Nodal decomposition.

In category theory, an abstract mathematical discipline, a nodal decomposition[1] of a morphism is a representation of as a product , where is a strong epimorphism,[2][3][4] a bimorphism, and a strong monomorphism.[5][3][4]

Uniqueness and notations

Uniqueness of the nodal decomposition.

If it exists, the nodal decomposition is unique up to an isomorphism in the following sense: for any two nodal decompositions and there exist isomorphisms and such that

Notations.

This property justifies some special notations for the elements of the nodal decomposition:

– here and are called the nodal coimage of , and the nodal image of , and the nodal reduced part of .

In these notations the nodal decomposition takes the form

Connection with the basic decomposition in pre-abelian categories

In a pre-abelian category each morphism has a standard decomposition

,

called the basic decomposition (here , , and are respectively the image, the coimage and the reduced part of the morphism ).

Nodal and basic decompositions.

If a morphism in a pre-abelian category has a nodal decomposition, then there exist morphisms and which (being not necessarily isomorphisms) connect the nodal decomposition with the basic decomposition by the following identities:

Categories with nodal decomposition

A category is called a category with nodal decomposition[1] if each morphism has a nodal decomposition in . This property plays an important role in constructing envelopes and refinements in .

In an abelian category the basic decomposition

is always nodal. As a corollary, all abelian categories have nodal decomposition.

If a pre-abelian category is linearly complete,[6] well-powered in strong monomorphisms[7] and co-well-powered in strong epimorphisms,[8] then has nodal decomposition.[9]

More generally, suppose a category is linearly complete,[6] well-powered in strong monomorphisms,[7] co-well-powered in strong epimorphisms,[8] and in addition strong epimorphisms discern monomorphisms[10] in , and, dually, strong monomorphisms discern epimorphisms[11] in , then has nodal decomposition.[12]

The category Ste of stereotype spaces (being non-abelian) has nodal decomposition,[13] as well as the (non-additive) category SteAlg of stereotype algebras .[14]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Akbarov 2016, p. 28.
  2. An epimorphism is said to be strong, if for any monomorphism and for any morphisms and such that there exists a morphism , such that and .
  3. 1 2 Borceux 1994.
  4. 1 2 Tsalenko 1974.
  5. A monomorphism is said to be strong, if for any epimorphism and for any morphisms and such that there exists a morphism , such that and
  6. 1 2 A category is said to be linearly complete, if any functor from a linearly ordered set into has direct and inverse limits.
  7. 1 2 A category is said to be well-powered in strong monomorphisms, if for each object the category of all strong monomorphisms into is skeletally small (i.e. has a skeleton which is a set).
  8. 1 2 A category is said to be co-well-powered in strong epimorphisms, if for each object the category of all strong epimorphisms from is skeletally small (i.e. has a skeleton which is a set).
  9. Akbarov 2016, p. 37.
  10. It is said that strong epimorphisms discern monomorphisms in a category , if each morphism , which is not a monomorphism, can be represented as a composition , where is a strong epimorphism which is not an isomorphism.
  11. It is said that strong monomorphisms discern epimorphisms in a category , if each morphism , which is not an epimorphism, can be represented as a composition , where is a strong monomorphism which is not an isomorphism.
  12. Akbarov 2016, p. 31.
  13. Akbarov 2016, p. 142.
  14. Akbarov 2016, p. 164.

References

  • Borceux, F. (1994). Handbook of Categorical Algebra 1. Basic Category Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521061193.
  • Tsalenko, M.S.; Shulgeifer, E.G. (1974). Foundations of category theory. Nauka.
  • Akbarov, S.S. (2016). "Envelopes and refinements in categories, with applications to functional analysis". Dissertationes Mathematicae. 513: 1–188. arXiv:1110.2013. doi:10.4064/dm702-12-2015. S2CID 118895911.
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