During the 1990s and the 2000s, the French governments have launched the modernization plans of French universities (in French, plans de modernisation des universités françaises).[1]

Investments of the state had been important, especially for the development of new academic centers before and after May 1968. However, these two modernization plans have been more publicized.[2]

2000 University

This plan was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 23 May 1990. With initial funding of 32 billion of French francs over five years (1991-1995), it would increase the number of premises, while the number of students was increasing.[3] In 1994, operations were paid via the Contrat de projets État-région (Project contract state-region). The final funding was 40 billion francs (U2000 plan: 16.6; U2000 reported in CPER: 15.7, new operation in CPER: 8).[4]

This scheme has helped to build 3.5 million square meters of new buildings for higher education and research, including:

University of the 3rd millennium

U3M plan, which combines state and local authorities, is a large-scale plan of the order of 50 billion of French francs.[5] It is part of an overall approach, the schema utility of higher education and research. Like its predecessor, this plan has been largely funded through the CPER 2000-2006 (42 billion francs).[6] It was more than build new premises but to rehabilitate the existing. A special effort was made to student life, 25% of the funding went to libraries, restaurants and dormitories.[7][8]

Campus Plan

The Campus Plan (in French, Plan campus), differs from the other two by at least two points:

  • it concerns a limited number of campus;
  • it is done with public-private partnerships.[9]

Large loan

Of the 35 billion euros of large loan,[10] 22 are for higher education and research. In particular:

  • Excellence initiatives (initiatives d'excellence) : 7.7 billion
  • Campus plan (Plan campus) receives 1.3 billion
  • Equipment of Excellence (équipements d’excellence) receive 1 billion
  • Laboratories of excellence (laboratoires d’excellence), 1 billion.
  • Each of these programs is organized by a tender in which institutions must meet. The Campus du plateau de Saclay (Saclay campus) receives a billion of euros.

Bibliography

  • La gestion de leur patrimoine immobilier par les universités, condition d’une autonomie assumée (Management of their property by universities, provided autonomy assumed) () (Cour des comptes)
  • Jean-Léonce Dupont, Voyage au bout… de l'immobilier universitaire (Jean-Léonce Dupont, Journey to the end... of the university buildings), 18 March 2003 () (Sénat)
  • « Le programme U3M (université du troisième millénaire) » Bernard Toulemonde, Le système éducatif en France (U3M program (University of the Third Millennium)), La Documentation française, Paris, 2003, (ISBN 2-11-005380-1), p. 104

References

  1. ↑ (in French)Les bibliothèques universitaires profiteront du grand emprunt
  2. ↑ (in French)Le deuxième plan de modernisation et d'équipement et l'avenir de l'économie française
  3. ↑ (in French)Une évaluation du plan Université 2000 (1990-1995)
  4. ↑ (in French)Sénat, 2003, II. B. 5. a), Le bilan quantitatif du schéma Université 2000 (The quantitative assessment schema of University 2000)
  5. ↑ (in French)Quelle gouvernance pour les universités? Archived 2019-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ (in French)Le Plan Universités du 3ème Millénaire - U 3M
  7. ↑ (in French)Sénat, 2003, II. B. 5. b) Le financement du plan U3M et des contrats de plan (Plan U3M and contracts plan funding).
  8. ↑ (in French)D’Université 2000 à U3M
  9. ↑ (in French)Cour des Comptes, 2009
  10. ↑ (in French)Le grand emprunt va "affaiblir" la notation de la France


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