Nucula
Temporal range:
Shell of Nucula delphinodonta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Nuculida
Family: Nuculidae
Genus: Nucula
Lamarck, 1799
Synonyms

Nucula is a genus of very small saltwater clams. They are part of the family Nuculidae.

Fossil records

This genus is very ancient. Fossils are known from the Arenig to the Quaternary (age range: from 478.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata all over the world.[1]

Fossil valves of Nucula piacentina from Pliocene of Italy

Description

Shells of species within this genus can reach a size of about 30 millimetres (1.2 in). They are equivalve, symmetrical, approximately triangular. The surface has fine concentric growth lines. These clams live in the muddy sand close to the sediment surface at a depth of 20 to 200 meters.[2]

Species

Nowadays there are still many species of this genus, which have had virtually no change in the course of time. Species within the genus Nucula include:[3]

  • Nucula annulata Hampson, 1971
  • Nucula atacellana Schenck, 1939 - cancellate nutclam
  • Nucula austrobenthalis Dell, 1990
  • Nucula beachportensis Verco, 1907
  • Nucula benguelana (A. H. Clarke, 1961)
  • Nucula brasiliana Esteves, 1984
  • Nucula calcicola Moore, 1977 - reef nutclam
  • Nucula callicredemna Dall, 1890
  • Nucula cancellata Meek & Hayden, 1856
  • Nucula cardara Dall, 1916
  • Nucula carlottensis Dall, 1897 - Charlotte nutclam
  • Nucula certisinus Finlay, 1930
  • Nucula chrysocome
  • Nucula consentanea Melvill & Standen, 1907
  • Nucula covra Bergmans, 1978
  • Nucula crassicostata E. A. Smith, 1872
  • Nucula crassidens Nicklès, 1955
  • Nucula crenulata A. Adams, 1856 - crenulate nutclam
  • Nucula crystallina Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015
  • Nucula culebrensis E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Nucula cymella Dall, 1886
  • Nucula darella Dall, 1916
  • Nucula declivis Hinds, 1843
  • Nucula delphinodonta Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842 - dolphintooth nutclam
  • Nucula distincta Turton, 1932
  • Nucula donaciformis E. A. Smith, 1895
  • Nucula dorsocrenata (Habe, 1977)
  • Nucula dunedinensis Finlay, 1928
  • Nucula exigua G. B. Sowerby I, 1833 - iridescent nutclam, short nutclam
  • Nucula exodonta Prashad, 1932
  • Nucula faba Xu, 1999
  • Nucula falklandica Preston, 1912
  • Nucula fernandensis Villarroel, 1971
  • Nucula fernandinae Dall, 1927
  • Nucula gallinacea Finlay, 1930
  • Nucula granulosa Verrill, 1884
  • Nucula groenlandica Posselt, 1898 - Greenland nutclam
  • Nucula hanleyi Winckworth, 1931
  • Nucula hartvigiana Dohrn, 1864
  • Nucula hawaiensis Pilsbry, 1921
  • Nucula inconspicua H. Adams, 1871
  • Nucula insignis (Hayami & Kase, 1993)
  • Nucula interflucta Marincovich, 1973
  • Nucula iphigenia Dall, 1896
  • Nucula irregularis G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
  • Nucula izushotoensis (Okutani, 1966)
  • Nucula kanaka Bergmans, 1991
  • Nucula kerguelensis Thiele, 1912
  • Nucula libera Bergmans, 1991
  • Nucula malabarica Hanley, 1860
  • Nucula mariae Nolf, 2005
  • Nucula marmorea Hinds, 1843
  • Nucula marshalli Schenck, 1939
  • Nucula mayi (Iredale, 1930)
  • Nucula mesembrina (Hedley, 1916)
  • Nucula mitralis Hinds, 1843
  • Nucula multidentata Prashad, 1933
  • Nucula nicklesi Cosel, 1995
  • Nucula nitidosa Winckworth, 1930 (unaccepted name: Nucula turgida Leckenby & Marshall, 1875)
  • Nucula nitidula A. Adams, 1856
  • Nucula nitidulaformis Powell, 1971
  • Nucula notobenthalis Thiele, 1912
  • Nucula nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Nucula oppressa Bergmans, 1991
  • Nucula papillifera Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • Nucula paulula A. Adams, 1856
  • Nucula percrassa (Conrad, 1858 )
  • Nucula pisum G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
  • Nucula planiculmen Kilburn, 1999
  • Nucula praetenta Iredale, 1924
  • Nucula profundorum E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Nucula proxima Say, 1822 - Atlantic nutclam
  • Nucula pseudoexigua Villarroel & Stuardo, 1998
  • Nucula pusilla Angas, 1877
  • Nucula recens Dell, 1956
  • Nucula revei Bergmans, 1978
  • Nucula rhytidopleura Kilburn, 1999
  • Nucula rossiana Finlay, 1930
  • Nucula rugulosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
  • Nucula saltator (Iredale, 1939)
  • Nucula schencki Hertlein & Strong, 1940
  • Nucula sculpturata G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
  • Nucula semen Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • Nucula semiornata d'Orbigny, 1842
  • Nucula sericea Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • Nucula striolata A. Adams, 1856
  • Nucula suahelica (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)
  • Nucula subluxa Kilburn, 1999
  • Nucula subovata Verrill & Bush, 1898
  • Nucula sulcata Bronn, 1831
  • Nucula sultana Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • Nucula surinamensis Van Regteren Altena, 1968
  • Nucula tamatavica Odhner, 1943
  • Nucula tenuis (Montagu, 1808)
  • Nucula tersior Marwick, 1929 †
  • Nucula thielei Schenck, 1939
  • Nucula tokyoensis Yokoyama, 1920
  • Nucula torresi E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Nucula trigonica Lan & Lee, 2001
  • Nucula tumidula (Malm, 1860)
  • Nucula venezuelana Weisbord, 1964
  • Nucula vincentiana (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938)
  • Nucula zophos A. H. Clark, 1960

Extinct species

Extinct species within the genus Nucula include:[1]

  • N. alcockiNoetling 1895
  • N. andersoniClark & Durham 1946
  • N. assiniboiensisRussell & Landes 1937
  • N. athabaskensisMcLearn 1931
  • N. brewsterensisHassan 1953
  • N. cancellataMeek & Hayden 1857
  • N. cancellataVredenburg 1928
  • N. catalinaOlsson 1930
  • N. chrysocomaDall 1908
  • N. cilleborgensisRavn 1907
  • N. concinnaSowerby 1836
  • N. cossmanniVincent 1892
  • N. costaeimbricatusNewton 1922
  • N. crepidaMarwick 1931
  • N. cunifronsConrad 1860
  • N. domandaensisEames 1951
  • N. gabbianaDickerson 1916
  • N. greppinaDeshayes 1858
  • N. majorRichards 1944
  • N. mancorensisOlsson 1931
  • N. martiniFinlay 1927
  • N. micheleaeMarincovich jr. 1993
  • N. morundianaTate 1886
  • N. naricaVredenburg 1928
  • N. nejdensisAbbass 1972
  • N. njalindugensisMartin 1919
  • N. observatoriaIhering 1907
  • N. orbicellaOlsson 1922
  • N. paboensisOlsson 1931
  • N. paytensisAdams 1856
  • N. piacentina Lamarck
  • N. pilkeyiWard & Blackwelder 1987
  • N. planimarginataMeek & Hayden 1857
  • N. praemissaSemper 1861
  • N. prunicolaDall 1898
  • N. rembangensisMartin 1919
  • N. reticularisOrtmann 1900
  • N. sedanensisHaanstra & Spiker 1932
  • N. semistriataTate 1886
  • N. shaleriDall 1894
  • N. sinariaDall 1898
  • N. stantoniStephenson 1923
  • N. studerid'Archiac 1850
  • N. subrotundataMorningstar 1922
  • N. subtransversaNyst 1844
  • N. suprastriataArnold 1903
  • N. tallahalaensisDockery 1982
  • N. taphriaDall 1898
  • N. tatrianaKing 1850
  • N. tersiorMarwick 1929
  • N. tumidaTenison Woods 1877
  • N. turgensWood 1879
  • N. venezuelanaWeisbord 1964
  • N. ventricosaHall 1868
  • N. vestigiaMarwick 1929
  • N. vicksburgensisConrad 1848
  • N. waikuraensisMarwick 1931
  • N. washingtonensisWeaver 1916

References

  • Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
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