Ben Nevis is the highest Munro and highest mountain in Britain

A Munro (listenⓘ) is defined as a mountain in Scotland with a height over 3,000 feet (914.4 m), and which is on the Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) official list of Munros; there is no explicit topographical prominence requirement. The best known Munro is Ben Nevis (Beinn Nibheis), the highest mountain in the British Isles at 4,411 ft (1,345 m).

Munros are named after Sir Hugh Munro, 4th Baronet (1856–1919), who produced the first list of such hills, known as Munro's Tables, in 1891. Also included were what Munro considered lesser peaks, now known as Munro Tops, which are also over 3,000 feet but are lower than the nearby primary mountain. The publication of the original list is usually considered to be the epoch event of modern peak bagging.[1] The list has been the subject of subsequent variation and as of 10 December 2020, the Scottish Mountaineering Club has listed 282 Munros and 226 Munro Tops.

"Munro bagging" is the activity of climbing all the listed Munros. As of 31 December 2022, 7,390 people had reported completing a round.[2] The first continuous round was completed by Hamish Brown in 1974, whilst the record for the fastest continuous round is currently held by Jamie Aarons, who completed a round in 31 days 10 hours 27 mins in June 2023.[3] Furths are mountains in England, Wales or Ireland recognized by the SMC as meeting the Munro classification.

History

Sir Hugh Munro, 4th Baronet, creator of Munro's Tables

Before the publication of Munro's Tables in 1891, there was much uncertainty about the number of Scottish peaks over 3,000 feet. Estimates ranged from 31 (in M.J.B. Baddeley's guides) to 236 (listed in Robert Hall's third edition of The Highland Sportsman and Tourist, published in 1884). When the Scottish Mountaineering Club was formed in 1889, one of its aims was to remedy this by accurately documenting all of Scotland's mountains over 3,000 feet. Sir Hugh Munro, a founding member of the club, took on the task using his own experience as a mountaineer, as well as detailed study of the Ordnance Survey six inches to the mile (1:10,560) and one-inch to the mile (1:63,360) maps.[4][5]

Munro researched and produced a set of tables that were published in the Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal in September 1891. The tables listed 538 summits over 3,000 feet, 282 of which were regarded as "separate mountains". The term Munro applies to separate mountains, while the lesser summits are known as Munro Tops. Munro did not set any measure of topographic prominence by which a peak qualified as a separate mountain, so there has been much debate about how distinct two hills must be if they are to be counted as two separate Munros.

The Scottish Mountaineering Club has revised the tables, both in response to new height data on Ordnance Survey maps and to address the perceived inconsistency as to which peaks qualify for Munro status. In 1992, the publication of Alan Dawson's book Relative Hills of Britain, showed that three Munro Tops not already considered summits, had a prominence of more than 500 feet (152.4 m). Given this they would have qualified as Corbett summits had they been under 3,000 feet. In the 1997 tables these three Munro Tops, on Beinn Alligin, Beinn Eighe and Buachaille Etive Beag, gained full Munro summit status. Dawson's book also highlighted a number of significant Munro Tops with as much as 197 feet (60 m) of prominence which were not listed as Munro Tops. The 1997 tables promoted five of these to full Munro status.[6]

A total of 197 Munros have a topographic prominence of over 150 m (492 ft) and are regarded by peakbaggers as Real Munros.[7] 130 Scottish mountains over 1000m, with a topographic prominence of over 100 m (328 ft) have been termed Metric Munros.[8]

Other classification schemes in Scotland, such as the Corbetts 2,500 to 3,000 ft (762–914 m) and Grahams 2,000 to 2,500 ft (610–762 m), require a peak to have a prominence of at least 500 feet (152 m) for inclusion. The Munros, however, lack a rigid set of criteria for inclusion, with many summits of lesser prominence listed, principally because their summits are hard to reach.

Between April 2007 and July 2015 the Munro Society re-surveyed twenty mountains and tops that were known to be close to the 3,000 ft figure to determine their height more accurately.[9] On 10 September 2009 the society announced that the mountain Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean, south of Glen Carron, had a height of 2,996 feet 10 inches (913.43 m).[10] Therefore, the Scottish Mountaineering Club removed the Munro status of Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean and this mountain is now a Corbett.[11] In a Summer 2011 height survey by The Munro Society, Beinn a' Chlaidheimh was found to be 2,998 feet 8 inches (914 m) and thus short of the Munro mark. On 6 September 2012, the Scottish Mountaineering Club demoted it from Munro to Corbett status.[12][13] On 26 August 2020, the SMC confirmed that Beinn a' Chroin West Top at 938m was deleted as a Munro Top and Beinn a' Chroin East Top became the new Munro Top at 940.1m. The summit height of Beinn a' Chroin was also changed to 941.4m.[14] As of 10 December 2020, there were 226 Scottish Munro Tops after Stob Coire na Cloiche, a Munro Top to Parent Peak Sgùrr nan Ceathramhnan, was surveyed at 912.5m and was deleted as a Munro Top and downgraded to a Corbett Top.[15]

As of 10 December 2020, the Scottish Mountaineering Club lists 282 Munros and 226 Munro Tops. The current SMC list; totals 508 summits.


Notable peaks

The most famous Munro is Ben Nevis (Beinn Nibheis) in the Lochaber area. It is the highest peak in the British Isles, with an elevation of 4,411 ft (1,345 m)[16]

Other well-known Munros include:

Remotest Munros

  • Carn an Fhidhleir, 3,261 ft (994 m), from Linn of Dee via White Bridge has a distance of 11.40 miles
  • A' Mhaighdean, 3,173 ft (967 m), from Incheril via Gleann Bianasdail has a distance of 10.98 miles
  • Beinn Bheoil, 3,343 ft (1,019 m), from Rannoch Lodge via Ben Alder Cottage has a distance of 10.46 miles
  • Ruadh Stac Mor (Ruadh-Stac Mòr), 3,014 ft (918.7 m), from A832 near Corrie Hallie via Shenavall has a distance of 10.37 miles
  • Ben Alder (Beinn Eallair), 3,766 ft (1,148 m), from Corrour railway station via Loch Ossian has a distance of 10.34 miles
  • Mullach na Dheiragain, 3,222 ft (982 m), from A87 near Cluanie Inn via Alltbeithe has a distance of 10.25 miles
  • An Sgarsoch, 3,302 ft (1,006.5 m), from Linn of Dee via White Bridge has a distance of 10.16 miles

Peak bagging

Ben Hope is the most northerly Munro
Buachaille Etive Mòr's north-east face
The triple buttresses of Coire Mhic Fearchair on Beinn Eighe

When compared to continental ranges, such as The Alps, Scottish peaks are generally lesser in height. However, walking and climbing in them can still be dangerous due to their latitude and exposure to Atlantic and Arctic weather systems.[58][59] Even in summer, conditions can be atrocious; thick fog, strong winds, driving rain and freezing summit temperatures are not unusual.

Winter ascents of some Munros are serious undertakings due to the unpredictable weather, the likelihood of ice and snow, and poor visibility. Some walkers are unprepared for extreme weather on the exposed tops and fatalities are recorded every year, often resulting from slips on wet rock or ice.

The activity of attempting to climb every Munro is known as "Munro bagging". Munro-bagging is a form of peak bagging. A walker who has climbed all Munros is entitled to be called a Munroist. Descending a Munro by funicular is known as de-bagging.

Notable completions

The Scottish Mountaineering Club maintains a list of walkers who have reported completing the Munros. As of 9 October 2023, there are 7,581 names on the list.[60] (The club uses the spelling compleater for someone who has completed the Munros.)

Hugh Munro never completed his own list, missing out on Càrn an Fhidhleir and Càrn Cloich-mhuillin (downgraded to a Munro Top in 1981).[61] Sir Hugh is said to have missed the Inaccessible Pinnacle of Sgùrr Dearg, on the Isle of Skye, which he never climbed.[62] However the "In Pinn", as it is known colloquially within Scottish mountaineering, was only listed as a Munro Top on his list (despite being several metres higher than Sgùrr Dearg, which was listed as the main Munro Top).[63]

The first "completionist" was to be the Reverend A. E. Robertson, in 1901, later minister at Braes of Rannoch from 1907.[61] However, research has cast doubt on this claim, and it is not certain that he reached the summit of Ben Wyvis.[64] Also it is known that Robertson did not climb the Inaccessible Peak of Sgùrr Dearg.[65] If Robertson is discounted, the first Munroist is Ronald Burn, who completed in 1923. Burn is also (indisputably) the first person to climb all the Munro Tops.[61]

The person with the most rounds of Munros is Steven Fallon from Edinburgh, who has completed 16 rounds as of 1 October 2019.[66]

Chris Smith became the first Member of Parliament to complete the Munros when he reached the summit of Sgùrr nan Coireachan on 27 May 1989.[67]

Ben Fleetwood is probably the youngest person to have completed a round. He climbed the final Munro of his round – Ben More – on 30 August 2011 at the age of 10 years and 3 months.[68] The youngest completionist to have done the round without the presence of a parent or a guardian is probably Andy Nisbet, who finished his round in 1972 aged 18 years and 1 month.[68]

Continuous rounds

Hamish Brown did the first continuous self-propelled round of the Munros (except for the Skye and Mull ferries) between 4 April and 24 July 1974 with 449,000 ft (137,000 m) of ascent and mostly walking 1,639 miles (2,638 km) – just 150 miles (241 km) were on a bicycle. The journey is fully documented in his book Hamish's Mountain Walk.[69] The average time taken to bag all the Munros is eight years.[70]

In 1984 George Keeping accomplished the first continuous round of the Munros entirely on foot (and ferry) in 135 days. He went on to complete the English and Welsh 3,000 foot peaks in a further 29 days. [71]

The first reported completion of all the Munros plus the Munro Tops in one continuous expedition was by Chris Townsend in 1996. His trip lasted between 18 May and 12 September (118 days), he covered a distance of 1,770 miles (2,849 km) (240 miles or 386 kilometres by bicycle) with 575,000 ft (175,000 m) of ascent. The round was broken twice for spells at the office,[72] which could be regarded as stretching the meaning of "continuous".

The first person to complete a winter round (all the Munros in one winter season) was Martin Moran in 1984–85. His journey lasted between 21 December 1984 and 13 March 1985 (83 days), he walked 1,028 miles (1,654 km) with 412,000 ft (126,000 m) of ascent. He used motor transport (campervan) to link his walk.[73]

In the winter of 2005–06, Steve Perry completed a continuous unsupported round entirely on foot (and ferry).[74] He is also the first person to have completed two continuous Munro rounds, having also walked Land's End to John O'Groats via every mainland 3,000 ft mountain between 18 February 2003 and 30 September 2003.[75]

Fastest rounds

In 1990, international fell runner and maths teacher Hugh Symonds of Sedbergh, Yorkshire, ran all 277 Munros starting from Ben Hope. It took him 66 days and 22 hours. This also included running the other 3,000 foot peaks in Great Britain. Having achieved this in the short time of 83 days, when his target had been a hundred, he decided to add the Republic of Ireland tops to the list and still finished all 303 peaks in 97 days.[76]

In July 1992, Andrew Johnstone of Aberdeen and Rory Gibson of Edinburgh completed their mountain triathlon across the Munros, the 277 Scottish peaks over 3,000 ft, beating the existing record by five days. They began on 29 May and finished at 8.30pm on 15 July on the summit of Ben Hope, the most northerly Munro, completing a journey which began 51 days and 10 hours earlier on the Isle of Mull. After swimming lochs, cycling highland roads and running across some of the most desolate and dangerous terrain in Britain, they covered 1,400 miles.[77]

Charlie Campbell, a former postman from Glasgow, held the record for the fastest round of the Munros between 2000 and 2010. He completed his round in 48 days, 12 hours and 0 minutes, finishing on 16 July 2000, on Ben Hope. He cycled and swam between Munros; no motorised transport was used.[78]

Campbell's record was broken by Stephen Pyke of Stone, Staffordshire, in 2010 who completed the round in 39 days, 9 hours and 6 minutes. Pyke's round started on the Isle of Mull on 25 April 2010 and finished on Ben Hope in Sutherland on 3 June 2010. He cycled and kayaked between Munros; no motorised transport was used. He was backed by a support team in a motor home, but had to camp out in the more remote areas.[79]

On 18 September 2011, Alex Robinson and Tom O'Connell finished a self-propelled continuous round on Ben Hope in a time of 48 days, 6 hours and 56 minutes. At the age of just 21, Alex became the youngest person to have completed a continuous round without the use of any motorised transport.

On 17 September 2017, the women's self-propelled, continuous record was broken by Libby Kerr and Lisa Trollope in 76 days and 10 hours. This record would later be vastly broken by Jamie Aarons on 26 June 2023 who would also break the record for both the male and female fastest ever round.[80]

On 2 September 2020, Pyke's record was broken by Donnie Campbell of Inverness. He completed his round in 31 days, 23 hours and 2 minutes, starting on the Isle of Mull on 1 August 2020 and finished on Ben Hope on 2 September 2020. Campbell ran the 282 Munros and cycled and kayaked between them. On day 29, he was joined by previous record holder Stephen Pyke. Whilst ticking off Mòruisg in the cloud, he mistook the big cairn for the summit and had to head back up and so climbed the Munro twice. On day 31, he completed 18 Munros. He was supported by a crew travelling in his motorhome, who also shuttled his bike for him to follow a more linear route.[81][82]

On 26 June 2023, Jamie Aarons of California broke the previous record of fastest ever round held by former marine Donnie Campbell by more than 12 hours by completing a self-propelled continuous round in 31 days, 10 hours and 27 minutes. She also ran, cycled and kayaked between each of the Munros, covering a total of around 932 miles (1,500 km) on foot and about the same distance by bike. She began at Ben More on Mull and ended at Ben Klibreck in Sutherland, raising £14,000 for World Bicycle Relief.[3]

Furths

The SMC recognises six peaks in England, fifteen in Wales and thirteen in Ireland that would be Munros or Munro Tops if they were in Scotland. These are referred to as Furth Munros, i.e. the Munros furth of Scotland.[83] The first recorded Furthist is James Parker, who completed on Tryfan (Snowdonia) on 19 April 1929.[84]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Lew, Alan A. and Han, Guosheng (2015). A World Geography of Mountain Trekking. In G. Musa, A. Thompson-Carr and J. Higham, eds., Mountaineering Tourism, pp. (forthcoming). Oxford: Routledge. (pre-publication copy)
  2. ↑ "The Scottish Mountaineering Club – Completionists". The Scottish Mountaineering Club. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 "Jamie Aarons: Woman sets record for scaling Scotland's Munro mountains". BBC News. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  4. ↑ Bennet (ed.), The Munros: Scottish Mountaineering Club Hillwalkers' Guide, p. 1
  5. ↑ "About the Scottish Mountaineering Club". The Scottish Mountaineering Club. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
  6. ↑ McNeish, Cameron (14 December 2011). Munro Almanac. Neil Wilson Publishing. pp. VIII of 'Introduction'. ISBN 9781906476946.
  7. ↑ "Real Munros". Peakbaggers. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  8. ↑ "Metric Munros". Peakbaggers. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  9. ↑ Scaling the Heights: Measuring Scotland's Mountains. The Munro Society. 2018. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-9996293-0-4.
  10. ↑ "Hill Bagging:Sgurr nan Ceannaichean". HillBagging. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  11. ↑ "SMC confirm new Munro Table 10th Sept 09". The Scottish Mountaineering Club. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
  12. ↑ "Fisherfield Munro demoted to Corbett status after coming up short in survey". STV News. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  13. ↑ "Beinn a'Chlaidheimh: the Munro Society surveyors respond". Caledonian Mercury. 29 August 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  14. ↑ "The Database of British and Irish Hills – Beinn a' Chroin (2925, 1C), Beinn a' Chroin East Top (36, 1C) and Beinn a' Chroin West Top (37, 1C)". The Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 26 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  15. ↑ "The Database of British and Irish Hills – Stob Coire na Cloiche (850, 11A)". The Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 10 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  16. ↑ "Ben Nevis (Beinn Nibheis)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  17. ↑ "Ben Macdui (Beinn Macduibh)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  18. ↑ "Braeriach (Am Bràigh Riabhach)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  19. ↑ "Cairn Gorm (An Càrn Gorm)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  20. ↑ "Beinn Teallach". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  21. ↑ "Ben Hope (Beinn Hòb)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  22. ↑ "Mount Keen (Monadh Caoin)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  23. ↑ "Ben Lomond (Beinn Laomainn)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  24. ↑ "Sgùrr na Banachdaich". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  25. ↑ "Schiehallion (Sìdh Chailleann)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  26. ↑ "Bidean nam Bian". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  27. ↑ "Buachaille Etive Mòr (Buachaille Èite Mòr) (Stob Dearg)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  28. ↑ "Buachaille Etive Mòr (Buachaille Èite Mòr) (Stob na Bròige)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  29. ↑ "Aonach Eagach (Sgor nam Fiannaidh)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  30. ↑ "Aonach Eagach (Meall Dearg)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  31. ↑ "Buachaille Etive Beag (Buachaille Èite Beag) (Stob Dubh)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  32. ↑ "Buachaille Etive Beag (Buachaille Èite Beag) (Stob Coire Raineach)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  33. ↑ "Sgùrr Alasdair". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  34. ↑ "Sgùrr Dearg – Inaccessible Pinnacle". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  35. ↑ "Sgùrr a' Ghreadaidh". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  36. ↑ "Sgùrr nan Gillean". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  37. ↑ "Bruach na Frìthe". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  38. ↑ "Sgùrr Mhic Choinnich". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  39. ↑ "Sgùrr Dubh Mòr". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  40. ↑ "Am Basteir (Am Baisteir)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  41. ↑ "Sgùrr nan Eag". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  42. ↑ "Sgùrr a' Mhadaidh". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  43. ↑ "Blà Bheinn (Blaven)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  44. ↑ "Liathach (Spidean a' Choire Lèith)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  45. ↑ "Liathach (Mullach an Rathain)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  46. ↑ "Beinn Eighe (Ruadh-stac Mòr)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  47. ↑ "Beinn Eighe (Spidean Coire nan Clach)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  48. ↑ "Beinn Alligin (Beinn Àilleagan) (Sgùrr Mhòr)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  49. ↑ "Beinn Alligin (Beinn Àilleagan) (Tom na Gruagaich)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  50. ↑ "An Teallach (Bidean a' Ghlas Thuill)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  51. ↑ "An Teallach (Sgùrr Fiona)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  52. ↑ "Sgùrr na Cìche". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  53. ↑ "Ladhar Bheinn". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  54. ↑ "The Saddle (An Dìollaid)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  55. ↑ "A' Mhaighdean". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  56. ↑ "Slioch (Sleaghach)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  57. ↑ "Ben Cruachan (Cruach na Beinne)". Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH). 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  58. ↑ "The Mountains". Cairngorms National Park Authority. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  59. ↑ Sisley, Dominique (24 October 2018). "A survival guide to Munro bagging in the Scottish highlands". Huck Magazine. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  60. ↑ "Compleators". Scottish Mountaineering Club. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  61. 1 2 3 Peter Drummond. "In defence of A E Robertson". The Angry Corrie. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
  62. ↑ "The Munros" Page 5 Quote:"Sir Hugh himself never did manage the Inaccessible Pinnacle".
  63. ↑ "The Munros and Tops 1891–1997". 11 January 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
  64. ↑ Drummond, Peter; Ian Mitchell (1993). The First Munroist – the Reverend A E Robertson. Ernest Press.
  65. ↑ "Sgurr Dearg: The Inaccessible Pinnacle". Walking Stories. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  66. ↑ "Beinn Bhuidhe, Last Munro, 1 October 2019". 1 October 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  67. ↑ "Chris Smith, Scottish Mountaineering Club". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
  68. 1 2 Dan Bailey, "The Youngest Munro Completer", ukclimbing.com, 2 September 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  69. ↑ Brown, Hamish M. (1978). Hamish's Mountain Walk. Littlehampton Book Services.
  70. ↑ Russell, Fiona (5 January 2008). "Excess Baggage". The Herald Magazine. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
  71. ↑ DEMPSTER, ANDREW (2021). MURNOS a history. [S.l.]: LUATH PRESS LTD. ISBN 978-1-910022-98-6. OCLC 1287921905.
  72. ↑ Townsend, Chris (1997). The Munros and Tops: A Record Setting Walk in the Scottish Highlands. Mainstream Publishing.
  73. ↑ Moran, Martin (1986). The Munros in Winter: 277 summits in 83 days. David & Charles.
  74. ↑ "Interview: Steve Perry's Winter Munro Round". ukhillwalking.com. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  75. ↑ Steve Perry Completes Winter Munro Challenge, outdoorsmagic.com
  76. ↑ "Running High: The First Continuous Traverse of the 303 Mountains of Britain and Ireland". Fellrunner Magazine. June 2004. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  77. ↑ Howard, Rob (15 July 1992). "Triathlon: Keeping faith on the road to Ben Hope: A triathlon peak has been scaled in the Highlands this week". The Independent. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  78. ↑ "The Finale". Munro Run 2000. 16 July 2000. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  79. ↑ Watson, Jeremy (5 June 2010). "It's a marathon with a 10,000ft climb every day for five weeks – Munro record smashed". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  80. ↑ Moss, Tim (1 February 2018). "Running Up Every 'Munro' Mountain in Scotland". The Next Challenge. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  81. ↑ Brown, Nick (2 September 2020). "Donnie Campbell Breaks Munro Round Record". The Next Challenge. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  82. ↑ "'Toughest' Munro-bagging record broken by a week". BBC News. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  83. ↑ Bearhop, D.A. (1997). Munro's Tables. Scottish Mountaineering Club & Trust. ISBN 0-907521-53-3.
  84. ↑ Parker, James A. (1929). "Beinn Tarsuinn and the British 'Threes'". Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, XVIII, page 339.

General references

  • The Munros (SMC Guide), Donald Bennet et al., ISBN 0-907521-13-4
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Munros.
  • Scottish Mountaineering Club – The SMC maintain the lists of Munros, Munro Tops, Furths, Corbetts and Donalds. They also keep a record of Completionists.
  • Walkhighlands guide to the Munros – Features podcasts giving the correct pronunciation and place-name meanings, a 3D visualisation of every route, gradient profiles and route downloads for GPS devices.
  • MunroMagic.com – Munro, Corbett and Graham descriptions, pictures, location maps, walking routes and weather reports.
  • Hill Bagging – the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills – Survey reports, the change control database and the GPS database are on Hill Bagging.
  • The Munros and Tops 1891–1997 – Spreadsheet showing changes in successive editions of Munros Tables.
  • Ordnance Survey Munro Blog – OS is Britain's mapping agency. They make the most up-to-date and accurate maps of the United Kingdom. They have also produced a blog on the Munros.
  • Harold Street Munros Lists of GPS waypoints + Grid References for walking in UK mountains and hills in various GPS file formats.
  • ScottishHills.com – Hillwalking forum with Munro, Corbett, Graham and Donald, Sub 200's log, maps and trip reports.
  • 360Routes.com – Virtual Tours over the Scottish Mountains.
  • The Munro Society "Founded in 2002 membership is open to anyone who has climbed all the Munro summits as listed in Munro's Tables at the time of compleation".
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