2024 Indian general election
April–May 2024
All 543 seats in the Lok Sabha
272 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait.png
Mallikarjun_Kharge.jpg
Leader Narendra Modi Mallikarjun Kharge
Party BJP INC
Alliance NDA I.N.D.I.A.
Last election 37.36%,
303 seats		 19.49%,
52 seats
Current seats 290 47
Seats needed Steady Increase 227
Seats by constituency. As this is a FPTP election, seat totals are not determined proportional to each party's total vote share, but instead by the plurality in each constituency.
Incumbent Prime Minister

Narendra Modi
BJP


General elections are expected to be held in India between April and May 2024 to elect 543 members of the Lok Sabha.

Background

The tenure of the 17th Lok Sabha is scheduled to end on 16 June 2024.[1] The previous general elections were held in April–May 2019. After the election, National Democratic Alliance, led by Bharatiya Janata Party, formed the union government, with Narendra Modi continuing as Prime Minister.[2]

Electoral system

All 543 elected MPs are elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting.[3] The 104th amendment to the constitution abolished the two seats that were reserved for the Anglo-Indian community.[4]

Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 years or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India or equivalent.[5] Some people convicted of electoral or other offenses are barred from voting.[6]

Article 83 of the Constitution of India requires elections to the Lok Sabha be held once every five years.[7]

Election schedule

Election schedule for 18th Lok Sabha will be announced by Election Commission of India (ECI). The tenure of 17th Lok Sabha is scheduled to end on 16 June 2024.[8]

State/Union territory Total

constituencies

 Election Date(s)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Andhra Pradesh 25
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 14
Bihar 40
Chandigarh 1
Chhattisgarh 11
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 2
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir 5
Jharkhand 14
Karnataka 28
Kerala 20
Ladakh 1
Lakshadweep 1
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra 48
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Mizoram 1
Nagaland 1
NCT of Delhi 7
Odisha 21
Puducherry 1
Punjab 13
Rajasthan 25
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 39
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh 80
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42

Parties and alliances

The politics of India has become increasingly bipolar in the run-up to the 2024 Indian general elections with two major alliances emerging; the incumbent National Democratic Alliance and the opposition Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance. There are 6 national parties contesting the 2024 Indian general elections: Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Bahujan Samaj Party, National People's Party and Aam Aadmi Party with all except the BSP being a part of one of the alliances.

National Democratic Alliance

The National Democratic Alliance abbreviated as NDA (IAST: Rāṣhṭrīya Jānātāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) is a big-tent, mostly centre-right to right-wing political alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Party Symbol Leader Seats States/UTs
Won Lost Contested
Bharatiya Janata Party[9]
Narendra Modi National party
National People's Party[10] Conrad Sangma
Shiv Sena[11]
Eknath Shinde Maharashtra
Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar)[12] Ajit Pawar
Janata Dal (Secular)[13] Janata Dal Election Symbol H. D. Devegowda Karnataka
Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)[14] Chirag Paswan Bihar
Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party[15] Pashupati Kumar Paras
Hindustani Awam Morcha[16] Telephone Jitan Ram Manjhi
Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal[17] Upendra Kushwaha
All Jharkhand Students Union[18] Sudesh Mahto Jharkhand
Asom Gana Parishad[19] Atul Bora Assam
United People's Party Liberal[20] Urkhao Gwra Brahma
Apna Dal (Soneylal)[21] Anupriya Patel Uttar Pradesh
NISHAD Party[22] Sanjay Nishad
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party[23] Om Prakash Rajbhar
All India N.R. Congress Jug N. Rangasamy Puducherry
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party[24] Neiphiu Rio Nagaland
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha[25] Prem Singh Tamang Sikkim
Mizo National Front Zoramthanga Mizoram
Jannayak Janta Party Ajay Singh Chautala Haryana
Haryana Lokhit Party Gopal Goyal Kanda
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Sudin Dhavalikar Goa
Indigenous People's Front of Tripura Prem Kumar Reang Tripura
Naga People's Front[26] Küzholuzo Nienü Nagaland
Shiromani Akali Dal Samyukta Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa Punjab
Puthiya Tamilagam K. Krishnasamy Tamil Nadu
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Thushar Vellappally Kerala
Kerala Kamaraj Congress Vishnupuram Chandrasekharan
Republican Party of India (Athawale) Ramdas Athawale Maharashtra
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Mahadev Jankar
Prahar Janshakti Party Omprakash Babarao Kadu
Jan Surajya Shakti Vinay Kore
United Democratic Party Metbah Lyngdoh Meghalaya
Hill State People's Democratic Party KP Pangniang
Gorkha National Liberation Front Mann Ghising West Bengal

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance is a big-tent, mostly centre-left to left-wing political alliance of opposition parties led by the Indian National Congress.[27][28]

Party Symbol Leader Seats States/UTs
Won Lost Contested
Indian National Congress Mallikarjun Kharge National party
Communist Party of India (Marxist) Sitaram Yechury
Aam Aadmi Party Arvind Kejriwal
All India Trinamool Congress
Mamata Banerjee West Bengal
Meghalaya
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Rising Sun M. K. Stalin Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Communist Party of India D. Raja Kerala
Manipur
Tamil Nadu
Janata Dal (United) Nitish Kumar Bihar
Manipur
Rashtriya Janata Dal Lalu Prasad Yadav Bihar
Jharkhand
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Hemant Soren Jharkhand
Nationalist Congress Party Sharad Pawar Maharashtra
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Uddhav Thackeray
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
Prakash Ambedkar
Peasants and Workers Party of India Jayant Prabhakar Patil
Swabhimani Paksha Raju Shetty
Samajwadi Party
Akhilesh Yadav Uttar Pradesh
Rashtriya Lok Dal Jayant Singh
Apna Dal (Kamerawadi) Krishna Patel
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Dipankar Bhattacharya Bihar
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Farooq Abdullah Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Ink-pot & Pen Mehbooba Mufti
Indian Union Muslim League IUML Election Symbol K. M. Kader Mohideen Kerala
Kerala Congress P. J. Joseph
Kerala Congress (M) Jose K. Mani
Revolutionary Socialist Party Manoj Bhattacharya
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi E. R. Eswaran Tamil Nadu
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi M. H. Jawahirullah
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Vaiko
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Thol. Thirumavalavan
All India Forward Bloc G. Devarajan West Bengal

Other important parties and alliances

Bahujan Samaj Party leader Mayawati announced that her party will contest the election on its own strength in most states and ally with other non-BJP, non-Congress parties in Punjab and Haryana.[29][30]

On 11 May 2023, Biju Janata Dal leader and Chief Minister of Odisha Naveen Patnaik said that his party will go solo for the Lok Sabha polls.[31]

Party/Alliance Symbol Leader Seats States/UTs
Won Lost Contested
BSP
+
SAD		 Bahujan Samaj Party Mayawati National party
Shiromani Akali Dal Sukhbir Singh Badal Punjab
YSR Congress Party Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy Andhra Pradesh
Biju Janata Dal Naveen Patnaik Odisha
Bharat Rashtra Samithi K. Chandrashekar Rao Telangana
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Asaduddin Owaisi
TDP
+
JSP		 Telugu Desam Party N. Chandrababu Naidu Andhra Pradesh
Jana Sena Party Pawan Kalyan
All India United Democratic Front Badruddin Ajmal Assam
RLP
+
ASP
(KR)		 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Hanuman Beniwal Rajasthan
Azad Samaj Party (Kanshiram) Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan Uttar Pradesh
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Two Leaves Edappadi K. Palaniswami Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Indian National Lok Dal INLD party symbol Abhay Singh Chautala Haryana
Bodoland People's Front Hagrama Mohilary Assam
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Premalatha Vijayakanth Tamil Nadu
Goa Forward Party Vijai Sardesai Goa
Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party Harsh Dev Singh Jammu and Kashmir
Janta Congress Chhattisgarh Amit Jogi Chhattisgarh
Sikkim Democratic Front Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim
Tipra Motha Party Pradyot Deb Barma Tripura
People's Party of Arunachal Kahfa Bengia Arunachal Pradesh
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Raj Thackeray Maharashtra
Voice of the People Party Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit Meghalaya

Party campaigns

Bharatiya Janata Party

The national executive meeting of BJP held on 16 and 17 January 2023 saw the party reaffirm its faith in Prime Minister Narendra Modi and extend the tenure of BJP national president J. P. Nadda.

Charting out the BJP’s strategy for the upcoming polls, PM Modi in his speech to party workers said they should reach out to every section of society, including the marginalised and minority communities, “without electoral considerations”.[32]

Following the 2023 Legislative Assembly elections, Modi debuted the slogan "Modi Ki Guarantee" for the 2024 polls.[33]

Indian National Congress

The Congress campaign was launched from Nagpur at a huge rally in which over 1 million people were expected to attend in Nagpur, Maharashtra on 28 December 2023.[34] This rally also marked the 138th Congress Foundation Day and was being held to energise the party cadre for the 2024 Indian general election.[35] Party workers from all over the state are were called to join the rally.[36][37]

Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Candidates

NDA PM candidate

The prime ministerial candidate for the 2024 general election of the alliance is the incumbent Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi.

Surveys and polls

According to an India TV-CNX poll released on 3 October 2023, 61% of participants preferred the incumbent Narendra Modi (BJP) followed by Rahul Gandhi (INC) at 21% as the next Prime Minister of India.[38]

Opinion polls

Vote Share Projections
Polling agency Date published Sample size Margin of Error Lead
NDA I.N.D.I.A. Others
ABP-CVoter December 2023[39] 200,000 ±3-5% 42 38 20 4
Times Now-ETG December 2023[40][41] 147,231 ±3% 44 39 17 5
India TV-CNX October 2023[42][43] 54,250 ±3% 43.4 39.1 17.5 4.3
Times Now-ETG October 2023[44] 135,100 ±3% 42.6 40.2 17.2 2.4
August 2023[45][46] 110,662 ±3% 42.6 40.2 17.2 2.4
Seat Projections
Polling agency Date published Sample size Margin of Error Lead
NDA I.N.D.I.A. Others
ABP-CVoter December 2023[39] 200,000 ±3% 295-335 165-205 35-65 NDA
Times Now-ETG December 2023[40][41] 147,231 ±3% 319-339 148-168 52-61 NDA
India TV-CNX October 2023[42][43] 54,250 ±3% 315 172 56 NDA
Times Now-ETG October 2023[44] 135,100 ±3% 297-317 165-185 57-65 NDA
August 2023[45][46] 110,662 ±3% 296-326 160-190 56-64 NDA

Exit polls

Polling agency Date published Sample size Margin of Error Majority
NDA I.N.D.I.A. Others

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Terms of the Houses". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  2. ↑ "Narendra Modi sworn in as Prime Minister for second time". Tribuneindia News Service. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  3. ↑ Electoral system Archived 6 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine IPU
  4. ↑ "House ratifies quota for SC/STs in Assembly, Lok Sabha". The Hindu. 10 January 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  5. ↑ "Lok Sabha Election 2019 Phase 3 voting: How to vote without voter ID card". Business Today. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "General Voters". Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  7. ↑ "The Constitution of India Update" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  8. ↑ "The Union Parliament: Term of Office/House". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  9. ↑ "National Democratic Alliance". Britannica.
  10. ↑ "BJP, NPP to form government in Meghalaya". Deccan Herald. 3 March 2023.
  11. ↑ "Shiv Sena is NDA's 'senior ally': Maharashtra CM Eknath Shinde". The Indian Express. 25 July 2023.
  12. ↑ "NCP leader Ajit Pawar joins NDA govt in Maharashtra, takes oath as deputy chief minister". The Times of India. 2 July 2023.
  13. ↑ "JD(S) announces alliance with BJP; Nadda welcomes Karnataka party into NDA fold". The Times of India. 22 September 2023.
  14. ↑ "Chirag Paswan Decides To Join NDA, "Welcome To Family," Says BJP Chief". NDTV. 18 July 2023.
  15. ↑ "Why the two Paswans in NDA are fighting over Hajipur seat". The Indian Express. 24 July 2023.
  16. ↑ "Jitan Ram Manjhi's HAM(S) joins BJP-led NDA after meeting with Amit Shah". Hindustan Times. 21 July 2023.
  17. ↑ "Will attend NDA meet, received invitation a day ago, says former Union minster Upendra Kushwaha". Economic Times. 17 July 2023.
  18. ↑ "AJSU's Yashoda Devi named NDA candidate for Dumri assembly by-polls in Sept". Hinduistan Times. 13 August 2023.
  19. ↑ "As AGP joins hands with BJP again, many in Assam feel betrayed". The Indian Express. 13 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "Amit Shah congratulates ally UPPL as NDA crosses majority mark in BTC polls in Assam". Hindustan Times. 13 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "'NDA will make hat-trick in 2024, no scope of opposition's return':Apna Dal's Anupriya Patel".
  22. ↑ "Healthy seat-sharing pact with BJP on Sanjay Nishad's agenda". Hindustan Times. 26 July 2023.
  23. ↑ "How 'gharwapsi' of OP Rajbhar, Dara Singh Chauhan will bolster BJP's Mission 80 in UP". India Today. 18 July 2023.
  24. ↑ "NDPP-BJP welcomes exit poll prediction, reaffirms alliance to run Nagaland govt". Deccan Herald. 2 March 2023.
  25. ↑ "SKM stakes claim to govt., joins NDA". The Hindu. 26 May 2019.
  26. ↑ "Naga People's Front joins government, Nagaland becomes opposition less". Economic Times. 17 August 2021.
  27. ↑ Kumar, Raju (18 July 2023). "INDIA, Indian National Democratic Inclusive Alliance of Opposition parties, to take on Modi-led NDA in 2024". IndiaTV.
  28. ↑ "'I-N-D-I-A' Name Finalised For 26-Party Opposition Coalition". NDTV.
  29. ↑ "NDA or I.N.D.I.A? BSP chief Mayawati on joining alliance for 2024". Hindustan Times. 19 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  30. ↑ "BJP, SAD rule out re-alliance for 2024 Lok Sabha polls". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  31. ↑ "BJD to go solo in 2024 Lok Sabha elections, no possibility of 'third front': Naveen Patnaik". 12 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "BJP's big meet ahead of 9 state polls, 2024 Lok Sabha elections: Here's what happened". The Indian Express. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  33. ↑ "'Yeh Modi ki guarantee hai...': PM Modi's promise to India for his 3rd term". 26 July 2023.
  34. ↑ Mohan, Archis (15 December 2023). "Congress to launch 2024 Lok Sabha election campaign from Nagpur on Dec 28". Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  35. ↑ Livemint (15 December 2023). "Congress organises massive rally in Nagpur on Dec 28, over 10 lakh to attend". mint. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  36. ↑ Livemint (15 December 2023). "Congress organises massive rally in Nagpur on Dec 28, over 10 lakh to attend". mint. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  37. ↑ "Rahul to visit Maharashtra by end of Dec as Cong gets serious about state". The Indian Express. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  38. ↑ Bhandari, Shashwat (3 October 2023). "India TV-CNX Survey: 61% of voters prefer Narendra Modi as PM, Rahul Gandhi at 21%". India TV.
  39. 1 2 "Can I.N.D.I.A. Wrest Power From Modi-Led N.D.A? Detailed ABP-CVoter Survey Result For 2024 LS Polls". ABP Live. 25 December 2023.
  40. 1 2 "Times Now Navbharat-ETG Opinion Poll: अगर अभी हुए लोकसभा चुनाव तो कौन मारेगा बाजी? जानिए, कौन कितना दमदार". Times Now Navbharat. 13 December 2023.
  41. 1 2 "Lok Sabha Elections 2024: NDA likely to win 323 seats, INDIA bloc at 163, ETG survey predicts". The Economic Times. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  42. 1 2 "India TV-CNX Opinion Poll: NDA expected to cross 300-mark once again, I.N.D.I.A. bloc to remain distant second". India TV. 7 October 2023.
  43. 1 2 "Modi-led NDA may get clear majority with 315 Lok Sabha seats if polls are held now: India TV-CNX Poll". India TV. 8 October 2023.
  44. 1 2 "Who Is Likely To Win If Lok Sabha Polls Are Held Today? ETG Survey Reveals : The Newshour Debate". Times Now. 3 October 2023.
  45. 1 2 "'Phir Ek Baar, Modi Sarkar', Predicts Times Now ETG Survey if Election Held Today". Times Now. 16 August 2023.
  46. 1 2 "2024 का संग्राम: आज चुनाव हुए तो 'एक बार फिर मोदी सरकार', ETG रिसर्च के साथ टाइम्स नाउ नवभारत का सबसे बड़ा सर्वे". Times Now Navbharat (in Hindi). 17 August 2023.
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