Naji Shawkat
Prime Minister of Iraq
In office
3 November 1932 – 20 March 1933
MonarchFaisal I
Preceded byNuri as-Said
Succeeded byRashid Ali al-Gaylani
Personal details
Born1891 (1891)
Kut, Ottoman Empire
Died1980 (1981)
RelativesSaib Shawkat (brother)

Muhammad Naji Shawkat Bey (Arabic: ناجي شوكت) (May 26, 1891 – May 11, 1980) was an Iraqi politician who served as the prime minister of Iraq under King Faisal I.[1]

Early life

Muhammad Naji Shawkat was born to an Arabized family of Georgian[2] origins in the Iraqi town of al-Kut where his father was stationed as provincial governor. He had three brothers: Saaib, Sami and Rifat and a sister. Concurrent with Naji's conclusion of his school education in Baghdad, his father was elected to the Ottoman parliament of 1909, thereby providing him with the opportunity to join the Ottoman Law School in Istanbul.[1]

Military service

Naji Shawkat was the assistant general prosecutor in the Iraqi city of al-Hila when World War I broke out, upon which he interrupted his legal career and joined the Ottoman army as a reserve officer. After two years of involvement in the Ottoman military defense of Iraq, Shawkat was captured by the advancing British troops in March 1917.[1] He was subsequently taken to a British Indian prison camp where he, like many other detained Arab officers, was offered the choice of joining the Arab Revolt, an offer he promptly accepted.

Political career

Naji Shawkat Ministry

The Ministry of Naji Shawkat consisted of the following ministers:[3]

  • Finance Minister, Nusrat Al-Farsi
  • Minister of Justice, Jamil Al-Wadi
  • Minister of Economy and Communications, Jalal Baban
  • Minister of Defense, Rashid Al-Khoja
  • Foreign Minister, Abdul Qadir Rashid
  • Minister of Education, Abbas Mahdi

Prime Minister of Iraq

In 1932, Shawkat was called on by Faisal to head a non-partisan government that was intended to clear the political congestion which accompanied the signing of the Anglo-Iraqi treaty. Faced with strong opposition from within the Iraqi political establishment and the anti-treaty campaign, Shawkat's government lasted only five months. Thereafter, he was appointed as representative of Iraq in Ankara where he cultivated strong relations with the Turkish ruling circles and developed a sense of admiration for modern Turkey.

Afterwards, Shawkat worked as a minister in Ankara. During the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état, he was appointed at the Minister of Interior. Following the fall of the regime in the Anglo-Iraqi War, Shawkat fled to Iran, then to South Africa. He was later brought to trial in Iraq, and sentenced to 15 years in prison for treason by a military court. Shawkat was pardoned in 1948.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The Who's Who of Iraq" (PDF).
  2. ↑ Ghareeb, Edmund A. (2004), Historical Dictionary of Iraq, p. 220. Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-4330-7.
  3. ↑ Simon, Reeva S. (2004). Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13214-5.
  4. ↑ "Coll 17/10(4) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [257r] (513/1031)". Qatar Digital Library. 2017-08-11. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
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