Old Jaffa panorama
Old Jaffa alley

Old Jaffa (Hebrew: יפו העתיקה [yafa ha'atiká] – Ancient Yafo; Arabic: يافا العتيقه [yafa al.ʿatīqa] – Ancient Jaffa or يافا القديمة [yafa al.qadīma] – Old Jaffa ) is a neighborhood of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel and the oldest part of Jaffa. A neighborhood with art galleries, restaurants, theaters, museums, and nightclubs, it is one of Tel Aviv's main tourist attractions.

Jaffa is the southwest district of the Tel Aviv–Jaffa municipality.[1] Old Jaffa is located in the northwest of Jaffa, on a hill along the Mediterranean Sea. Geologically, the hill of Old Jaffa is the continental north end of a kurkar ridge, historically further protected through fortifications and heightened by debris.

History

Ottoman Empire

The Old City was damaged by the Napoleonic wars and an earthquake in 1837.[2] When the wall of Jaffa was dismantled between 1878 and 1888 to allow expansion, both the city and the centres of government shifted eastwards, though the Old City remained the cultural centre of the city.[3][4][5]

During the nineteenth century, the Christian population, especially the Greek Orthodox community, grew rapidly and dramatically in the Old Jaffa, and they formed the wealthy elite and the educated class in the city, and emerged as a major force in the increasingly middle-class trade of journalism.[6]

Mandatory Palestine

During the Great Revolt in 1936–1939, the connection between Tel Aviv and the Jaffa port was partially severed by disruption in the Old City.[7] This had two primary effects: the British retaliated using massive gelignite charges to destroy at least 220 buildings, which left over 6000 Palestinian-Arabs homeless,[7] and encouraged the building of a small Jewish port on the Yarkon estuary to the north of Tel Aviv to reduce reliance on Arab Jaffa.

Israel

Disputes about the merging of Tel Aviv and Jaffa, with the former wanting only to add the Jewish neighborhoods in the north of Jaffa and the latter wanting a total merge led to a gradual unification.[8] The Old City was partly added on 18 May 1949 as part of the first Arab-controlled land to fall under Jewish control.[8] The remainder of the Old City would be added in 24 April 1950 when the complete unification occurred.[8]

Old Jaffa has increasingly gentrified with the residential population dropping dramatically and an increasing number of art galleries, restaurants, souvenir shops as well as various ongoing archaeological digs.[9][2] According to Historian Menachem Klein, 70% of structures in old Jaffa have been destroyed between 1960 and 1985, with much of the old city being covered by Pisga Park.[10] There is a particular interest on the cultural melange by the relatively rare, in Israel, triple mix of Muslim, Jews, and Christian.[9]

Boundaries

1840–42 Royal Engineers map of Jaffa

Current boundaries of the "Old Jaffa and Jaffa Port" neighborhood, as defined by the Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo (clockwise):

  • North: north and east of Jaffa Beach, Retzif HaAliya HaShniya
  • East: northbound lanes of David Raziel (putting the Jaffa Clock Tower in Old Jaffa), Yefet Street
  • South: Yehuda HaYamit, Namal Yafo Street, the southern wall of the Jaffa Port parking lot
  • West: the Mediterranean Sea shore

Attractions

Immediately outside Old Jaffa: Abouelafia Bakery, Abu Hassan Restaurant

References

  1. ↑ "Old Jaffa Tel Aviv travel guide". www.inisrael.com. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  2. 1 2 Robert Barzelay (24 January 2017). "Exploring Jaffa: Israel's Ancient Port City". Culture Trip. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  3. ↑ Kedar, B.Z. (1999). The Changing Land: Between the Jordan and the Sea: Aerial Photographs from 1917 to the Present. Wayne State University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-8143-2915-3. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  4. ↑ Pinsker, S.M. (2018). A Rich Brew: How Cafés Created Modern Jewish Culture. NYU Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-4798-2789-3. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  5. ↑ LeVine, M. (2005). Overthrowing Geography: Jaffa, Tel Aviv, and the Struggle for Palestine, 1880–1948. University of California Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-520-24371-2. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  6. ↑ Robson, Laura (2011). Colonialism and Christianity in Mandate Palestine. University of Texas Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780292726536.
  7. 1 2 Hughes, M. (2009) The Banality of Brutality: British Armed Forces and the Repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39, English Historical Review Vol. CXXIV No. 507, pp. 314–354.
  8. 1 2 3 Arnon Golan (1995), The demarcation of Tel Aviv-Jaffa's municipal boundaries, Planning Perspectives, vol. 10, pp. 383–398.
  9. 1 2 Rebecca Amir (13 May 2018). "The art awakening transforming Jaffa". Israel21C. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  10. ↑ Roth-Rowland, Natasha. “Wiping Palestinian History off the Map in Jaffa.” +972 Magazine, June 5, 2016. Link.
  11. ↑ Abrams, Melanie (4 December 2017). "From light sculptures to silk-printing: Showcasing Israel's top artisans". Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 22 May 2019.

32°3′16.13″N 34°45′10.94″E / 32.0544806°N 34.7530389°E / 32.0544806; 34.7530389

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