Manubaran
Mount Brown
Geographic
distribution		Mount Brown, southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea:
Central Province
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Glottologmanu1261

The Manubaran languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Mount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages

The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]

*m*n
*p*t*k*ʔ
*b*d*g
*s[*h]
*w*ɾ*j

Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]

sgpl
1 *na*[o/u]na
2 *ja
3 *ina

Basic vocabulary

Usher (2020)

Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:[2]

glossProto-Mount BrownProto-Doromu-KokiProto-GebiProto-Maria
head *ada*adaada*ada
hair/feather(s) *u[w]e[t/k]a*u[w]etauweta*u[w]eʔa
ear *anema*anemaanema*anema
eye *ne*nene-unane[ʔ]una
nose *uɾuma*uɾumauruma*uɾuma
tooth *gade*gadegadi*gade
tongue *api[j]e*aɸi[j]eapi*aɸi[j]e
blood *daweʔa*dawaʔadawa*daweʔa
bone *nena*nenanena*nena
skin/bark *ɾoʔo*ɾoʔolo-o*ɾoʔo
breast *sisu*sisusisu*hihu
louse *gu[w]e*gu[w]egu-e*gu[w]e
dog *auna*aunaauna*auna
pig *dona*donadona*dona
bird *eɾena*eɾenaeerma*eɾena
egg *unema*unemaunema*unema
tree *jabo*jaboiabo*jabo
man/husband *ami[j]e*ami[j]eamie*ami[j]e
woman/wife *ɾema*ɾemalema
sun *me[i]daʔa*me[i]daʔameda*me[i]daʔa
moon *ejoʔa*ejoʔoe-io*ejoʔa
water/river *koɾu*koɾuoru ≈ koro-*ʔoɾu
fire *ita*itaita*iha
stone *waʔigawaiga*waʔiga
path *ida*idaida
name *ɾoka*ɾoka*ɾoʔa
eat/drink *iɾi-*iɾi-*iɾi-
one *jokohi*jokoijokio*joʔohi
two *[ɾ/j]ema*[ɾ]emalema*jema

Ross (2014)

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014)[3][4][5] are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]

glossProto-ManubaranProto-DoromuProto-Maria
head *ada*ada*ada
hair *weʔia*ue-ta*ueʔa
ear *ane-ma*ane-ma*ane-ma
eye *ne(u)*ne(-)*ne-
nose *uru-ma*uru-ma*uru-ma
tooth *gade*gade*gade
tongue *afie*afie*ahie
leg *[n,y]u-ka*yu-ka*nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa
louse *gue*gue*gue
dog *auna*auna*auna
pig *Dona*dona*tona
bird *erena*erena*erena
egg *une-ma*une-ma*une-ma
blood *tava*tae(k,ʔ)a
bone *nena*nena*nena
skin *roʔ(o,a)*ro(a)*roʔ(o,a)
tree *yabo*yabo*yabo
man *amie*amie*amie
woman *rema*oue
sky *gure*gure*gure
sun *maida(ka)*meida(ka)*maidaʔa
moon *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?)*eoʔa
water *koru*koru*ʔoru
fire *ita*ita*ita
stone *fore*vaʔiga
name *roka*roka*roʔa-ba
eat *iri-*iri*iri-
one *yokohi*yokoima*yoʔohi
two *(ye)(ka)ma[nu]*re-manu*ye-ma

Evolution

Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[7]

  • ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
  • baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa
  • kuyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
  • ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda

References

  1. ↑ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
  2. 1 2 3 New Guinea World, Mount Brown
  3. ↑ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Manubaran. TransNewGuinea.org.
  4. ↑ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Maria. TransNewGuinea.org.
  5. ↑ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Doromu. TransNewGuinea.org.
  6. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  7. ↑ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Further reading

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