Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
蒙藏委員會
Měng-Zàng Wěiyuánhuì
Agency overview
Formed1636 (as Mongolian Bureau)
April 1912 (as Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Agency)
1 February 1929 (as MTAC)
Dissolved15 September 2017
Superseding agency
Jurisdiction Qing dynasty
 Republic of China
HeadquartersZhongzheng, Taipei
Parent agencyExecutive Yuan
Websitewww.mtac.gov.tw
Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
Traditional Chinese蒙藏委員會
Simplified Chinese蒙藏委员会

The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) was a ministry-level commission of the Executive Yuan in the Republic of China. It was disbanded on 15 September 2017.[1][2]

History

Mongolian Affairs closing conference in 1930.

The first model was created during the Qing dynasty in 1636 as the Mongolian Bureau (Chinese: 蒙古衙門; Manchu: ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠵᡠᡵᡤᠠᠨ), later reformed into the Lifan Yuan in 1639, and oversaw the relationship of the Qing court to its Mongolian and Tibetan territories. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the bureau was renamed to Feudatory Affairs Council. In 1906, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, it was renamed to Ministry of Feudatory Affairs (理藩部).

Following the Xinhai Revolution and the collapse of the Qing dynasty, the section was replaced by Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Agency under the Ministry of the Interior in April 1912. In July 1912, the agency was again renamed as Bureau of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs and placed under the State Affairs Yuan. In 1914, it was reorganized and being placed directly under the supervision of President. On 1 February 1929, it was finally changed to Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) in accordance with the Nationalist Government Organizational Law.[3] After the Communist revolution in 1949, and the central government of China's relocation to Taiwan, formerly a Qing province turned colony that was acquired from Japan in 1945 after the end of World War II, the MTAC ceased its activities in Tibet and Mongolia, although it served as a governmental body which assisted in the relationship between ethnic Mongols and Tibetans in Taiwan and increasing the communication between the Taiwanese and the Mongols as well as the Tibetans.[4]

After the 1959 Tibetan uprising, Chiang Kai-shek announced in his Letter to Tibetan Compatriots (Chinese: 告西藏同胞書; pinyin: Gào Xīzàng Tóngbāo Shū) that the ROC's policy would be to help the Tibetan people overthrow the People's Republic of China's rule in Tibet. The MTAC sent secret agents to India to disseminate pro-Kuomintang (KMT) and anti-Communist propaganda among Tibetan exiles. From 1971 to 1978, the MTAC also recruited ethnic Tibetan children from India and Nepal to study in Taiwan, with the expectation that they would work for a ROC government that returned to the mainland. In 1994, the veterans' association for the Tibetan guerrilla group Chushi Gangdruk met with the MTAC and agreed to the KMT's One China Principle. In response, the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Administration forbade all exiled Tibetans from contact with the MTAC.[5]

On 14 August 2017, the Executive Yuan, now led by the independence minded Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration, announced that the MTAC would be dissolved by the end of the year. No budget was allocated to the MTAC for 2018. Employees and responsibilities of the commission were reassigned to two places: the Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center under the Ministry of Culture, and the expanded Department of Hong Kong, Macao, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet Affairs under the Mainland Affairs Council.[6][7]

Organizational structure

  • Commissioners
  • Secretary's Office
  • Counselor's Office
  • Department of Mongolian Affairs
  • Department of Tibetan Affairs
  • Department of General Affairs
  • Compilation and Translation
  • Accounting Office
  • Personnel Office
  • Civil Service Ethics Office

Ministers

Hsu Jan-yau, the last Minister of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.

Political Party:   Kuomintang   Democratic Progressive Party   Non-partisan/unknown

No. Name Term of office Days Political party Ancestry (ethnicity) Premier
1 Yan Xishan (閻錫山) 27 December 19285 April 1930464 Kuomintang Wutai, Shanxi Tan Yankai
2 Ma Fuxiang (馬福祥) 8 September 193030 December 1931478 Kuomintang Linxia, Gansu (Hui) Tan Yankai
Chiang Kai-shek I
3 Shi Qingyang (石青陽) 30 December 193115 March 19351171 Kuomintang Ba County, Sichuan Sun Fo I
Wang Jingwei
4 Huang Mu-sung (黃慕松) 15 March 193529 July 1936502 Kuomintang Meichuan, Guangdong Wang Jingwei
Chiang Kai-shek II
5 Lin Yungai (林雲陔) 29 July 19368 August 193610 Kuomintang Xinyi, Guangdong Chiang Kai-shek II
6 Wu Zhongxin (吳忠信) 8 August 19366 December 19443042 Kuomintang Hefei, Anhui Chiang Kai-shek II
H. H. Kung
Chiang Kai-shek III
7 Leung Kam Lo (羅良鑒) 6 December 194423 April 1947868 Kuomintang Shanhua, Hunan Chiang Kai-shek III
T. V. Soong
8 Xu Shiying (許世英) 23 April 194726 November 1948642 Kuomintang Qiupu, Anhui Zhang Qun
Weng Wenhao
9 Serengdongrub (白雲梯) 26 November 19486 June 1949192 Kuomintang Harqin Middle Banner, Rehe (Mongol) Sun Fo II
He Yingqin
10 Guan Jiyu (關吉玉) 6 June 194923 November 1949170 Kuomintang Liaoyang, Liaoning (Manchu) He Yingqin
Yan Xishan
11 Zhou Kuntian (周昆田) 23 November 194910 March 1950107 Kuomintang Hefei, Anhui Yan Xishan
12 Yu Ching-tang (余井塘) 10 March 195022 February 1951349 Kuomintang Dongtai, Jiangsu Chen Cheng I
13 Tien Chung-chin (田炯錦) 22 February 195125 May 19541188 Kuomintang Qingyang, Gansu Chen Cheng I
14 Liu Lianke (劉廉克) 25 May 195414 July 19581511 Kuomintang Harqin Left Banner, Rehe (Mongol) Chen Cheng I
Yu Hung-Chun
15 Lee Yong-xin (李永新) 14 July 195830 May 1960686 Kuomintang Harqin Left Banner, Rehe (Mongol) Chen Cheng II
16 Tien Chung-chin (田炯錦) 30 May 196014 December 19631293 Kuomintang Qingyang, Gansu Chen Cheng II
17 Guo Jiqiao (郭寄嶠) 14 December 196329 May 19723089 Kuomintang Hefei, Anhui Chen Cheng II
Yen Chia-kan
18 Chui Yan Cui (崔垂言) 29 May 1972November 1981 Kuomintang Changchun, Jilin Yen Chia-kan
Chiang Ching-kuo
Sun Yun-suan
19 Xie Renyang (薛人仰) November 1981May 1984 Kuomintang Fuzhou, Fujian Sun Yun-suan
20 Dong Shufan (董樹藩) May 1984March 1986 Kuomintang Sa County, Suiyuan Sun Yun-suan
Yu Kuo-hua
21 Wu Hua-peng (吳化鵬) April 198626 February 1993 Kuomintang Aohan Right Banner, Rehe (Mongol) Yu Kuo-hua
Lee Huan
Hau Pei-tsun
22 Zhang Junyi (張駿逸) 27 February 199314 December 1994655 Kuomintang Changsha, Hunan Lien Chan
23 Lee Hou-kao (李厚高) 15 December 199431 August 1997990 Kuomintang Songzi, Hubei Lien Chan
24 Kao Koong-lian (高孔廉) 1 September 199719 May 2000991 Kuomintang Minhou, Fujian Vincent Siew
25 Hsu Cheng-kuang (徐正光) 20 May 200031 January 2002621 Pingtung, Taiwan Tang Fei
Chang Chun-hsiung I
26 Hsu Chih-hsiung (許志雄) 1 February 200219 May 20082299 Democratic Progressive Party Keelung, Taiwan Yu Shyi-kun
Frank Hsieh
Su Tseng-chang
Chang Chun-hsiung II
27 Kao Su-po (高思博) 20 May 20088 February 2011994 Kuomintang Tainan City Liu Chao-shiuan
Wu Den-yih
28 Luo Ying-shay (羅瑩雪) 9 February 201129 September 2013963 Kuomintang Shuangfeng, Hunan Wu Den-yih
Chen Chun
Jiang Yi-huah
— Chen Ming-jen (陳明仁) 30 September 201322 October 201322 Chiayi County, Taiwan Jiang Yi-huah
29 Jaclyn Tsai (蔡玉玲) 22 October 201319 May 2016940 Independent Taiwan Jiang Yi-huah
Mao Chi-kuo
Chang San-cheng
30 Lin Mei-chu (林美珠) 20 May 20167 February 2017263 Independent Taipei City Lin Chuan
31 Hsu Jan-yau (許璋瑤) 8 February 201715 September 2017219 Independent Kaohsiung City Lin Chuan
William Lai

Other notable members

Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center

Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center

The Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center (Chinese: 蒙藏文化中心; pinyin: Měng-Zàng Wénhuà Zhōngxīn) was originally managed by the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission. It is located in the Daan District of Taipei on Qingtian Street near the Taipei Grand Mosque and Mandarin Training Center. The center was established in 1993 in the former residence of the Changkya Khutukhtu, Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme, who fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The building incorporates traditional Tibetan architectural features. It also includes an exhibition area for cultural artifacts, a reading room, lecture hall and prayer hall for the Changkya Khutukhtu.[8] After the commission was disbanded, the center's management was turned over to the Ministry of Culture.

See also

Similar government agencies

References

  1. ↑ "Taiwan News Quick Take". Taipei Times. 16 September 2017.
  2. ↑ 蒙藏委員會9月15日已走入歷史. 自由時報 (in Chinese). 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  3. ↑ Benson, Linda (1990). The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 15. ISBN 0-87332-509-5.
  4. ↑ Henry George Wandesforde Woodhead; Henry Thurburn Montague Bell (1932). The China Year Book. North China Daily News & Herald. p. 28. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  5. ↑ Okawa, Kensaku (2007). "Lessons from Tibetans in Taiwan: Their history, current situation, and relationship with Taiwanese nationalism" (PDF). The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture. University of Tokyo. 152: 588–589, 596, 599, 602–603. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-24.
  6. ↑ Chung, Lawrence (16 August 2017). "Taiwan Calls Time on Mongolia and Tibet Affairs Commission". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  7. ↑ Charlier, Phillip (14 August 2017). "Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission to be Dissolved: Lim Applauds". Taiwan English News. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  8. ↑ "Mongolian & Tibetan Culture Center". Mongolian & Tibetan Affairs Commission. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
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