The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time. In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.[1]

M

English name Other names or former names
Netherlands Maastricht Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*), Mastriht (Serbian), Maseuteuriheuteu/Masŭt'ŭrihŭt'ŭ - 마스트리흐트 (Korean), Maestricht (former French, Romanian variant), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Portuguese rare*, Spanish), Māsutorihito - マーストリヒト (Japanese)*, Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin)
Spain Madrid Madrid (Afrikaans, Asturian, Azeri, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Mǎdélǐ - 馬德里 (Traditional Chinese), Mǎdélǐ - 马德里 (Simplified Chinese), Madeurideu/Madŭridŭ - 마드리드 (Korean), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese)*, Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid - Мадрид (Bulgarian, Russian), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madril (Basque), Madrit (Old Catalan), Madryd - Мадрыд (Belarusian), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), مدريد (Arabic), मद्रीद (Hindi), مادرید (Persian), মাদ্রিদ - Madrid (Bengali),
Belarus Mahilyow Mahiloŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Mogiļeva or Mahiļova (Latvian), Mogilyov - Могилёв (Russian), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliavas (Lithuanian), Mohyliov - Могильов (Ukrainian), Mohyliv - Могилів (Ukrainian variant)
Germany Mainz Määnz (local dialect), Mentz (early modern English), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Maienţa (old Romanian), Mainca (Latvian), Maincheu/Mainch'ŭ - 마인츠 (Korean), Maintsu - マインツ (Japanese)*, Mainz (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Meenz (former local dialect), Měiyīncí - 美因茨 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak)
Hungary Makó Macǎu (Romanian), Makó (Hungarian), Makov (Slovak), Makov - מאַקאָוו (Yiddish), Makowa (German)
Sweden Malå Maalege, (Southern Sami), Malå (Swedish), Máláge (Ume Sami)
Spain Málaga Málaga (German, English, Basque, French, Galician, Interlingue, Italian, Portuguese), Màlaga (Catalan), Malaga (Kabyle, Ladino, Polish), Malago (Esperanto), Malaca (Latin), مالقة (Arabic), Málaga - מאלגה (Hebrew), Málaga - 马拉加 (Chinese), Mallaga - 말라가 (Korean)*, Maraga - マラガ (Japanese)*
Poland Malbork Malborg (Romanian), Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
Belgium Malmedy Malmedy (Dutch, French, German), Malmünde (former German)
Sweden Malmö Ellenbogen (former German), Malme (Latvian), Malmo (Portuguese) Malmø (Danish),Málmey (Icelandic) Malmö (Azeri, Finnish, German, Swedish, Turkish), Malmő (Hungarian), Malmoe - 말뫼 (Korean), Malmogia (Latin), Marume - マルメ (Japanese)*, MǎěrMò - 马尔默 (simplified) 馬爾默 (traditional) (Chinese), Malme - מאלמה (Hebrew), মালমা - Malma (Bengali)
United KingdomEngland Manchester Manchain (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), Maencheseuteo/Maench'esŭt'ŏ - 맨체스터 (Korean), Mamucium (Latin), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Mançester (Albanian), Mànchèsītè - 曼彻斯特 (simplified) 曼徹斯特 (traditional) (Chinese), Manchéster (Portuguese), Manchesutā - マンチェスター (Japanese)*, Manchuin (Manx)*, Mankhestría - Μαγχεστρία (Greek), منچستر (Persian), ম্যানচেস্টার - Mencheshtar (Bengali)
Italy Mantua Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Hungarian, Czech, Maltese, Romanian, Slovak), Mantobha (Scottish Gaelic), Mantua (Dutch, German, Latin, Spanish), Màntua (Catalan), Mântua (Portuguese), Mantoba/Mant'oba - 만토바 (Korean)
Slovenia Maribor Marburg an der Drau (German), Marburgo (Portuguese, Italian), Maribor (Azeri, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian), Марибор (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian)
FinlandÅland Mariehamn Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish), Maríuhöfn (Icelandic)
Germany Marktredwitz Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
France Marseille Marselha* (Occitan), Marselha (Portuguese)*, Marseille (Finnish*, French*, Swedish*, Scottish Gaelic*), Marsiglia (Italian)*, Marseilla (Basque)*, Marsella (Catalan*, Spanish*, Tagalog*), Mạc Xây or Mac-xây (Vietnamese), Marcel - Մարսել (Armenian), Mareuseyu/Marŭseyu - 마르세유 (Korean), Marsey - מרסיי (Hebrew)*, Marseilles (English variant)*, Marsejlo (Esperanto)*, Marsel (Azeri*, Marsel’ - Марсель (Russian)*, Marseļa (Latvian)*, Marselis (Lithuanian)*, Marselj (Serbian), Marseya (Ladino)*, Marsigghia (Sicilian)*, Marsigla (Romansh), Marsilia (Romanian)*, Marsilja (Maltese), Marsīliyā - مارسيليا (Arabic)*, Marsilya (Turkish*), Marsylia (Polish)*, Maruseiyu - マルセイユ (Japanese)*, Masalía - Μασσαλία (Greek)*, Massilia (Latin)*, مارسی (Persian), MǎSài - 马赛 (simplified) 馬賽 (traditional) (Chinese)
Belgium Mechelen Malinas (Spanish), Malines (French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name), Mekeln (Gronings)
Germany Meißen Maisen - マイセン (Japanese)*, Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Dutch, English, French, Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
Austria Melk Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German)
France Menton Menton (French), Mentone (Italian)
Italy Messina Missina (Sicilian), Messina (Azeri, Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish), Mesīna (Latvian), Mesina (Spanish), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messhīna - メッシーナ (Japanese)*, Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Micina (Old Spanish),
France Metz Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Méty (Czech), Metz (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian)
Ukraine Medzhybizh Medschybisch (German), Medžibož - Меджибож (Russian), Medžybiž (Finnish), Medžybiž - Меджибіж (Ukrainian), Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish)
Romania Miercurea-Ciuc Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
Finland Mikkeli Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish)
Czech Republic Mikulov Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
Italy Milan Milano (Croatian, Danish, Esperanto, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Mailand (Former Danish, German), Majland (Old Hungarian), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana - Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Milan (Azeri, French, Friulian, Maltese, Milanese, Slovene), Milán (Czech, Galician, Spanish), Mǐlán - 米兰 (simplified) 米蘭 (traditional) (Chinese), Milāna (Latvian), Milanas (Lithuanian), Milano - Милано (Bulgarian), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Miláno (Slovak), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milaun (Romansh), Millano - 밀라노 (Korean), Mirano - ミラノ (Japanese)*, میلان (Persian)
Belarus Minsk Miensk - Менск (classical Belarusian), Minseukeu/Minsŭk'ŭ - 민스크 (Korean), Minsk (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Minsk - Мінск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minsque (Portuguese)*, Minsuku - ミンスク (Japanese)*, Minxcơ (Vietnamese), Minszk (Hungarian), مینسک (Persian), MíngSīKè - 明斯克 (simplified) 明斯克 (traditional) (Chinese), Mionsc (Irish, alternate Scottish Gaelic*)
Italy Mirandola La Miràndla or La Miràndula (Emilian*), Mǐlándoulā - 米兰多拉 (semplified) 米蘭多拉 (traditional) (Chinese*), Mirándola (Galician, Portuguese, Spanish) - Μιράντολα (Greek), Miràndola (Catalan), Mirandole (French), Mirandora - ミランドラ (Japanese*), Mirandula (Latin*)
Hungary Miskolc Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian)
Romania Moineşti Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian)
Italy Modena Modena (Dutch, English, German, Irish, Italian, Scottish Gaelic), Modène (French), Módena (Galician, Portuguese, Spanish), Mòdena (Catalan), Mutina (Latin), MōDiǎnNà - 摩德納 (simplified) 摩典納 (traditional) (Chinese)
Monaco Monaco Munegu (Monegasque), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Mônaco (Brazilian Portuguese), Mónàgē - 摩納哥 (Traditional Chinese), Mónàgē - 摩纳哥 (Simplified Chinese), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Azeri, Basque, Bosnian, Croatian, Esperanto, Frisian, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - (Hungarian) Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monako - モナコ (Japanese)*, Monako - Монако (Bulgarian), Monako/Monak'o - 모나코 (Korean), Mònec (Old Catalan), Mònaco (Catalan)
Italy Monfalcone Tržič (Slovene), Falkenberg (German)
Belgium Mons Berg (Limburgish), Bergen (Afrikaans*, Dutch, German), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (Afrikaans variant, French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon)
Germany Monschau Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
France Montbéliard Mömpelgard (former German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian)
Italy Monza Montsch (former German), Montsa - モンツァ (Japanese)*, Monza (Italian, Maltese)
Poland Morąg Mohrungen (German), Morąg (German, Polish)
Russia Moscow Moskva (Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Moskva - Москва (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscau (Romansh), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (Catalan, French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Galician, Romanian), Moscovo (European Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Mosgo/Moscobha (Scottish Gaelic) *, Moska (Maltese), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Mòsīkē - 莫斯科 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva - Մոսկվա (Armenian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Standard written Yiddish), Moskiv - מאָסקעװ (spoken Southeastern Yiddish), Moskeve - מאָסקעװע (spoken Central Yiddish), Mosku (Tagalog*) Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Indonesian, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese)*, Moszkva (Hungarian), موسكو Mūskū (Arabic), Matxcơva or Mạc Tư Khoa (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Moseukeuba/Mosŭk'ŭba - 모스크바 (Korean), مسکو (Persian), Moskë (Albanian)
Hungary Mosonmagyaróvár Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German), Uhorský Starhrad (Slovak)
Croatia Motovun Montona (Italian), Motovun (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian)
Belgium Mouscron Moeskroen (Dutch), Mouscron (French)
Belarus Mstsislaw Amścisłaŭ - Амсьціслаў (Taraškievica Belarusian*), MscisłaŭМсціслаў (Belarusian*), Mścisłaŭ - Мсьціслаў (alternative Belarusian), Mscislav - Мсцислав (Serbian*), Mscislava (Latvian*), Mscislavas (Lithuanian*), Mścisław (Polish)*,[KNAB] Mstislav - Мстислав (alternative Serbian), MstislavǎlМстиславъл (Bulgarian*), Mstislavl′Мстиславль (Russian*),[KNAB] Mstislavlis (archaic Lithuanian), Mstsislau (Finnish*), Mstyslavl′Мстиславль (Ukrainian*), Mszislau (German*), Mǔsīqísīlāfū姆斯齊斯拉夫 (Mandarin Chinese*), Musutsisurauムスツィスラウ (Japanese*)
Ukraine Mukachevo Moukatchevo (French), Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukačava - Мукачава (Belarusian), Mukaçevo (Crimean Tatar), Mukacheve - Мукачеве (Ukrainian variant), Mukachevo - Мукачево (Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
France Mulhouse Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish), Milouzi - Μυλούζη (Greek)
Germany Munich Minca (Romansh), Minga (Bavarian), Minhen (Bosnian, Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish, Hebrew); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Myunkhen - Мюнхен (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Mnichów (old Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Frisian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish, Scottish Gaelic *), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnic (Galician), Munic (Catalan), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Mùníhēi - 慕尼黑 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian), Muunsjen (Gronings), Myunhen - ミュンヘン (Japanese)*, Mwinhen - 뮌헨 (Korean), مونیخ (Persian), Mynih (Albanian)
France Munster Munster (French *, German*), Münster im Elsaß (German*)
Germany Münster Minstere (Latvian), Monastério (Portuguese)*, Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish),뮌스터 (Korean)
Spain Murcia Murcia (Spanish, English, German), Múrcia (Portuguese, Catalan), Murcie (French), Mursiya (Arabic), Mursyah (Hebrew)
Russia Murmansk Moermansk (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Mureumanseukeu/Murŭmansŭk'ŭ - 무르만스크 (Korean), Mourmansk (French), Murmanska (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Múrmansk (Icelandic), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Murumansuku - ムルマンスク (Japanese)*, Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish), Muurman or Murmánska (Sami), Romanov-on-Murman (former name)
Ukraine Mykolaiv Mikałajeŭ - Мікалаеў (Belarusian), Mikołajów (Polish), Mikolajiv (Hungarian), Mıkolayiv (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Mîkolaiv or Nicolaev (Romanian), Mykolaiv - Миколаїв (Ukrainian, Rusyn), Mykolaïv (French, Italian), Mykolajiv (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Swedish), Mykolajiw (German), Nik'olaevi - ნიკოლაევი (Georgian), Nikolayev - Николаев (Bulgarian, Russian), Balaban (Crimean Tatar historic name)

N

English name Other names or former names
Hungary Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa or Kanizsa (Hungarian), Kan(j)iža (Croatian), Velika Kan(j)iža (Croatian, Großkirchen (German), Groß-Kanizsa (German), Velika Kaniža (Slovene), Kanije (Turkish), Velika KanјižaВелика Кањижа (Serbian).
Belgium Namur Namen (Dutch, former German), Nameur (Walloon), Namur (Albanian, French, German, Romanian)
France Nancy Nanci (Portuguese, rare)*, Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German, Rhine Franconian), 낸시 (Korean), NansiНанси (Serbian).
France Nantes Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nanto - ナント (Japanese)*, Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo), NantНант (Serbian)
Greece Naoussa Náousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish)
Italy Naples Napule (Neapolitan), Napoli (Albanian*, Italian, Indonesian*, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Naples (French, Scots*), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoles (Tagalog*) Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napori - ナポリ (Japanese)*, Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol’ - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian), Neap'oli - ნეაპოლი (Georgian*)
France Narbonne Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese*, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), NarbonaНарбона (Serbian)
Norway Narvik Áhkanjárga (Northern Sami), Narviika (Northern Sami alternate), Narvique (Portuguese)*, Narwik (Polish), Narbhaig (Scottish Gaelic), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean)
Belarus Navahrudak Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian)
Spain Nerja Nerja (Spanish), Narixa (Arabic)
Switzerland Neuchâtel Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German), NešatelНешател (Serbian)
United KingdomEngland Newcastle upon Tyne An Caisteal Nuadh (Scottish Gaelic*), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), Newcastle upon Tyne (Dutch *, French*, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Scots*, Spanish*, Welsh*), 纽卡素 (Chinese), Njukasl na TajnuЊукасл на Тајну (Serbian)
United KingdomWales Newport (Monmouthshire) Casnewydd (Welsh*, Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Novus Burgus (Latin), NjuportЊупорт (Serbian)
France Nice Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nice (Albanian*, French*, Portuguese*, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish*, Welsh* ), Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian, Maltese, former Swedish*), Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Nīsu - ニース (Japanese)*, Niza (Spanish* Tagalog*), Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian)
Netherlands Nieuweschans Bad Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch), Nijeskâns (Frisian), Schaanze/Nijschaanze (Gronings)
Netherlands Nijmegen Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese variant, Spanish), Nimegue (Portuguese)*, Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian), NajmegenНајмеген (Serbian), Nymwegen (Frisian)
France Niort

Niort (France,Spanish,Portuguese,German,Finnish,Italian,Polish,Romanian), Niōru - ニオール (Japanese)*, Novioritum (Latin), Ньор (Russian)

Serbia Niš Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niş (Turkish*), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nissa (English, traditional name, Italian), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu), Naissus (Latin)
Belgium Nivelles Nijvel (Dutch), Nisch (German),
Russia Nizhny Novgorod Ala osh - Ала ош (Moksha), Alauz'lidn (Veps), Aloosh - Алоош (Erzya), Alyn Novgorod - Алын Новгород (Sakha), Čulhula - Чулхула (Chuvash), Dood Novgorod - Доод Новгород (Mongol), Gorky (former name 1932–90), Lejasnovgoroda (former Latvian), Makarya - Макарья/Макаръя (Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian), Nijeuninobeugorodeu/Nichŭninobŭgorodŭ - 니즈니노브고로드 (Korean), Nijgar - Нижгар (alternative name in Tatar)*, Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish), Nyizsnyij Novgorod (Hungarian), Tübän Novgorod - Түбән Новгород (Tatar)*, Ugarman - Угарман (Hill Mari, Meadow Mari), Xiànuòfūgēluódé - 下诺夫哥罗德 (Chinese)
Sweden Norsjö Nåarene (Southern Sami), Norsjö (Swedish), Nuoráne (Ume Sami)
Russia Novgorod see Veliky Novgorod
Serbia Novi Sad Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Nobisadeu / Nobisadŭ - 노비사드 (Korean)*, Novi Sad (Azeri, Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Montenegrin, Macedonian, Ruthenian, Russian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Novi Trist (Danish), Novi Triste (French, Italian), Novi Verdrietig (Dutch) Újvidék (Hungarian)
Poland Nowy Sącz Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Novy-Sonch - Новы-Сонч (Russian), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish), Újszandec (old Hungarian)
Italy Nuoro Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian)
Germany Nuremberg Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Indonesian*, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Nämberch (Franconian), Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberch (West Frisian), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), NirnbergНирнберг (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niǔlúnbǎo - 纽伦堡 (Chinese), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak, Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Nuremberg (Scots*), Núremberg (Spanish), Nurembergu (Albanian),Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean), Nyurumberuku - ニュルンベルク (Japanese)*, نورمبرگ (Persian)
DenmarkGreenland Nuuk Godthåb (Danish)*

O

English name Other names or former names
France Obernai Oberehnheim (German*), Obernai (French*, German*)
Hungary Óbuda (now part of Budapest) Alt-Ofen or Alt-Buda (German*), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech)
Ukraine Ochakiv Ochakiv - Очаків (Ukrainian), Vozia or Oceacov (Romanian), Alektoros - Ἀλέκτορος (Greek), Ochakov - Очаков (Russian), Özü (Crimean Tatar)
Ukraine Odesa Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odesa - Одеса (Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Odesa - 오데사 (Korean), Oděsa (Czech), Odessa (Azeri, Polish, Turkish variant), Odessa - Одесса (Russian), Odessza (Hungarian), Odhisós - Οδησσός (Greek)
Denmark Odense Odense (Danish), Odensė - Òdensė (Lithuanian), Óðinsvé or Óðinsey (Old Norse), Othensia (Latin), Ottensee (German), Ottonia (Latin)
North Macedonia Ohrid Akhrídha - Αχρίδα (Greek variant), Ochryda (Polish), Ocrida (Italian), Ohër (Albanian), Ohri (Turkish), Ohrid - Охрид (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Ohrid (Slovenie), Okhrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek). Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnis, Lychnidos
Italy Olbia Olbia (Italian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranoa (Sardinian), Terranova Pausania (former Italian)
Germany Oldenburg Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenbörg (Gronings), Oldenburg (German), Ollenborg (Low Saxon), Ooldenbuurich (Saterland Frisian), Starogard (Polish, Serbian)
Poland Olkusz Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942–45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish)
Czech Republic Olomouc Alamóc (archaic Hungarian), Holomóc (Hanakian Czech dialect), Iuliomontium (Latin), Olmütz (German), Olomóc (Hanakian Czech dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomucium (Latin), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish)
Denmark Ølstykke Elstiukė (Lithuanian), Ølstykke (Danish, Norwegian)
Poland Olsztyn Allenstein (German), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Ol'štyn - Ольштын (Russian), Olsztyn (Polish)
Romania Onești Onești (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian)
Croatia Opatija Abbazia (Italian, Austrian German), Abbázia (Hungarian), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi ( German, historic)
Czech Republic Opava Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
Poland Opole Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German)
Romania Oradea Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish), Veliki Varadin - Велики Варадин (Serbian)
Germany Oranienburg Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German)
Sweden Örebro Örebro (Swedish)
Russia Orenburg Arenburh - Арэнбург (Belarusian*), Ărenpur - Ăренпур (Chuvash*), Chkalov (English 1938–1957), Čkalov - Чкалов (Russian 1938–1957),[KNAB] Irımbur - Ырымбур (Bashkir*),[KNAB] Irınbur - Ырынбур (Tatar*), Oremburgo (Portuguese*, Spanish*), Orenbourg (French*),[KNAB] Orenburg (German*), Orenburg - Оренбург (Russian*),[KNAB] Orenburgum (Latin*), Orenburh - Оренбург (Ukrainian*), Orınbor - Орынбор (Kazakh*),[KNAB] Orynbor - Орынбор (Meadow Mari*)
Italy Oristano Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristán (Spanish), Oristano (Italian), Oristany (Catalan)
Sweden Örnsköldsvik Örnsköldsvik (Swedish), Orrestaare (Southern Sami)
Croatia Osijek Esseg (former German), Eszék (Hungarian), Mursa (Latin), Osek (Slovene), Osiek (Polish, early Croatian), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijek - Осијек (Serbian), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Osik (Ikavian - Shokac), `Ōsīyēk - โอซีเยค (Thai)
Norway Oslo Àosīlù - 奧斯陸 (Chinese), Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624–1925), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oseullo/Osŭllo - 오슬로 (Korean), Oslas (Lithuanian), Oslo (Azeri, Indonesian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots *, Scottish Gaelic *, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Oslove (Southern Sami), Osuro - オスロ (Japanese)*, Ūslū (Arabic), اسلو (Persian)
Germany Osnabrück Ansibarium (Latin),[2] Àosīnàbùlǔkè - 奧斯納布魯克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Osenbrugge (archaic Dutch), Oseunabeulwikeu - 오스나브뤼크 (Korean*), Osnabrik - Оснабрик (Serbian*), Osnabruga (Latin*), Osnabrugge (archaic Dutch), Osnabrück (Dutch*, German*, Romanian*, Turkish*), Osnabrük - (archaic Estonian),[KNAB] Osnabruque (Portuguese alternative*), Osnaburg (archaic English), Osnabryuk - Оснабрюк (Bulgarian*, Russian*,[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Osnebrog (Gronings), Ossenbrügge (Westphalian/Low German*), Osunaburyukku - オスナブリュック (Japanese*)
Belgium Ostend Oostende (Dutch, Irish*, Scottish Gaelic), Ostándi - Οστάνδη (Greek), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostinde (Walloon)
Sweden Östersund Luvlieluspie (former Southern Sami), Östersund (Swedish), Østersund (Danish, Norwegian), Staare (Southern Sami)
Czech Republic Ostrava Ostrau (German), Ostrava (Czech, Slovak, Slovene), Ostrava - Острава (Bulgarian), Ostrawa (Polish)
Poland Ostróda Osterode (German), Ostróda (Polish)
Poland Ostrów Wielkopolski Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish), Ostrowo (German)
Poland Oświęcim Àosīwēixīn - 奧斯威辛 (Chinese), švits (Persian), Auschwitz (former German*, Romanian), Aushvitsa (Romani), Aušvice (former Latvian), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osventsim - Освенцим (Russian), Osvencima (Latvian), آشویتس Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romani), Oświęcim (Polish, German*, Italian, Scottish Gaelic)
Croatia Otočac Àotuōchácí奧托查茨 (Mandarin Chinese*), Otočac (Croatian*, German, English, Slovenian*), OtočacОточац (Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Otocsán (Hungarian*), Ottocaz (archaic Italian, archaic German), Ottochaz (archaic German, archaic English), Ottocio (Italian),[3] Ottocium (Latin*),[4] Ottocsaz (archaic German), Ottotschaz (archaic German), Ottotschan (archaic German)
Belgium Oudenaarde Audenarde (French), Oudenarde (old English), Audenaerde (old Flemish)
Finland Oulu Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish, Latvian), Uleåborg (Norwegian, Swedish), Uloa (Latin)
Sweden Överkalix Badje-Gáinnas (Northern Sami), Badje-Gájnaj (Lule Sami), Överkalix (Swedish), Ylikainus (Meänkieli), Ylikainuu (Finnish)
Sweden Övertorneå Badjeduornos (Lule Sami), Badje-Duortnus (Northern Sami), Matarengi (Meänkieli, former Swedish), Matarenki (Finnish), Övertorneå (Swedish), Ylitornio (Finnish alternate)
United KingdomEngland Oxford Àth nan Damh (Scottish Gaelic *), Áth na nDamh (Irish *), Niújìn - 牛津 (Chinese), Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese)*, Okseupodeu/Oksŭp'odŭ - 옥스포드 (Korean), Oksford (Azeri, Polish, Serbian), Oksforda (Latvian), Uxnafurða (Icelandic), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxford (Scots *), Oxford - Оксфорд (Bulgarian, Russian), Oxonia (Latin), Oxónia (Portuguese, rare), Resoghen (Cornish), Rhydychen (Welsh)
Italy Ozieri Ocier (Spanish, Catalan), Othieri (Sardinian), Ozieri (Italian)

P

English name Other names or former names
Italy Padua Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Maltese, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Padoa (Venetian), Pádova (Hungarian), Padua (Dutch, German, medieval Latin, Scots, Spanish, Swedish), Pádua (Portuguese), Pàdua (Catalan), Paduja (Latvian), Paduya - Падуя (Russian), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian), Pàdoa (Piedmontese), Pádhoua - Πάδουα / Pádhova - Πάδοβα (Greek), Patavium (classical Latin), პადუა (Georgian), Padoba/P'adoba - 파도바 (Korean),帕多瓦(Chinese)
Sweden Pajala Bájal (Lule Sami, Northern Sami alternate), Bájil (Northern Sami), Bájel (Lule Sami alternate), Pajala (Finnish, Meänkieli, Swedish)
Italy Palermo Balharm or Balerm (Arabic), Palerm (Catalan), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian), Palermo - Палермо (Russian), Palermas (Lithuanian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots*, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Pallereumo/P'allerŭmo - 팔레르모 (Korean), Pánormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Panormus (Latin), Parerumo - パレルモ (Japanese)*, პალერმო (Georgian),巴勒莫(Chinese)
Spain Palma Palma (Catalan, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Irish, Latin), Palma de Mallorca (Danish, Dutch, Polish, Spanish), Palma de Malhorca (Occitan), Palma de Maiorca (Portuguese), Palma di Maiorca (Italian) 팔마 (Korean)
Spain Pamplona Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Iruñea (Basque), Pamplona (Azeri, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pampeullona / P'amp'ŭllona - 팜플로나 (Korean)*, Pompaelo (Latin), პამპლონა (Georgian),潘普洛纳(Chinese)
Lithuania Panevėžys Poniewież (Polish), Ponevezh - Паневежис (Russian), Ponewesch (German), פּאָנעװעזש - Ponevezh (Yiddish), Panevēža (Latvian), პანევეჟისი (Georgian), Ponevěž (old Czech)
France Paris Paris (Azeri, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romanian, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Parigi (Italian), Paras (Scottish Gaelic)*, Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia Parisiorum (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese)*, Pari/P’ari - 파리 (Korean), Paries (Limburgish), Pariġi (Maltese), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Pa-ris or Ba-lê (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek) / Parísii - Παρίσιοι (medieval Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Parisium (medieval Latin), Pariz (Breton, Croatian, Slovene), Pariž - Париж (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Paříž (Czech), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Paríž (Slovak), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans, Frisian), Paryż (Polish), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian), Bālí - 巴黎 (Chinese), პარიზი (Georgian), Pērī প্যারী (Bengali),
Italy Parma Parme (French), Párma (Hungarian), Párma - Πάρμα (Greek), პარმა (Georgian), Parma (Italian, Czech, Maltese, Slovak), Pareuma / P'arŭma - 파르마 (Korean)*, Paruma - パルマ (Japanese)*
Estonia Pärnu Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Basque, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, alternative German spelling), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Pernov - Пернов (former Russian), Pernu (Lithuanian), პიარნუ (Georgian)
Germany Passau Batavia Bavariae (medieval Latin), Castra Batava (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech, Slovak), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passavia (Italian), Pasava (Serbian), პასაუ (Georgian), Båssa (Bavarian), 帕绍(Chinese)
Greece Patras Patra (Modern Greek, Turkish), Patrae (Latin), Patrasso (Italian), Patras (Azeri, Dutch, French, German)
Italy Pavia Pavia (Italian, German, Dutch), Ticinum (classical Latin), Papia (medieval Latin), Pavìa (Piedmontese), Pavio (Esperanto), Paviya - Павия (Russian), Pavija - Павија (Serbian), პავია (Georgian), Pavia - Παβία / Papia - Παπία (Greek),帕维亚(Chinese)
Croatia Pazin Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian),
Russia Pechory Pechory - Печёры (Russian), Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish), Peczora (Polish), Pečori (Latvian)
Hungary Pécs Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Pecz (Polish), Pięciokościoły (old Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Sopianae (old Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian), პეჩი (Georgian), Печ (Macedonian), Sophianè - Σοφιανή (Byzantine Greek)
Germany Peenemünde Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish)
United KingdomEngland Penrith Pen Rhudd (Welsh), Pioraid (Scottish Gaelic)*, Peerit (Scots)
Russia Perm Perm (English, German, Czech, Finnish), Пермь (Russian), Permjo (Esperanto), Perma (Latvian),彼尔姆(Chinese)
France Perpignan Perpignan (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhã / Perpinhão (Portuguese)*, Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan)
Italy Perugia Pérouse (French), Peruja / P'eruja - 페루자 (Korean)*, Perūja - ペルージャ (Japanese)*, Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perúgia (Portuguese), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin), Perúsia (Old Portuguese), პერუჯა (Georgian), Perusia - Περουσία (Greek), Perudža (Latvian),佩鲁贾(Chinese)
Russia Petrozavodsk Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish, Karelian), Petrozavodsk - Петрозаводск (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Petrozavodsk (Azeri), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish), პეტროზავოდსკი (Georgian)
Italy Piacenza Piacenza (Dutch, German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Placência (Portuguese), Piacenţa (Romanian), Placentia (Latin), Plakentía - Πλακεντία (Greek), პიაჩენცა (Georgian), Pjačenca (Latvian)
Romania Piatra Neamț Karácsonkő (Hungarian), Kreuzburg an der Bistritz (German), Piatra Neamț (Romanian)
Poland Piła Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German 1772-1945)
Czech Republic Pilsen Pilsen (Dutch, German, Italian, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian, Slovak), პლზენი (Georgian)
Belarus Pinsk Pinsk - Пінск (Belarusian), Pinsk - Пинск (Bulgarian, Russian), Pinsk (Dutch, French, German), Pińsk (Polish), Pins'k - Пінськ (Ukrainian), פינסק (Yiddish),平斯克(Chinese)
Poland Piotrków Trybunalski Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian)
Slovenia Piran Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin), Pirànon - Πιράνον (Greek)
Sweden Piteå Bidám (Pite Sami), Bihtám (Lule Sami), Bihtán (Lule Sami alternate), Bisum (Pite Sami alternate), Biŧon (Northern Sami), Byöhđame (Ume Sami), Piitime (Finnish*), Piitin (Meänkieli), Pita (Latin*), Piteå (Swedish*), Piteo (Lithuanian*), Pitovia (Latin alternate*)
Germany Plauen Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech, old Slovak)
Bulgaria Pleven Pleven (Bulgarian, French, Serbian), Plevna (French alternate, Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish), პლევენი (Georgian)
Bulgaria Plovdiv Filippopoli (old Italian), Philippopolis (Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Azeri, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian), Trimontium (Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name), პლოვდივი (Georgian)
Romania Ploieşti Ploieashti (Aromanian), Ploesht - Плоещ (Bulgarian), Plorescht (old German), Ploésti - Πλοέστι (Greek), Ploesht - פלוישט (Hebrew), Ploeszti (Polish), Ploešti - Плоешти (Russian)
United KingdomEngland Plymouth Aberplym (Cornish), Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto), პლიმუთი (Georgian), Plimuta (Latvian),普利茅斯(Chinese)
Montenegro Podgorica Podgairítse (Irish), Podgorica (Finnish, French, German, Latvian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak), Podgoritsa / Podgoritza / Podgoriza (Portuguese variants)*, Podogoritsa - ポドゴリツァ (Japanese)*, Ribnica (former name), Titograd (former name), პოდგორიცა (Georgian)
Belarus Polatsk Połacak - Полацак (Belarusian, obsolete), Połack - Полацк (Belarusian), Polock (Czech), Połock (Polish), Polotsk - Полоцк (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian), Polotzk (German), Polocka (Latvian)
Italy Pompeii Pompei (Italian, Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompei - Помпеи (Russian), Pompeia (Catalan, Portuguese), Pompeii (Latin), Poimpé (Irish), Pompej (Maltese, Hungarian), Pompeji (Danish, Dutch, German, Slovene, Swedish, Hungarian), Pompeya (Spanish, Tagalog*), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompei/P'omp'ei - 폼페이 (Korean), Pompei - ポンペイ (Japanese)*
Switzerland Pontresina Pontresina (French, German, Italian), Puntraschigna (Romansh)
Slovakia Poprad Deutschendorf (German), Poprad (Slovak), Poprád (Hungarian)
Croatia Porec Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Porech - Пореч (Russian)
Finland Pori Björneborg (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian), Arctopolis (Latin)
Portugal Porto Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Irish, Italian, Spanish, English variant), Poreutu / P'orŭt'u - 포르투 (Korean)*, Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Portó (Hungarian), Portus Cale (Latin), Portu (Latvian), პორტუ (Georgian), Poruto - ポルト (Japanese)*
Italy Porto Torres Porto Torres (Italian), Pòlsthu Tòrra (Sassarese), Pòrtu Tòrres (Sardinian)
Slovenia Portorož Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovak, Slovene)
Finland Porvoo Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin)
Germany Potsdam 波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian), პოტსდამი (Georgian), 포츠담 (Korean), Potsudamu - ポツダム (Japanese)*
Poland Poznań Posnânia (Portuguese, rare)*, Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech, Slovak), Poznan (Azeri, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), პოზნანი (Georgian), Pojeunan/P'ojŭnan - 포즈난 (Korean), Pozunani - ポズナニ (Japanese)*,波兹南(Chinese)
Czech Republic Prague Birāġ (Arabic), Peuraha / P'ŭraha - 프라하 (Korean)*, Praach (Frisian), Praag (Afrikaans, Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), پراگ (Persian), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Latin, Basque, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Tagalog*), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek), Prága (Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Norman), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג or Prag - פּראַג (Yiddish), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese)*, 布拉格 (Chinese), პრაღა (Georgian), Praga - Прага (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian)
Russia Pravdinsk Friedland (German), Frydland/Frydląd (Polish), Pravdinsk - Правдинск (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
Slovakia Prešov Eperies (German alternate), Eperjes (Hungarian), Peryeshis (Romani), Preschau (German), Presovia, Fragopolis, Eperiessinum (Latin), Prešov (Czech, Slovak), Preszów (Polish), Pryashev - Пряшев (Russian), Pryašiv - Пряшів (Ukrainian), Pryašuv - Пряшyв (Ruthenian)
Russia Priozersk Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish, Norwegian), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (old Russian), Priozersk (German, Russian)
Kosovo Pristina Prishtinë (Albanian), Prishtina (English, traditional name), Priština - Приштина (Serbian, Russian), Priština - Прищина (Bulgarian), Prischtina (German), Priština (Czech, Slovak, Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Priştina (Romanian), Pristine (Irish), Priştine (Turkish), Pristina (French, Hungarian, Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek), Prisztina (Polish), პრიშტინა (Georgian)
Kosovo Prizren Prisrend (English, traditional name)
Czech Republic Příbor Freiberg in Mähren (German*)
Czech Republic Přerov Prerau (German*), Przerów (Polish)
Czech Republic Prostějov Proßnitz in Mähren (German), Prościejów (Polish)
Poland Prudnik Neustadt in Oberschlesien (German), Prudnik (Polish), Prudník (Czech), Прудник (Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Russian), Prudnjik - Прудњик (Serbian), פרודניק (Hebrew), Purudoniku - プルドニク (Japanese), პრუდნიკი (Georgian), Prudnikas (Lithuanian), Prudnicium (Latin), Prudņika (Latvian)
Poland Pruszcz Gdański Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German)
Poland Przemyśl Peremisla (Romanian, old), Peremyshl' - Перемышль (Russian, traditional), Peremyshl' - Перемишль (Ukrainian, traditional), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Premisl (Romanian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Přemyšl (Czech), Przemyśl (Polish), Pshemysl' - Пшемысль (Russian, modern official), Pshemysl' - Пшемисль (Ukrainian, modern official)
Russia Pskov Bskūfبسكوف (Arabic*), Opskova (local Estonian),[KNAB] Peskov (alternative Spanish), Pihkeva (local Estonian),[KNAB] Pihkova (local Estonian,[KNAB] Finnish[KNAB]), Pihkõva (local Estonian),[KNAB] Pihkva (Estonian,[KNAB] Võro[KNAB]), Plescovia (Latin),[5] Plescow (archaic English),[6] Pleskau (German),[KNAB] Pleskava (Latvian),[KNAB] PleskovПлесковъ (archaic Czech, archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pleskow (archaic English),[KNAB] Pl′skovПльсковъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pscovia (Latin*),[7] PskoŭПскоў (Belarusian*), Pskov (Azeri*, Czech*, Dutch, French, Romanian, Spanish*), PskovПсков (Bulgarian*, Russian*,[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Pskovפּסקאָװ (Yiddish), PskovՊսկով (Armenian*), Pskov Πσκοφ (Greek*), Ps′kovПьсковъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pskovas (Lithuanian*),[KNAB] Psķoviფსკოვი (Georgian*),[KNAB] Pskow (Upper Sorbian*), Psków (Polish),[KNAB] Pszkov (Hungarian*), Pǔsīkēfū普斯科夫 (Mandarin Chinese*), Pusukofuプスコフ (Japanese*), Vopski liin (local Estonian)[KNAB]
Poland Puck Puck (Polish), Pùck (Kashubian), Putzig (German)
Croatia Pula Pola (Italian, Romanian, French, German, Dutch), Póla (Hungarian), Polei (older German), Pula (Croatian, Czech, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovak), Pulj (Slovene), Poła (Venetian), Puola (Istriot), Pòlis - Πόλις (Greek)
Poland Puławy Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish), Pullno (German)
Poland Pyrzyce Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German)

References

  1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  1. "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?".
  2. Orbis latinus
  3. Cfr. alle p. 396, p. 929 e a p. 1897 sull' Annuario Pontificio - 1994.
  4. Ottocium (Titular See) at catholic-hierarchy.org, Retrieved on 25 May 2017.
  5. I. Hofmannus, Lexicon universale, tomus III., p. 790
  6. Bacon, George A (1889). The Academy: A Journal of Secondary Education, Volume 4. p. 403.
  7. J. G. Th. Graesse, Orbis Latinus (Dresden: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunswick, 1972) Ed. 1861 Ed. 1909 Ed. 1972
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