Mycoblastus
Closeup of the lichen Mycoblastus sanguinarioides; scale bar is 1 mm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Tephromelataceae
Genus: Mycoblastus
Norman (1852)
Type species
Mycoblastus sanguinarius
(L.) Norman (1926)
Synonyms[1]

Mycoblastus is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae.[2] Members of the genus are commonly called blood lichens.[3][4]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Johannes Musaeus Norman, who selected the widespread Mycoblastus sanguinarius as the type species.[5] This species was one of many introduced by Carl Linnaeus in his influential 1753 work Species Plantarum, as Lichen sanguinarius.[6] In North America this species is colloquially known as the "bloody-heart lichen".[7]

In 1984 Josef Hafellner created the family Mycoblastaceae to contain this genus, but this family has since been placed in synonymy with the Tephromelataceae.[8]

Description

Mycoblastus species produce a grayish-white or greenish-gray crustose thallus that contains a green algal photobiont from the genus Trebouxia. The apothecia are typically large, hemmispherical, shiny black or dark pigmented, and lack a margin. There are highly branched and anastomosing paraphyses that form a network around the asci. The asci are lecanoralean (meaning an apothecium containing algae at least below the hypothecium and usually having a distinct amphithecium that often also contains algae) that mostly contain one or two, colorless, thick-walled ascospores.[7]

Species

As of April 2021, Species Fungorum accepts 14 species of Mycoblastus:[9]

  • Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) T.Schauer (1964) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
  • Mycoblastus alpinus (Fr.) Th.Fr. ex Hellb. (1885) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
  • Mycoblastus bryophilus Imshaug ex Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Campbell Island; Tasmania
  • Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P.James) Tønsberg (1992) – temperate oceanic areas of the Northern Hemisphere
  • Mycoblastus campbellianus (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926) – New Zealand; Tasmania; Campbell Island; Macquarie Island; Australia; Tierra del Fuego; Chile
  • Mycoblastus coniophorus (Elix & A.W.Archer) Kantvilas & Elix (2009)[10] – Chile; Juan Fernandez; Auckland Island; Macquarie Island; Prince Edward Island; Tasmania; Australia
  • Mycoblastus disporus (C.Knight) Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania; New Zealand
  • Mycoblastus kalioruber Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania
  • Mycoblastus leprarioides Kantvilas & Elix (2009)[10] – Australia
  • Mycoblastus oreotropicanus Kantvilas (2016)[11] – Papua New Guinea
  • Mycoblastus physodalicus Kantvilas (2016)[11] – Queensland, Australia
  • Mycoblastus sanguinarioides Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania; Australia
  • Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman (1926) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
  • Mycoblastus sinensis Kantvilas (2011)[12] – China

The species once known as Mycoblastus fucatus was transferred into a new genus, Violella, circumscribed in 2011 to contain it and other similar species with Biatora-type asci and unusual pigmentation in the hymenium.[13]

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Mycoblastus Norman, Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 25 (1852)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:11336/151990.
  3. ↑ "Name Search Results - USDA PLANTS". Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  4. ↑ "Blood Lichen - Mycoblastus - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  5. ↑ Norman, J.M. (1853). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonullorum lichenum". NYT Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne (in Latin). 7: 213–252.
  6. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1140.
  7. 1 2 Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 446. ISBN 978-0300082494.
  8. ↑ Kraichak, Ekaphan; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "A temporal banding approach for consistent taxonomic ranking above the species level". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 2297. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.2297K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02477-7. PMC 5442095. PMID 28536470.
  9. ↑ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Mycoblastus". Catalog of Life Version 2021-04-05. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kantvilas, Gintaras (2009). "The genus Mycoblastus in the cool temperate Southern Hemisphere, with special reference to Tasmania". The Lichenologist. 41 (2): 151–178. doi:10.1017/S0024282909008238. S2CID 84877735.
  11. 1 2 Kantvilas, Gintaras (2016). "Observations on some tropical species of the lichen genus Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastaceae)" (PDF). Austrobaileya. 9 (4): 539–545. doi:10.5962/p.299881. S2CID 260261422.
  12. ↑ Kantvilas, Gintaras (2011). "Mycoblastus sinensis, a new lichen species from China" (PDF). Journal of Japanese Botany. 86: 59–62.
  13. ↑ Spribille, Toby; Goffinet, Bernard; Barbara, Klug; Muggia, Lucia; Obermayer, Walter; Mayrhofer, Helmut (2011). "Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)". The Lichenologist. 43 (5): 445–466. doi:10.1017/S0024282911000478. PMC 3428935. PMID 22936837.
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