A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.

Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).

Districts with an African-American majority

Population data are from 2021 Census American Community Survey and 2020 Census population estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.[1]

Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Shri Thanedar from Michigan's 13th.

Congressional districts with African-American majorities
RankPerc.StateDistrict118th CongressTotal 2019Afric. Amer.
3[2]60.3%TennesseeTN-09Steve Cohen (non-Black)767,682574,437
2[3]62.1%MississippiMS-02Bennie Thompson723,186549,830
6[4]63.4%AlabamaAL-07Terri Sewell670,015419,256
4[5]58.6%LouisianaLA-02Troy Carter762,623589,929
5[6]54.5%GeorgiaGA-04Hank Johnson756,440585,951
7[7]58.5%GeorgiaGA-05Nikema Williams788,996436,884
1[8]66.7%GeorgiaGA-13David Scott763,561566,875
8[9]57%South CarolinaSC-06Jim Clyburn665,215361,328
10[10]56.3%IllinoisIL-02Robin Kelly685,695383,058
11[11]55.6%MichiganMI-13Shri Thanedar (non-Black)672,291363,772
12[12]55%New YorkNY-08Hakeem Jeffries776,825403,080
13[13]54%PennsylvaniaPA-03Dwight Evans741,654418,050
14[14]53.8%MarylandMD-07Kweisi Mfume717,158376,343
16[15]53.4%FloridaFL-20Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick802,463424,842
17[16]52.9%MarylandMD-04Glenn Ivey746,989578,752
15[17]53.5%OhioOH-11Shontel Brown684,617362,284
19[18]51.6%GeorgiaGA-02Sanford Bishop671,831354,964
20[19]51.3%IllinoisIL-01Jonathan Jackson711,039359,132
18[20]52.7%New JerseyNJ-10Donald Payne Jr.768,400594,109
21[21]50.6%FloridaFL-24Frederica Wilson756,692593,543
22[22]50.5%New YorkNY-09Yvette Clarke720,316336,566

Districts with an Asian or Pacific Islander majority or plurality

Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.

Congressional districts with Asian-American majorities or pluralities
RankPerc.StateDistrictMemberTotal 2019Asian Amer.
1[23]52.7%CaliforniaCA-17Ro Khanna790,519439,547
2[24]50.2%HawaiiHI-01Ed Case (non-Asian)720,786364,354
339.4%New YorkNY-06Grace Meng714,299281,433

Districts with a Hispanic/Latino majority

As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts.

Congressional districts with Hispanic/Latino majorities
RankPerc.StateDistrict118th CongressTotal 2020Hispanic or Latino
187.2%CaliforniaCA-40Lucille Roybal-Allard715,934624,294
284.5%TexasTX-34Vicente Gonzalez712,596602,428
382.5%TexasTX-15Monica de la Cruz787,124649,297
481.5%TexasTX-16Veronica Escobar757,427617,465
578.9%TexasTX-28Henry Cuellar851,824672,129
678.7%CaliforniaCA-34Jimmy Gomez654,303515,167
776.0%TexasTX-29Sylvia Garcia677,032514,861
875.4%CaliforniaCA-38Linda Sánchez641,410483,490
973.5%IllinoisIL-04Jesús "Chuy" García601,156442,018
1051.6%TexasTX-27Michael Cloud (Non Hispanic/Latino)741,993543,306
1171.6%FloridaFL-25Mario Díaz-Balart807,176577,998
1271.5%TexasTX-20Joaquin Castro711,705509,208
1469.5%CaliforniaCA-35Norma Torres764,643531,426
1569.5%CaliforniaCA-44Nanette Barragan717,140500,426
1668.9%FloridaFL-27Maria Elvira Salazar750,653517,199
1768.5%CaliforniaCA-51Juan Vargas757,891473,224
1868.2%CaliforniaCA-29Tony Cardenas717,659489,443
1968.2%CaliforniaCA-31Pete Aguilar611,336417,183
2067.3%FloridaFL-26Carlos Gimenez780,951525,580
2166.9%TexasTX-33Marc Veasey (Non Hispanic/Latino)751,182502,540
2266.4%TexasTX-23Tony Gonzales847,651562,913
2366.1%New YorkNY-15Ritchie Torres731,101483,258
2466.0%CaliforniaCA-46Lou Correa734,651484,869
2562.6%CaliforniaCA-32Grace Napolitano642,236412,275
2661.6%ArizonaAZ-03Raúl Grijalva698,314446,159
2761.1%TexasTX-35Lloyd Doggett (Non Hispanic/Latino)857,654524,712
2859.3%CaliforniaCA-16Jim Costa (Non Hispanic/Latino)753,152446,619
2958.1%CaliforniaCA-41Mark Takano (Non Hispanic/Latino)786,719457,083
3056.0%ArizonaAZ-07Ruben Gallego855,769479,014
3152.7%New JerseyNJ-08Albio Sires766,357403,870
3252.1%CaliforniaCA-20Jimmy Panetta (Non Hispanic/Latino)741,838386,497
3351.8%New MexicoNM-02Gabe Vasquez663,956343,856
3451.2%CaliforniaCA-21David Valadao (Non Hispanic/Latino)784,176401,194

Districts with an African-American plurality

Districts with a Hispanic/Latino plurality

Districts with a white plurality (majority-minority)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Diving into District Data: What the Latest Census Numbers Tell Us". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  2. ↑ "My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  3. ↑ "My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  4. ↑ "My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  5. ↑ "My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  6. ↑ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  7. ↑ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  8. ↑ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  9. ↑ "My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  10. ↑ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  11. ↑ "My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  12. ↑ "My Congressional District: New York's 8th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  13. ↑ "My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  14. ↑ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  15. ↑ "My Congressional District: Florida's 20th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  16. ↑ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  17. ↑ "My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  18. ↑ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  19. ↑ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  20. ↑ "My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  21. ↑ "My Congressional District: Florida's 24th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  22. ↑ "My Congressional District: New York's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  23. ↑ "My Congressional District: California's 17th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  24. ↑ "My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
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