Analog television encoding systems by nation; NTSC (green), SECAM (orange), and PAL (blue)

NTSC-J or "System J" is the informal designation for the analogue television standard used in Japan. The system is based on the US NTSC (NTSC-M) standard with minor differences.[1] While NTSC-M is an official CCIR[2][3][4] and FCC[5][6][7] standard, NTSC-J or "System J" are a colloquial indicators.

The system was introduced by NHK and NTV, with regular color broadcasts starting on September 10, 1960.[8][9]

NTSC-J was replaced by digital broadcasts in 44 of the country's 47 prefectures on 24 July 2011. Analogue broadcasting ended on 31 March 2012 in the three prefectures devastated by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami (Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima) and the subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

The term NTSC-J is also incorrectly and informally used to distinguish regions in console video games, which use televisions (see Marketing definition below).

Technical definition

A list of analog television systems worldwide; "System J" of NTSC is designated in dark red

Japan implemented the NTSC standard with slight differences. The black and blanking levels of the NTSC-J signal are identical to each other[10] (both at 0 IRE, similar to the PAL video standard), while in American NTSC the black level is slightly higher (7.5 IRE) than blanking level - because of the way this appears in the waveform, the higher black level is also called pedestal. This small difference doesn't cause any incompatibility problems, but needs to be compensated by a slight change of the TV brightness setting in order to achieve proper images.

YIQ color encoding in NTSC-J uses slightly different equations and ranges from regular NTSC. has a range of 0 to +-334 (+-309 on NTSC-M), and has a range of 0 to +-293 (+-271 on NTSC-M).[11]

YCbCr equations for NTSC-J are , while on NTSC-M we have .[11]

NTSC-J also uses a white reference (color temperature) of 9300K instead of the usual NTSC standard of 6500K.[12][13][14]

The over-the-air RF frequencies used in Japan do not match those of the US NTSC standard. On VHF the frequency spacing for each channel is 6 MHz as in North America, South America, Caribbean, South Korea, Taiwan, Burma (Myanmar) the Philippines, except between channels 7 and 8 (which overlap). Channels 1 through 3 are reallocated for the expansion of the Japanese FM band. On UHF frequency spacing for each channel in Japan is the same, but the channel numbers are 1 lower than on the other areas mentioned - for example, channel 13 in Japan is on the same frequency as channel 14. For more information see Television channel frequencies. Channels 13-62 are used for analog and digital TV broadcasting.

The encoding of the stereo subcarrier also differs between NTSC-M/MTS and Japanese EIAJ MTS broadcasts.[15]

Marketing definition

The term NTSC-J was informally used to distinguish regions in console video games, which use televisions. NTSC-J is used as the name of the video gaming region of Japan (hence the "J"), South East Asia (some countries only), Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Philippines and South Korea (now NTSC-K) (formerly part of SE Asia with Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, etc.).[16][17]

Most games designated as part of this region will not run on hardware designated as part of the NTSC-U, PAL (or PAL-E, "E" stands for Europe) or NTSC-C (for China) mostly due to the regional differences of the PAL (SECAM was also used in the early 1990s) and NTSC standards.[18][19][20][17] Many older video game systems do not allow games from different regions to be played (accomplished by various forms of regional lockout); however more modern consoles either leave protection to the discretion of publishers, such as Microsoft's Xbox 360, or discontinue its use entirely, like Sony's PlayStation 3 (with a few exceptions).

China received its own designation due to fears of an influx of illegal copies flooding out of China, which is notorious for its rampant copyright infringements. There is also concern of copyright protection through regional lockout built into the video game systems and games themselves, as the same product can be edited by different publishers from one continent to another.

See also

Broadcast television systems
Related topics

References

  1. ↑ Parekh, Ranjan (July 1, 2013). Principles of Multimedia. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9781259006500 – via Google Books.
  2. ↑ Korea Electronics Association (1991). Journal of Korean Electronics (PDF).
  3. ↑ Alonso, Rodney Martínez; Pupo, Ernesto Fontes; Pan, Changyong (June 10, 2015). "Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in DTMB with 6MHz channel bandwidth". pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/BMSB.2015.7177274. ISBN 978-1-4799-5865-8. S2CID 11038252 – via IEEE Xplore.
  4. ↑ "C.C.I.R - DOCUMENTS OF THE Xlth PLENARY ASSEMBLY OSLO, 1966" (PDF).
  5. ↑ National Television System Committee (1951–1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12–19, with Some supplementary references cited in the Reports, and the Petition for adoption of transmission standards for color television before the Federal Communications Commission, n.p., 1953], 17 v. illus., diagrs., tables. 28 cm. LC Control No.:54021386 Library of Congress Online Catalog
  6. ↑ Herbert, Stephen (June 21, 2004). A History of Early Television. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415326681 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ Meadow, Charles T. (February 11, 2002). Making Connections: Communication through the Ages. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781461706915 – via Google Books.
  8. ↑ "1960-1961 : Begins Mass Production of Color TVs | Sharp Corporation | Sharp Global". global.sharp. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  9. ↑ Manners, David (2021-06-08). "Japan Starts Colour TV Broadcasts". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  10. ↑ Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003). Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080504308 – via Google Books.
  11. 1 2 Jack, Keith (September 21, 2004). Video Demystified. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080481623 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ Poynton, Charles (2003). Digital video and HDTV : algorithms and interfaces. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. p. 643. ISBN 9781558607927. ...it is standard for reference white to correspond to light having the spectral and/or colorimetric properties of CIE Illuminant D65 (except in Japan, where the standard white reference is 9300 K).
  13. ↑ "Recommendation BT.470-6: Conventional Television Systems" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. ITU. 30 November 1998. p. 16. Retrieved 5 November 2016. In Japan, the chromaticity of studio monitors is adjusted to a D-white at 9 300 K.
  14. ↑ "Guideline for Colorimetry for 1125/60 HDTV Production System" (PDF). Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (in Japanese). Association of Radio Industries and Businesses. 21 July 1998. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2016. "D93: D93は9,305 K色温度であり、日本におけるモニタの基準白色として使用されている。" [D93 represents a color temperature of 9,305 K, and it is the white reference used for monitors in Japan.]
  15. ↑ Numaguchi, Yasutaka (December 1979). "Present Status of Multichannel-Sound Television Broadcasting in Japan". IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. BC-25 (4): 128–136. doi:10.1109/TBC.1979.266340. S2CID 19830970.
  16. ↑ "PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-J List". psxdatacenter.com. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  17. 1 2 "NTSC-J And NTSC-U PSone Classics Confirmed For SCEE". PlayStation.Blog. 2011-08-01. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  18. ↑ "PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-U List". psxdatacenter.com. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  19. ↑ "PlayStation DataCenter - PAL List". psxdatacenter.com. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  20. ↑ "Sony PlayStation 2 (NTSC-U/C) | Game Metadata and Citation Project Controlled Vocabularies". gamemetadata.soe.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
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