Morris Chang
張忠謀
National Policy Advisor to the President
In office
20 May 2000 – 19 May 2001
PresidentChen Shui-bian
Personal details
Born
張忠謀

(1931-07-10) 10 July 1931
Ningbo, Chekiang Province, Republic of China
NationalityRepublic of China[1]
United States
SpouseSophie Chang
Children3
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology (BS, MS)
Stanford University (PhD)
Known forFounder, chairman and CEO, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese張忠謀
Simplified Chinese张忠谋

Morris Chang (Chinese: 張忠謀; pinyin: Zhāng Zhōngmóu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Tiong-bô͘, Ningbo Wu: Jiann阴平去 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒; born 10 July 1931) is a Taiwanese-American[2][3] businessman and electrical engineer. He built his career first in the United States and then subsequently in Taiwan. He is the founder, as well as former chairman and CEO, of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). He is known as the semiconductor industry founder of Taiwan.[4] As of October 2021, his net worth was estimated at US$2.8 billion.[5]

Biography

Early life in China

Chang was born in the city Ningbo, situated within Chekiang in China, in 1931. When he was young, he wanted to become a novelist or journalist, though his father persuaded him otherwise.[6] However, the elder Chang was an official in charge of finance for the Yin county government and later a bank manager.[7] Due to his father's career change and also the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chang family lived in Nanjing, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Shanghai.

Chang spent most of his primary school years in British Hong Kong between the ages of six and eleven. In 1941, the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began and Chang's family went back to Shanghai and Ningbo to live for a few months, eventually making their way to the temporary capital, Chongqing. In 1948, as China was in the height of the restarted Chinese Civil War, a year before People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established and the Republic of China (ROC)'s retreat to Taiwan, Chang again moved to Hong Kong.[7]

Moving to the United States

In 1949, Chang moved to the United States to attend Harvard University. He transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in sophomore year[8] and received his bachelor's and master's degrees in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1952 and 1953, respectively. Chang failed two consecutive doctoral qualification examinations and eventually left MIT without obtaining a PhD.[7] In 1955 he turned down a job offer from Ford Motor Company and joined Sylvania Semiconductor, then known as a small semiconductor division of Sylvania Electric Products.[9]

Three years later, he moved to Texas Instruments in 1958, which was then rapidly rising in its field. After three years at TI, he rose to manager of the engineering section of the company. It was then, in 1961, that TI decided to invest in him by giving him the opportunity to obtain his PhD degree, which he received in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1964.[10]

Chang worked on a four-transistor project for TI where the manufacturing was done by IBM. This was one of the early semiconductor foundry relationships. Also at TI, Chang pioneered the then controversial idea of pricing semiconductors "ahead of the cost curve", which meant sacrificing early profits ("short term") to gain market share and achieve manufacturing yields that would result in greater profits over an extended timeline ("long-term").[11][12]

During his 25-year career (1958–1983) at Texas Instruments, he rose up in the ranks to become the group vice president responsible for TI's worldwide semiconductor business.[13] In the late 1970s, when TI's focus turned to calculators, digital watches and home computers, Chang felt like his career focused on semiconductors was at a dead end at TI.[3]

Chang left TI and later became president and chief operating officer of General Instrument Corporation (1984–1985).[14]

Move to Taiwan

In the early 1980s, while still at Texas Instruments, Chang witnessed TI's factory in Japan achieving twice the chip production yield as TI's factory in Texas.[3] Observing that the staff and technicians in Japan are better qualified and had lower turnover, and failing to recruit the same caliber of staff in the United States, he concluded that future of advanced manufacturing appeared to be in Asia.[3]

After he left General Instrument Corporation, Sun Yun-suan, Premier of the Republic of China (ROC), recruited him to become chairman and president of the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan, where the ROC government is now based having lost the mainland.[15] This marked his return to the ROC, initially thought to last for a few years, three decades after he left during the chaotic Chinese Civil War mainly between the People's Republic of China and the ROC.[3]

As head of a government-sponsored non-profit, he was in charge of promoting industrial and technological development in Taiwan. Chang founded TSMC in 1987, the beginning of the period where firms increasingly saw value in outsourcing their manufacturing capabilities to Asia. Soon, TSMC became one of the world's most profitable chip makers. Chang left ITRI in 1994 and became chairman of Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation from 1994 to 2003 while continuing to serve as chairman of TSMC. In 2005, he handed TSMC's CEO position to Rick Tsai.[16]

In June 2009, Chang returned to the position of TSMC's CEO once again.[17] On June 5, 2018, Chang announced his retirement, succeeded by C.C. Wei as CEO and Mark Liu as chairman.[18][19] Chang was awarded the Order of Propitious Clouds, First Class in September 2018.[20]

Chang has served as Presidential Envoy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to APEC several times. He represented Chen Shui-bian in 2006.[21][22] Tsai Ing-wen appointed Chang to the same role six times from 2018 to 2023.[23][24][25][26]

Personal

Morris Chang obtained American citizenship in 1962.[3] He has represented as special envoy four times on behalf of the Taiwanese delegation to participate APEC Meetings under the name Chinese Taipei.[27]

Chang’s wife, Sophie Chang, is a cousin of Terry Gou, the founder of Foxconn.

Affiliations

Honorary doctorates

Awards and recognitions

Morris Chang was conferred the Order of Propitious Clouds with Special Grand Cordon by President Tsai Ing-wen, 2018

Authored books

  • 張忠謀自傳（上冊） 1931-1964 [Autobiography of Morris C.M. Chang Vol. 1 (1931-1964)] (in Chinese). Taiwan: 天下文化. 1998. ISBN 9576214491.

References

  1. ↑ Taiwan since 1949
  2. ↑ PTI (13 April 2023). "I am a Taiwanese citizen, says Morris Chang - the man at centre of Adani-China row". The Economic Times. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Chip Titan Whose Life's Work Is at the Center of a Tech Cold War". 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  4. ↑ School of Engineering (4 May 2015). "Morris Chang — founding chairman of Taiwan Semiconductor". California: Stanford University.
  5. ↑ "Forbes profile: Morris Chang". Forbes. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  6. ↑ "Morris Chang: Foundry Father". IEEE Spectrum. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 "台灣半導體產業教父——張忠謀". Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Stanford Engineering Hero Lecture: Morris Chang in conversation with President John L. Hennessy, retrieved 8 August 2019
  9. ↑ Perry, supra n. 1
  10. ↑ Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, IIan (2009). Biographical Dictionary of New Chinese Entrepreneurs and Business Leaders. Edward Elgar Publishing. doi:10.4337/9781848449510. ISBN 9781848449510.
  11. ↑ "Stanford Engineering Hero Morris Chang honored for revolutionizing chip making". Stanford School of Engineering. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  12. ↑ BUS, FRANCOIS FRANCIS (2020). L'EPOQUE OU LES PUCES FONT LEURS LOIS : histoire des semiconducteurs vecue de chez texas instruments. BOOKS ON DEMAND. ISBN 9782322256853. OCLC 1225066813.
  13. ↑ BUS, FRANCOIS FRANCIS (2020). L'EPOQUE OU LES PUCES FONT LEURS LOIS : histoire des semiconducteurs vecue de chez Texas Instruments. BOOKS ON DEMAND. ISBN 9782322256853.
  14. ↑ "Oral History Interview: Morris Chang". SEMI. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  15. ↑ Tsai, Terence; Cheng, Borshiuan (2006). The Silicon Dragon: High-tech Industry in Taiwan. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 9781847203137.
  16. ↑ Wang, Lisa (13 November 2013). "TSMC says Morris Chang is retiring as CEO — again". The Taipei Times. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  17. ↑ "Back to the future for TSMC's new CEO". Taiwan Today. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 12 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  18. ↑ Horwitz, Josh (5 June 2018). "After spawning a $100 billion industry, Taiwan's "godfather" of computer chips is retiring". Quartz. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  19. ↑ Chang, Chien-chung; Huang, Frances (5 June 2018). "It's official: TSMC's Chang retires after board reshuffle".
  20. ↑ "TSMC founder receives Order of Propitious Clouds". Taipei Times. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  21. ↑ "'Father of semiconductor industry' represents President Chen in Hanoi". Taiwan Today. 10 November 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  22. ↑ Chen, Rodney (31 October 2006). "TSMC chairman Morris Chang to represent Taiwan at APEC summit". Digitimes. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  23. ↑ Li, Lauly (3 October 2018). "Taiwan appoints TSMC founder Morris Chang as APEC envoy". Nikkei. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  24. ↑ "Tsai taps Morris Chang as APEC envoy". Taipei Times. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  25. ↑ Wen, Kuei-hsiang; Yu, Hsiang; Huang, Frances (10 November 2020). "Tsai names TSMC founder as Taiwan's envoy to APEC summit (update)". Central News Agency.
  26. ↑ "TSMC founder in US for APEC meet". Taipei Times. 16 November 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  27. ↑ "APEC Leader's Representative Morris Chang holds international press conference". english.president.gov.tw. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  28. ↑ "GSA's Prestigious Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award Honors Stanford University President, Dr. John Hennessy". www.businesswire.com. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  29. ↑ "Morris Chang '52 Life Member Emeritus". MIT. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  30. ↑ "Goldman Sachs | Press Releases - Morris Chang to Join Goldman Sachs' Board of Directors". Goldman Sachs. 14 November 2001. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  31. ↑ "Taiwan Semi CEO Exits Goldman Board". Wall Street Journal. 27 December 2002. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  32. ↑ "Presidential Office names advisors". Taipei Times. 21 May 2001. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  33. ↑ "Members". Committee of 100. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  34. ↑ "Kung fu novelist Jin Yong to receive honorary degree". Taipei City: Taipei Times. Central News Agency. 8 May 2007. Jin Yong will be one of three people to be awarded honorary doctorates in an event marking NCCU's 80th anniversary. The other two are Cloud Gate Dance Theater founder Lin Hwai-min (林懷民) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co chairman Morris Chang (張忠謀).
  35. ↑ "Asia University, Taiwan 歡迎光臨亞洲大學全球資訊網". www.asia.edu.tw. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  36. ↑ "Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award Nomination Form".
  37. ↑ "IEEE Robert N. Noyce Medal Recipients" (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  38. ↑ "Directory of NAE Members".
  39. ↑ "Nikkei Asia Prize, List of Winners". Archived from the original on 10 November 2014.
  40. ↑ "Computer History Museum Names Morris Chang, John Hennessy, David Patterson and Charles Thacker to List of Fellow Award Honorees; Celebrates Twentieth Anniversary of Fellow Award Program". Computer History Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  41. ↑ "TSMC's Chang receives SIA award | EE Times".
  42. ↑ "IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients" (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  43. ↑ "Morris Chang Calls on Government to Cherish Local Industries". Kuomintang. 27 November 2011. President Ma Ying-jeou awarded the Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon to 12 figures who had made long-term contributions to the country and society, including Morris Chang (張忠謀)
  44. ↑ "Visionary Award - SPIE". spie.org. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  45. ↑ "Decorations of the Republic of China (Taiwan)". Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 4 April 2020. 2018-9-14 Republic of China Order of Propitious Clouds with Special Grand Cordon Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) Founder Morris Chang
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