NGC 4302
SDSS image of NGC 4302. NGC 4298 can be seen to the right of the image.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension12h 21m 42.5s[1]
Declination14° 35′ 54″[1]
Redshift0.003833[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity1,149 km/s[1]
Distance55 Mly (17 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterVirgo Cluster
Apparent magnitude (V)13.6[1]
Characteristics
TypeSc[1]
Mass1.0×1011[2] M☉
Size~106,000 ly (32.5 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)2.78 × 0.75[1]
Other designations
CGCG 99-27, KCPG 332B, MCG 3-32-9, PGC 39974, UGC 7418, VCC 497[1]

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy[3] located about 55 million light-years away[3][4] in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784[5] and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.[4][6][7]

It is classified as a Seyfert galaxy and as a LINER galaxy.[3][8] It also has a prominent, extended dust lane.[9][10]

Physical characteristics

The disk of NGC 4302 contains extraplanar dust that is organized into filamentary structures and large dust complexes. The apparent bending of many of the large complexes toward the north of the galaxy appears to be due to an interaction with the intracluster medium caused by the motion of NGC 4302 as it falls into the Virgo Cluster.

The dense, dusty matter in the disk of NGC 4302 appears to be largely tracing matter ejected from the disk by energetic feedback from massive stars.[11]

Hubble Space Telescope image of the dust lane and bulge of NGC 4302

Extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas

First detected by Pildis et al.,[12] NGC 4302 has a faint but prominent layer of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (DIG) that extends out to a galactocentric radius of ~13,000 ly (4 kpc) and a height of ~6,500 ly (2 kpc) above the plane of the galaxy.[9][10][11][13][14]

The DIG appears to have been ionized by photoionization by OB stars.[13]

Box/Peanut Bulge

The presence of a boxy/peanut bulge in NGC 4302[15] suggests that the galaxy contains a thickened bar that is viewed edge-on.[16]

HI Disk

The HI disk of NGC 4302 is truncated to within the optical disk to the south of the galaxy.[16][17][18][19][20] This truncation appears to be the result of ram pressure.[16][17][19]

Tidal Bridge

Kantharia et al. and Zschaechner et al. both independently detected a tidal bridge between NGC 4302 and NGC 4298. The bridge is the result of a tidal interaction between the two galaxies.[2][21][22]

NGC 4302 & NGC 4298 (HST)

HI tail

First identified by Chung et al., NGC 4302 has a ~52,000 ly (16 kpc)[17] tail of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI)[2][11][16][17][18][20][23] that extends to the north of the galaxy.[16][17] The tail appears to be a result of ram pressure[2][11][16][17][23] or by a tidal interaction with NGC 4298.[18][23] However, NGC 4302 appears relatively undisturbed favoring the cause of the tail to be due to ram pressure.[23]

The HI tail is pointed away from M87 which suggests that NGC 4302 is falling into the center of the Virgo Cluster on a highly radial orbit.[16][17]

SN 1986E

NGC 4302 has hosted one supernova,[24] a Type IIL supernova designated as SN 1986E.[25][26] The supernova was discovered by G. Candeo at the Asiago Observatory on April 13, 1986, with an apparent magnitude of 14.5.[25][26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4302. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Zschaechner, Laura K.; Rand, Richard J.; Walterbos, Rene (2015-01-01). "Investigating Disk-halo Flows and Accretion: A Kinematic and Morphological Analysis of Extraplanar H I in NGC 3044 and NGC 4302". The Astrophysical Journal. 799 (1): 61. arXiv:1411.2593. Bibcode:2015ApJ...799...61Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/61. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119118897.
  3. 1 2 3 "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  4. 1 2 R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
  5. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  6. ↑ Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (September 1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II - A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area. V - Luminosity functions of Virgo Cluster galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 90: 1681. Bibcode:1985AJ.....90.1681B. doi:10.1086/113874. ISSN 0004-6256.
  7. ↑ "Detailed Object Classifications". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  8. ↑ Decarli, R.; Gavazzi, G.; Arosio, I.; Cortese, L.; Boselli, A.; Bonfanti, C.; Colpi, M. (2007-10-01). "The census of nuclear activity of late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (1): 136–150. arXiv:0707.0999. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..136D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12208.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 14937210.
  9. 1 2 Rand, Richard J. (1996-05-01). "Diffuse Ionized Gas in Nine Edge-on Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 462: 712. Bibcode:1996ApJ...462..712R. doi:10.1086/177184. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. 1 2 Rossa, J.; Dettmar, R.-J. (2000-07-01). "Extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in a small sample of nearby edge-on galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 359: 433–446. arXiv:astro-ph/0006301. Bibcode:2000A&A...359..433R. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Rueff, Katherine M.; Howk, J. Christopher; Pitterle, Marissa; Hirschauer, Alec S.; Fox, Andrew J.; Savage, Blair D. (2013-03-01). "The Relationship between the Dense Neutral and Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Thick Disks of Two Edge-on Spiral Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (3): 62. arXiv:1301.0325. Bibcode:2013AJ....145...62R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/3/62. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119277886.
  12. ↑ Pildis, Rachel A.; Bregman, Joel N.; Schombert, James M. (1994-05-01). "Extraplanar emission-line gas in edge-on galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 427: 160–164. Bibcode:1994ApJ...427..160P. doi:10.1086/174129. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. 1 2 Miller, Scott T.; Veilleux, Sylvain (2003-07-20). "Extraplanar Emission-Line Gas in Edge-On Spiral Galaxies. II. Optical Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (1): 79–110. arXiv:astro-ph/0304471. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592...79M. doi:10.1086/375620. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119447457.
  14. ↑ Heald, George H.; Rand, Richard J.; Benjamin, Robert A.; Bershady, Matthew A. (2007-07-10). "Integral Field Unit Observations of NGC 4302: Kinematics of the Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 663 (2): 933–947. arXiv:astro-ph/0604588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...663..933H. doi:10.1086/518087. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 14295363.
  15. ↑ Dettmar, R.-J.; Ferrara, A. (1996). "NIR Imaging of the Box/Peanut Bulge in NGC 4302". New Light on Galaxy Evolution. Vol. 171. p. 362. Bibcode:1996IAUS..171..362D. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0229-9_74. ISBN 978-0-7923-3976-2.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). "Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6): 1741–1816. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1741C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741. ISSN 0004-6256.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Vollmer, Bernd (2007-04-20). "Virgo Galaxies with Long One-Sided HI Tails". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): L115–L119. arXiv:astro-ph/0703338. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L.115C. doi:10.1086/518034. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13021118.
  18. 1 2 3 Wezgowiec, M.; Urbanik, M.; Beck, R.; Chyzy, K. T.; Soida, M. (September 2012). "The magnetic fields of large Virgo cluster spirals: Paper II". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A69. arXiv:1208.2845. Bibcode:2012A&A...545A..69W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201218871. ISSN 0004-6361.
  19. 1 2 Boissier, S.; Boselli, A.; Duc, P.-A.; Cortese, L.; van Driel, W.; Heinis, S.; Voyer, E.; Cucciati, O.; Ferrarese, L. (September 2012). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). II. Constraints on star formation in ram-pressure stripped gas". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A142. arXiv:1209.0272. Bibcode:2012A&A...545A.142B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219957. ISSN 0004-6361.
  20. 1 2 Vollmer, B.; Soida, M.; Beck, R.; Chung, A.; Urbanik, M.; Chyzy, K. T.; Otmianowska-Mazur, K.; Kenney, J. D. P. (May 2013). "Large-scale radio continuum properties of 19 Virgo cluster galaxies The influence of tidal interactions, ram pressure stripping, and accreting gas envelopes". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 553: A116. arXiv:1304.1279. Bibcode:2013A&A...553A.116V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321163. ISSN 0004-6361.
  21. ↑ Hota, Ananda. "GMRT Observations of the Group Holmberg 124". Ncra.tifr.res.in.
  22. ↑ Saha, Kanak; de Jong, Roelof; Holwerda, Benne (2009-06-11). "The onset of warps in Spitzer observations of edge-on spiral galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 396 (1): 409–422. arXiv:0902.4436. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.396..409S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14696.x.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Pappalardo, Ciro; Bianchi, Simone; Corbelli, Edvige; Giovanardi, Carlo; Hunt, Leslie; Bendo, George J.; Boselli, Alessandro; Cortese, Luca; Magrini, Laura (September 2012). "The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XI. Environmental effects on molecular gas and dust in spiral disks". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A75. arXiv:1207.5051. Bibcode:2012A&A...545A..75P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219689. ISSN 0004-6361.
  24. ↑ "List of supernovae sorted by host name". Bright Supernova - Archives. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  25. 1 2 Cappellaro, E.; della Valle, M.; Iijima, T.; Turatto, M. (1990-02-01). "Supernovae 1986 E, 1987 D, 1987 F - Photometric and spectroscopic observations". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 228: 61–68. Bibcode:1990A&A...228...61C. ISSN 0004-6361.
  26. 1 2 Montes, Marcos J.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Weiler, Kurt W.; Sramek, Richard A.; Panagia, Nino (1997-06-01). "Radio Detection of SN 1986E in NGC 4302". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 482 (1): L61–L64. arXiv:astro-ph/9703200. Bibcode:1997ApJ...482L..61M. doi:10.1086/310694. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119392320.
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