Muhammad Surur
TitleShaykh, Imam, Allamah
Personal
Born1938 (1938)
Hawran, Syria
Died2016 (aged 77–78)
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
CreedAthari
MovementSalafi
Sahwa movement
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Muhammad Surur bin Nayif Zayn al-'Abidin (Arabic: محمد سرور بن نايف زين العابدين; 1938 – 11 November 2016)[1] was a former member of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood.[2] He is credited with establishing the Salafi Islamist movement known as Sururism (or Sururi), which combines "the organisational methods and political worldview of the Muslim Brotherhood with the theological puritanism of Wahhabism."[3] This movement is noted for its significant role in advancing a politicized version of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia. Surur called for non-violent criticism of Muslim rulers but opposed efforts to overthrow regimes in Muslim countries, viewing such actions sources of fitna (civil strife and chaos).[4] In 1984, he authored the widely read anti-Shia book Wa Ja'a Dawr al-Majus (Arabic: وجاء دور المجوس, lit. 'The Era of the Magicians Has Come').[5] This book posits the Iranian Revolution as a strategy for Shiite domination of the Middle East.[6] His writings notably influenced Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq.[7]

Life

He was born in the Hawran region.[8] In the mid-1960s, while still affiliated with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, Surur began to express criticism of the group, such as its acceptance of members from the Sufi Brotherhood.[1] These disagreements contributed to his decision to relocate to Saudi Arabia in 1965.[9] However, after being expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1974 due to reports labelling his activities as subversive,[10] he moved to Kuwait. There, he established the Dar al-Arqam publishing house.[11] In 1984, Suror settled in the United Kingsom, where he established the Center for Islamic Studies.[12] His final relocation was to Jordan in 2004.[13]

Influence

Surur admired Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh and was himself initially admired by Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi—who later considered him to be too lenient towards the Muslim rulers.[14] Surur has also influenced Salman al-Ouda.[15]

After the death of Muhammad Surur in Doha, Abdulrazzaq al-Mahdi released condolences upon him and commented on his impact.[16]

Works

  • Wa Ja'a Dawr al-Majus (The Era of the Magians Has Come)
  • Al-salafiyya bayna al-wula wal-ghula (Salafism between the Rulers and the Extremists)[17]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Haykel, Bernard; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane, eds. (31 Jan 2015). Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 9781316194195.
  2. ↑ Hassan, Hassan (November 13, 2016). "Muhammad Surur and the normalisation of extremism". The Nation.
  3. ↑ Moghadam, Assaf; Fishman, Brian, eds. (10 May 2011). Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures. Taylor & Francis. p. 187. ISBN 9781136710582.
  4. ↑ Joas Wagemakers (11 Jun 2012). A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34, 77. ISBN 9781139510899.
  5. ↑ Moghadam, Assaf; Fishman, Brian, eds. (10 May 2011). Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures. Taylor & Francis. pp. 187–8. ISBN 9781136710582.
  6. ↑ Khatib, Lina; Lust, Ellen, eds. (16 Apr 2014). Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism (illustrated, reprint ed.). JHU Press. p. 318. ISBN 9781421413112.
  7. ↑ Jerrold D. Green; Frederic M. Wehrey; Charles Wolf (2009). Understanding Iran. Rand Corporation. p. 121. ISBN 9780833045584.
  8. ↑ Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780674049642.
  9. ↑ John Calvert (22 Nov 2009). Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism. Oxford University Press. p. 276. ISBN 9780199326877.
  10. ↑ Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780674049642.
  11. ↑ Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 293. ISBN 9780674049642.
  12. ↑ Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9780674049642.
  13. ↑ Haykel, Bernard; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane, eds. (31 Jan 2015). Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. Cambridge University Press. pp. 171–2. ISBN 9781316194195.
  14. ↑ Joas Wagemakers (11 Jun 2012). A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge University Press. pp. 77, 239. ISBN 9781139510899.
  15. ↑ Robert G. Rabil (26 Sep 2014). Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism. Georgetown University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9781626161177.
  16. ↑ Hassan, Hassan (2 December 2016). Twitter https://twitter.com/hxhassan/status/804946242874802176. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 331. ISBN 9780674049642.
  • Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011). Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 315. ISBN 9780674049642.
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