1903 Map depicting Nansemond County (1646–1972) and other "lost counties" of Virginia.

Nansemond is an extinct jurisdiction that was located south of the James River in Virginia Colony and in the Commonwealth of Virginia (after statehood) in the United States, from 1646 until 1974. It was known as Nansemond County until 1972. From 1972 to 1974, a period of eighteen months, it was the independent city of Nansemond. It is now part of the independent city of Suffolk.

English colonists named it for the Nansemond, a tribe of Native Americans who had long been living along the Nansemond River, a tributary of what the English later named as the James River. They encountered the English colonists after they began arriving in 1607 at Jamestown. Although disrupted by being forced off their land and through armed confrontation with colonists, the Nansemond Indian Nation continues to be based in Virginia and was granted state (1985) and federal recognition (2018).

History

17th century

Under the Virginia Company of London, in 1619, the area which became Nansemond County was included in Elizabeth Cittie [sic], one of four large "boroughs", or "incorporations". In 1624, the Virginia Company lost its proprietary charter, and Virginia became a royal colony.

In 1634, the King of England directed the formation of eight shires (or counties) in the colony. One of these was Elizabeth River Shire, which included land area on both sides of Hampton Roads, as had the earlier Elizabeth Cittie. Two years later, New Norfolk County was formed in 1636 from Elizabeth River Shire. It included all the area in South Hampton Roads that is now incorporated in the five independent cities located there in modern times. The following year, in 1637, New Norfolk County was divided into Upper Norfolk County and Lower Norfolk County.

Upper Norfolk County was officially redesignated the County of Nansimum by the House of Burgesses in March 1646; by the October session, this was also being spelled as Nansimund. The English named it for the indigenous Nansemond people whom they encountered in the area along the Nansemond River. Among the several Algonquian-speaking coastal peoples in the Tidewater, the Nansemond continue in the 21st century as a federally recognized tribe.

18th century

In the 1720s, John Constant settled along the Nansemond River (in what is now Suffolk) and built a home, wharf, and warehouse. This site became known as "Constant's Warehouse."[1]

Tobacco was the commodity crop in the Virginia colony and there was strong demand for it in England and Europe. Under the Tobacco Inspection Act of 1730, three of the 40 tobacco inspection warehouses were chartered in Nansemond County, under two inspectors, as follows:

At Waynwright's Landing, Isle of Wight; and Laurence's, in Nansemond County, under one inspection.

At the widow Constance's [sic], at Sleepy-Hole Point, in Nansemond County, under one inspection.[2]

In 1742, the Virginia House of Burgesses chartered a new town at Constant's Wharf and renamed it as Suffolk.[3]

In 1750, the county seat of Nansemond County was moved from Jarnigan's or Cohoon's Bridge to Suffolk. This new town was founded in 1742 at Constance's Warehouse at Sleepy Hole Point on the Nansemond River. It was named for the English hometown of Royal Governor William Gooch.[4]

19th century

Suffolk became an incorporated town in 1808 and an independent city in 1910. Even after Suffolk became politically independent of Nansemond County, it remained the seat of Nansemond County. Suffolk and Nansemond County also shared a court system and several other constitutional officers.

20th century

United States presidential election results for Nansemond County, Virginia[5][6]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
1972 5,767 57.87% 3,929 39.42% 270 2.71%
1968 2,101 20.94% 4,174 41.60% 3,758 37.46%
1964 2,590 34.93% 4,804 64.79% 21 0.28%
1960 1,346 25.29% 3,944 74.09% 33 0.62%
1956 1,753 40.21% 2,492 57.16% 115 2.64%
1952 1,168 32.87% 2,360 66.42% 25 0.70%
1948 413 14.89% 2,115 76.27% 245 8.84%
1944 351 20.07% 1,398 79.93% 0 0.00%
1940 129 8.39% 1,408 91.55% 1 0.07%
1936 175 10.58% 1,478 89.36% 1 0.06%
1932 196 13.37% 1,264 86.22% 6 0.41%
1928 649 46.83% 737 53.17% 0 0.00%
1924 99 15.18% 539 82.67% 14 2.15%
1920 243 26.05% 690 73.95% 0 0.00%
1916 70 9.55% 663 90.45% 0 0.00%
1912 53 7.95% 544 81.56% 70 10.49%
1908 272 23.82% 857 75.04% 13 1.14%
1904 186 21.43% 678 78.11% 4 0.46%
1900 992 39.92% 1,481 59.60% 12 0.48%
1896 1,060 44.52% 1,300 54.60% 21 0.88%
1892 1,477 42.68% 1,763 50.94% 221 6.39%
1888 2,087 60.16% 1,382 39.84% 0 0.00%
1884 2,020 59.89% 1,353 40.11% 0 0.00%
1880 958 47.01% 1,080 52.99% 0 0.00%

As part of a wave of political consolidations in southeastern Virginia between 1952 and 1976, the unincorporated areas of Nansemond County merged with the outlying incorporated towns of Holland and Whaleyville to form the independent city of Nansemond. Two years later Nansemond merged with Suffolk to form the present-day independent city of Suffolk.[7] The new municipality encompassed a total of 430 square miles (1,100 km2), making it the largest city in Hampton Roads and in all of Virginia in land area and the 11th largest in land area in the United States. With a life of 18 months, Nansemond was the shortest-lived independent city in Virginia history.

References

  1. ↑ "Early History of Suffolk K-251 | Marker History". www.markerhistory.com. Retrieved Apr 26, 2020.
  2. ↑ https://www.gutenberg.org/files/27117/27117-8.txt
  3. ↑ "What's in a name? | Constant's Wharf in Suffolk | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com". Archived from the original on 2012-01-24.
  4. ↑ VA Guide, XRoads, University of Virginia
  5. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  6. ↑ Robinson, Edgar Eugene; The Presidential Vote 1896-1932, pp. 354-361, 396-397 ISBN 9780804716963
  7. ↑ "Virginia: Consolidated Chronology of State and County Boundaries" https://digital.newberry.org/ahcb/documents/VA_Consolidated_Chronology.htm Archived 2009-07-27 at the Wayback Machine

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