi Walters. June 20, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Profile: campaignmoney.com". Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  15. ↑ "17 Republican Candidates Announced as 'Contender' as Part of NRCC's 'Young Guns' Program - National Republican Congressional Committee". National Republican Congressional Committee. March 26, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Young Guns Vanguard - NRCC Young Guns". National Republican Congressional Committee. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  17. ↑ "California Election Results". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  18. ↑ California U.S. House 45th District Results: Mimi Walters Wins; New York Times; https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/california-house-district-45-walters-varasteh
  19. ↑ "Rep. Mimi Walters: Campaign Finance/Money - Summary". OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  20. ↑ Harwood, John (September 8, 2018). "House candidates in critical California district face off on Trump, taxes, and the prospect of a Democratic Congress". CNBC. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  21. ↑ Bade, Rachael; A GOP surprise: House mid-term hope in California; Politico; May 14, 2018; https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/14/california-republicans-midterms-walters-584289
  22. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (September 20, 2018). "GOP super PAC enters five new House races after adding $1.5 million to hold Ryan's seat". Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  23. ↑ Barabak, Michael Finnegan, Mark Z. (October 13, 2018). "Top GOP funding group snubs incumbents Rohrabacher and Walters 3 weeks before mid-term election". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 26, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Keller, Meghan (October 15, 2018). "GOP super PAC pushes back on report it skipped ad buys for California's Rohrabacher, Walters". The Hill. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  25. ↑ "California Rep. Mimi Walters' campaign accuses Democrats of planning to 'steal' her seat as her lead shrinks in tough re-election bid". Business Insider. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ↑ Hiltzik, Michael (November 30, 2018). "California Republicans see what happens when more voters vote, and they don't like it one bit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  27. ↑ Finnegan, Michael (November 15, 2018). "Republicans Walters and Kim adopt Trump tactic of charging vote fraud with no evidence of wrongdoing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Democrat Katie Porter flips U.S. House seat in California's Reagan country, beats GOP incumbent Mimi Walters". Associated Press. November 16, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Members". Republican Mains Street Partnership. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  30. ↑ "Member List". Republican Study Committee. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  31. ↑ "2018 California primary election results" (PDF). Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  32. ↑ "2018 California general election results" (PDF). Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  33. ↑ Martin Wisckol, County’s GOP women lead charge, Orange County Register (July 23, 2015).
  34. ↑ Congresswoman Mimi Walters (October 7, 2015), Rep. Mimi Walters on Select Panel to Investigate Planned Parenthood, archived from the original on December 21, 2021, retrieved March 26, 2017
  35. ↑ "California Scorecard - NORML.org - Working to Reform Marijuana Laws". norml.org. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  36. ↑ "On The Issues". On The Issues. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Drug Sense". Drug Sense. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  38. ↑ "The 7 Levels Of Trump Support In Congress". FiveThirtyEight. July 20, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  39. ↑ Wire, Sarah D. "Endorsement tracker: Some California Republicans still not ready for Trump". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  40. ↑ "These are all the Republicans who don't want you to see Donald Trump's tax returns". indy100. February 28, 2017. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  41. ↑ Tracking Congress in the Age of Trump, accessed September 25, 2018
  42. ↑ Lauren Fox; Deirdre Walsh. "House Republicans pass tax plan". CNN. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 "Most California GOP House members vote to pass tax bill, with some hoping the Senate will help fix it". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Rep. Mimi Walters Supports Bill to Block EPA Water Regulations". Congresswoman Mimi Walters. May 12, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  45. ↑ Mosko, Sarah “Steve” (March 27, 2018). "Mosko: Is Mimi Walters Changing Her Stance on Climate Change?". Voice of OC.
  46. ↑ "'Keep going' attitude brought Rep. Mimi Walters to Climate Caucus". Citizens' Climate Lobby. October 30, 2017.
  47. ↑ "90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members". Citizen´s Climate Lobby. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  48. 1 2 Lewis Mernit, Judith (May 3, 2018). "California Politics: The Education Of Rep. Mimi Walters". International Business Times. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  49. ↑ "Rep. Mimi Walters Votes to Repeal Obamacare". Congresswoman Mimi Walters. February 3, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Rep. Walters Votes to Strip Core Provisions of Obamacare". Congresswoman Mimi Walters. October 23, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  51. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  52. ↑ "The fight's on in 4 California districts where Republicans represent people who voted for Hillary". Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  53. ↑ Rubin, Jennifer; Rubin, Jennifer (March 15, 2017). "Republicans who voted for the AHCA better watch out". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  54. ↑ "How the House voted to pass the GOP health-care bill". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  55. ↑ Heidi M Przybyla (May 4, 2017). "Health care vote puts pressure on dozens of vulnerable GOP reps". USA Today. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  56. 1 2 "Health care vote puts pressure on dozens of vulnerable GOP reps". USA Today. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
  57. ↑ The Access to Sober Living Act will stop unethical practices at sober living homes; OC Register; June 16, 2018; https://www.ocregister.com/2018/06/16/the-access-to-sober-living-act-will-stop-unethical-practices-at-sober-living-homes/
  58. ↑ "Rep. Mimi Walters Stands for Jobs in Keystone Pipeline Vote". Congresswoman Mimi Walters. January 9, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  59. ↑ "Proposition 8 Endorsements". ProtectMarriage.com. November 4, 2008. Archived from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  60. ↑ "7 Republicans Flipped Their Vote on LGBT Amendment, Setting Them Up for Attack". Roll Call. May 19, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Amid shouts of 'shame', House GOP defeats gay rights measure". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  62. ↑ Congressional Roll Call June 22, 2018; Concord Monitor; June 24, 2018; https://www.concordmonitor.com/Congressional-roll-call-18370098
  63. ↑ Taking responsibility for spent nuclear fuel; OC Register; July 15, 2017; https://www.ocregister.com/2017/07/15/taking-responsibility-for-spent-nuclear-fuel/
  64. ↑ McGreevy, Patrick (January 13, 2014). "Panel defeats bill banning public transit strikes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  65. ↑ Jackman, Tom; "House passes anti-online sex trafficking bill, allows targeting of websites like Backpage.com"; Washington Post; February 27, 2018
  66. ↑ "Mimi Walters Congressional Financial Disclosure, 2017" (PDF).
  67. ↑ Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress (PDF) (Report). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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