OpenHarmony
OpenHarmonyLogo
DeveloperVarious (OpenAtom Foundation, Huawei and others)
Written inC, C++, JS and ArkTS
OS familyLiteOS, Unix-like (Linux kernel)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseSeptember 10, 2020 (2020-09-10)
Latest release4.0 / October 26, 2023 (2023-10-26)[1]
Repositorygitee.com/openharmony
Marketing targetInternet of Things, wireless routers, smartphones, tablet computers, smart TVs, smartwatches, smart speakers, personal computers, mixed reality headsets, virtual reality headsets, wireless earbuds, wireless headphones, wearable devices, augmented reality headsets, smart printers, Interactive whiteboards, cars, smart homes, enterprise, industry, aerospace, Personal computers,Laptops
Update methodOver-the-air
Package manager.app
PlatformsARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch[2]
Kernel typeMulti-kernel (KAL (Kernel Abstract Layer subsystem) with Linux kernel, and LiteOS [LiteOS-A (OpenHarmony Lightweight Core) & LiteOS-M])[3]
UserlandSystem Service Layer[4]
LicenseApache license
Preceded byLiteOS
Official websiteopenharmony.cn
Support status
Supported

OpenAtom OpenHarmony, or abbreviated as OpenHarmony (OHOS), is an open-source version of HarmonyOS donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. Similar to HarmonyOS, the open-source distributed operating system is designed with a layered architecture, which consists of four layers from the bottom to the top, i.e., the kernel layer, system service layer, framework layer, and application layer.[5]

OpenHarmony supports various devices running a mini system such as printers, speakers, smartwatches and any other smart device with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB.[6]

The system contains the basic capabilities of HarmonyOS.[7]

History

The first version of OpenHarmony was launched by the OpenAtom Foundation on September 10, 2020, after receiving a donation of the open-source code from Huawei, with support for devices with RAM volumes ranging from 128 KB to 128 MB.[8]

The OpenHarmony 2.0 (Canary version) was launched in June 2021, supporting a variety of smart terminal devices.[9]

Based on its earlier version, OpenAtom Foundation launched OpenHarmony 3.0 on September 30, 2021, and brought substantial improvements over the past version to optimize the operating system.[10]

A release of OpenHarmony supporting devices with up to 4 GB RAM was made available in October 2021.[11]

OpenAtom Foundation added a UniProton kernel, a hardware-based real-time operating system, into its repo as part of the Kernel Abstraction Layer (KAL) subsystem of the OpenHarmony operating system on August 10, 2022.[12]

Timeline

  • September 10, 2020 – Initial release of OpenHarmony with support for devices with 128 KB – 128 MB RAM
  • April 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for smartphones and other devices with 128 MB – 4 GB RAM
  • October 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for additional devices with 4+ GB RAM[13]

Hardware

OpenHarmony can be deployed on various hardware devices of ARM, RISC-V and x86 architectures with memory volumes ranging from as small as 128 KB up to more than 1 MB. It supports hardware devices with three types of system as follows:[14]

  • Mini system – running on such devices as connection modules, sensors, and wearables, with memory equal to or larger than 128 KB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-M and 32-bit RISC-V.
  • Small system – running on such devices as IP cameras, routers, event data recorders, with memory equal to or larger than 1 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.
  • Standard system – running on devices with enhanced interaction, 3D GPU, rich animations and diverse components, with memory equal to or larger than 128 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.

Compatibility certification

To ensure OpenHarmony-based devices are compatible and interoperable in the ecosystem, the OpenAtom Foundation has set up product compatibility specifications, with a Compatibility Working Group to evaluate and certify the products that are compatible with OpenHarmony.[15][16]

The following two types of certifications were published for the partners supporting the compatibility work, with the right to use the OpenHarmony Compatibility Logo on their certified products, packaging, and marketing materials.[17]

  1. Development boards, modules, and software distributions
  2. Equipment

On April 25, 2022, 44 products have obtained the compatibility certificates, and more than 80 software and hardware products are in the process of evaluation for OpenHarmony compatibility.[18]

Software development

Since OpenHarmony was open source in September 2020 to December 2021, more than 1,200 developers and 40 organizations have participated in the open source project and contributed code. At present, OpenHarmony has developed to 4.x version.

Software version History
Version numberRelease dateAPI levelMain features
1.0September 10, 2020 5 Support terminal devices with memory from 128KB to 128MB
1.1.0 long-term support versionApril 1, 2021 5 Add and upgrade subsystems to unify the artificial intelligence engine framework
2.0 Canary versionJune 1, 2021 6 Support smart terminal devices with more than 128MB of memory, and introduce the Linux kernel as the technical base
2.2 Beta versionSeptember 4, 2021 6 Possess typical distributed capabilities and media product development capabilities
3.0 long-term support versionSeptember 30, 2021 7 New features and functions for lightweight, small and standard systems
3.1 Beta versionDecember 31, 2021 8-9 Enhance basic capabilities, system distribution capabilities, system application framework capabilities, and lightweight system capabilities, etc.
3.2 Beta version 1[19] May 31, 2022 8-9 Enhance the basic capabilities of lightweight and standard systems, the framework capabilities of standard system applications, and the application capabilities of standard systems
4.0 beta version 1[20] June 3, 2023 10 Improve the capabilities of the standard system and further improve the capabilities and effects of ArkUI components
4.0 release version October 26, 2023 10 A large number of ArkTS APIs have been added, and the scope of distributed hardware support has been expanded

Software distributions

OpenHarmony is the most active open source project hosted on the Gitee platform. As of September 2023, it has over 30 open-source software distributions compatible with OpenHarmony for various sectors such as education, finance, smart home, transportation, digital government and other industries.[21][22][23]

Oniro OS

On September 28, 2021, the Eclipse Foundation and the OpenAtom Foundation announced their intention to form a partnership to collaborate on OpenHarmony European distro.[24]

Oniro OS, which is implemented to be compatible with HarmonyOS, was later launched by the Eclipse Foundation in October 2021 for the global market with the founding members including Huawei, Linaro and Seco. Oniro is designed on the basis of open source and aims to be transparent, vendor-neutral, and independent system in the era of IoT.[25]

SwanLinkOS

Based on OpenHarmony, SwanLinkOS was released in June 2022 by Honghu Wanlian (Jiangsu) Technology Development, a subsidiary of iSoftStone, for the transportation industry. The operating system supports mainstream chipsets, such as Rockchip RK3399 and RK3568, and can be applied in transportation and shipping equipment for monitoring road conditions, big data analysis, maritime search and rescue.[26]

It was awarded the OpenHarmony Ecological Product Compatibility Certificate by the OpenAtom Foundation.[27]

OpenHarmony in Space

On January 6, 2022, OpenHarmony in Space (OHIS) was reported to be a vital play in the future from a scientific and engineering point of view, expecting to open up opportunities for development in China's satellite systems, and surpass SpaceX’s Star Chain plan with the idea of micro-nano satellite technology.[28]

ZhihongmetaOS

On August 29, 2022, Hongyuan Zhitong Technology has recently released new software called ZhihongmetaOS, which stands on the surface of the OpenHarmony 3.1 build and has qualified the eligibility for the OpenHarmony 3.1 evaluation and gained the Ecological Product compatibility certificate. This OpenHarmony OS distribution works on higher security, strong business consistency, and improved performance for consumers targeted mainly for business or industrial users. It is reported that focused on OS optimization, component algorithms, industry consulting and planning, hardware design, and production. At the moment, ZhihongmetaOS V1.0 is only available in the public security sector in China. However, the company will soon extend the roots of the respective firmware to more industries. For instance, environmental protection, and water conservation.[29]

Orange Pi OS (OHOS)

On November 28, 2022, Orange Pi launched the Orange Pi OS based on the open-source OpenHarmony version.[30] On October 2023, they released the Orange Pi 3B board with the Orange Pi OHOS version for hobbyists and developers based on the OpenHarmony 4.0 Beta1 version.[31][32][33]

USmartOS

On April 15, Tongxin Software became OpenAtom's OpenHarmony Ecological Partner[34]. An intelligent terminal operating system for enterprises in China by Tongxin Software was passed for compatibility certification on June 7, 2023. Tongxin intelligent terminal operating system supports ARM, X86, and other architectures that is supported. Tongxin has established cooperative relations with major domestic mobile chip manufacturers and has completed adaptations using the Linux kernel. Together with the desktop operating system and the server operating system, it constitutes the Tongxin operating system family. [35]

PolyOS Mobile

PolyOS distro is an open-source operating system tailored for RISC-V intelligent terminal devices by the PolyOS Project based on OpenHarmony, which was released on August 30, 2023 and is available for QEMU virtualisation on Windows 10 and 11 desktop machines. [36]

KaihongOS

On November 17, 2023, Kaihong Technology and Leju Robot collaborated to release the world's first humanoid robot powered by the open-source OpenHarmony distro KaihongOS with Rockchip SoC hardware using RTOS kernel technology for industrial robotic machines with predictable response times in determinism.[37]

HarmonyOS NEXT

Huawei officially announced the commercial proprietary HarmonyOS NEXT, standalone microkernel-based distributed operating system at Huawei Developer Conference 2023 (HDC) on August 4, 2023, which supports only native APP apps via Ark Compiler with Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) Core support. Based on modified OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS NEXT has the HarmonyOS microkernel at its core. It has no apk compatibility support.[38]

In the long term, as the company builds up the software root, the operating system is aimed to replace the current multikernel HarmonyOS from current Linux kernel on phones and tablets, cars, TVs and advanced wearables, alongside lightweight LiteOS kernel on basic wearables and various IoT smart devices. On the same day at HDC 2023, the developer preview version of HarmonyOS NEXT was opened for cooperating enterprise developers to build and test native mobile apps, as well as building up the kernel component in the TEE based microkernel architecture that has been open sourced at the Gitee code repository on the same day of launch.[39] It will be open to all developers in the first quarter of 2024 according to the official announcement.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Li, Deng. "OpenHarmony 4.0 release version launched with API 10". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  2. ↑ "OpenHarmony 3.0 successfully adapted Loongson 1C300B chip". Huawei Update. 15 December 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Application Fundamentals". Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  4. ↑ "HMOS Architecture". Medium. Application Library Engineering Group. 5 April 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  5. ↑ "en/OpenHarmony-Overview.md · OpenHarmony/docs". Gitee (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  6. ↑ "OpenHarmony Project".
  7. ↑ "Developers Taking Off AOSP And Show OpenHarmony Pure Version Of System | SPARROWS NEWS". sparrowsnews.com. 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  8. ↑ "Huawei launches Harmony Mine Operating System". Gizchina.com. 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  9. ↑ "Huawei launches Harmony Mine Operating System". Gizchina.com. 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  10. ↑ Team, RPRNA (2021-10-04). "OpenHarmony is now available on GitHub platform". RPRNA. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  11. ↑ "Harmony OS". LinuxReviews. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  12. ↑ "开源鸿蒙 OpenHarmony 新增 UniProton 内核，华为正申请商标 - IT之家". www.ithome.com. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  13. ↑ "Harmony OS". LinuxReviews. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  14. ↑ "en/OpenHarmony-Overview.md · OpenHarmony/docs". Gitee (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  15. ↑ Sarkar, Amy (2022-04-13). "OpenHarmony compatibility platform is updated with new capabilities". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  16. ↑ "OpenHarmony Product Compatibility Specification Document Version 3.0 Officially Released".
  17. ↑ Sarkar, Amy (2022-03-16). "Huawei certified OpenHarmony products to grow device ecosystem". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  18. ↑ "80+ products are passing the compatibility test, and the OpenHarmony ecosystem is flourishing". SegmentFault 思否 (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  19. ↑ "OpenHarmony 3.2 Beta1版本正式发布-开源基础软件社区-51CTO.COM". ost.51cto.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-17. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  20. ↑
  21. ↑ "OpenHarmony行业创新展区亮相华为开发者大会2022，生态成果引人瞩目_中华网". m.tech.china.com. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  22. ↑ "华为首提共建"鸿蒙世界"，开源鸿蒙如何聚合生态之力？". m.mp.oeeee.com. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  23. ↑ Mishra, Yash (2023-09-22). "Huawei will only sell advanced products: Ren Zhengfei". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  24. ↑ Canada, Eclipse Foundation (2021-09-28). "Eclipse Foundation and OpenAtom Foundation Forge a Strategic Initiative Focused on OpenHarmony OS". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  25. ↑ Sarkar, Amy (2021-11-04). "Oniro OS: Everything you need to know". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  26. ↑ Li, Deng (21 June 2022). "SwanLinkOS based on Huawei HarmonyOS launched". Huawei Central. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Ecosystem prosperity ▏iSoftStone receives OpenHarmony Compatibility Certification".
  28. ↑ Sarkar, Amy (12 January 2022). "Huawei HarmonyOS to be used in space technologies this year: Huge". Huawei Central. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  29. ↑ Mishra, Yash (2022-08-29). "ZhihongmetaOS V1.0 launches based on OpenHarmony 3.1". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  30. ↑ Li, Deng (2022-11-28). "Orange Pi OS launched, based on Huawei HarmonyOS". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  31. ↑ PBX (2023-10-25). "Orange Pi is developing the customized OS based on Huawei HarmonyOS". PBX Science. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  32. ↑ Horsey, Julian (2023-09-18). "Orange Pi 3B M.2 ARM single board computer hands-on". Geeky Gadgets. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  33. ↑ Lopez, James (2022-11-27). "Orange Pi OS (OH) system to be launched, based on open source OpenHarmony". TechGoing. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  34. ↑ "Tongxin Software Becomes Huawei's OpenHarmony Ecological Partner". iNEWS. 22 December 2023.
  35. ↑ "Tongxin intelligent terminal operating system V20 passed the OpenHarmony compatibility certification". iMedia. 22 December 2023.
  36. ↑ "在电脑上运行开源鸿蒙 OpenHarmony 系统". 知乎专栏 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  37. ↑ "The First Robot On HarmonyOS. Aelos Humanoid Robot Based On Rockchip SoC Introduced - Gadget Tendency". 2023-11-18. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  38. ↑ Cañete, Patrick (2023-08-10). "HarmonyOS NEXT is a standalone HUAWEI OS without Android apps". NoypiGeeks. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  39. ↑ "OpenHarmony-SIG/tee_tee_os_kernel". Gitee (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2023-09-02.
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