Orchid Stakes
Grade III race
LocationGulfstream Park
Hallandale Beach, Florida
Inaugurated1954
Race typeThoroughbred – Flat racing
WebsiteGulfstream Park
Race information
Distance1+1⁄2 miles
SurfaceTurf
TrackLeft-handed
Qualificationfillies and mares, four years old and older
Weight123 lbs with allowances
Purse$150,000 (since 2022)

The Orchid Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares that are four years or older held over a distance of one and one-half miles on the turf usually scheduled annually in late March as an under card event on Florida Derby day at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of $150,000.

History

The inaugural running of the event was on 11 March 1954 as a six furlong dirt sprint for three year old fillies that was easily won by Queen Hopeful who was ridden by US Hall of Fame jockey John H. Adams and trained by US Hall of Fame trainer Harry E. Trotsek by a 3 lengths margin.[1]

Gulfstream Park did not schedule the event again until 1965 after an absence of 10 years. In 1965 and 1966 the event was still held for three year old fillies but the distance was increased to 1+1⁄16 miles.[2] In 1967 the event was held on the turf for the first time over a distance of one mile. The conditions of the event were changes to allow older mares compete under handicap conditions. In the first division Indian Sunlite set a track record for the mile in a time of 1:343⁄5.[3]

In 1969 the distance of the event was increased to 1+1⁄16 miles.[4]

In 1973 the first year the classification system was enacted, the event was set with Grade III status[4] and in 1981 the event was upgraded to Grade II.[5]

In 1986 the distance of the event was increased to 1+1⁄2 miles.[4]

In 2006 the event was downgraded to a Grade III event.[5] In 2008 the event's conditions were changed from handicap to stakes allowance with name of race changed back to the original name.[5]

In 2016 the distance of the event of was decreased to 1+3⁄8 miles and in 2022 was increased back to 1+1⁄2 miles.[5]

The event has been run in split division four times:[6] 1967, 1972, 1983, 1985

Records

Speed record:

  • 1+3⁄8 miles – 2:11.73 Mean Mary (2020)
  • 1+1⁄2 miles – 2:23.07 Honey Ryder (2005)
  • 1+1⁄16 miles – 1:40.40 Just A Game (IRE) (1980)
  • 1 mile – 1:34.60 Indian Sunlite (1967)

Margins:

  • 5+1⁄2 lengths – Tweedside (2003)

Most wins:

  • 2 – Honey Ryder (2005, 2006)

Most wins by a jockey:

Most wins by a trainer:

Most wins by an owner:

  • 3 – Barbara Hunter (1970, 1974, 1979)
  • 3 – Glencrest Farm (1987, 2005, 2006)

Winners

Year Winner Age Jockey Trainer Owner Distance Time Purse Grade Ref
Orchid Stakes
2023 Amazing Grace (GER) 5 Joel Rosario Christophe Clement Moyglare Stud Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:28.82 $150,000 III [7]
2022 Family Way 5 Tyler Gaffalione Brendan Walsh Hunter Valley Farm, Debra L. O'Connor & Marc Detampel abt. 1+1⁄2 miles 2:29.08 $150,000 III [8]
2021 War Like Goddess 4 Julien R. Leparoux William I. Mott George Krikorian 1+3⁄8 miles 2:12.34 $100,000 III [9]
2020 Mean Mary 4 Luis Saez H. Graham Motion Alex G. Campbell Jr. 1+3⁄8 miles 2:11.73 $100,000 III [10]
2019 Santa Monica (GB) 6 Irad Ortiz Jr. Chad C. Brown R Unicorn Stable 1+3⁄8 miles 2:16.07 $100,000 III [11]
2018 Race not held
2017 Summersault 5 Paco Lopez Mark A. Hennig William Parsons Jr & David S. Howe 1+3⁄8 miles 2:12.24 $200,000 III [12]
2016 Photo Call (IRE) 5 Javier Castellano Todd A. Pletcher Teresa Viola Racing Stables 1+3⁄8 miles 2:16.38 $200,000 III [13]
2015 Beauty Parlor 4 John R. Velazquez Christophe Clement Joseph Allen 1+1⁄2 miles 2:26.89 $150,000 III [14]
2014 Anjaz 5 Rajiv Maragh Thomas Albertrani Godolphin Racing 1+1⁄2 miles 2:24.70 $150,000 III [15]
2013 Regalo Mia 4 Luis Contreras Michelle Nihei Steven W. Ciccarone 1+1⁄2 miles 2:23.48 $150,000 III [16]
2012 Hit It Rich 5 Javier Castellano Claude R. McGaughey III Stuart S. Janney III 1+1⁄2 miles 2:28.06 $150,000 III [17]
2011 La Luna de Miel (GER) 4 John R. Velazquez H. Graham Motion Rashit Shaykhutdinov 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.76 $150,000 III [18]
2010 Speak Easy Gal 4 Elvis Trujillo Martin D. Wolfson Farnsworth Stables 1+1⁄2 miles 2:28.46 $150,000 III [19]
2009 Dress Rehearsal (IRE) 4 Kent J. Desormeaux William I. Mott Swettenham Stud 1+1⁄2 miles 2:29.77 $150,000 III [20]
Orchid Handicap
2008 Hostess 5 John R. Velazquez H. James Bond William L. Clifton Jr. 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.83 $150,000 III [21]
2007 Safari Queen (ARG) 5 Christopher P. DeCarlo Todd A. Pletcher Arindel Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.17 $150,000 III [22]
2006 Honey Ryder 5 John R. Velazquez Todd A. Pletcher Glencrest Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:23.07 $150,000 III [23]
2005 Honey Ryder 4 John R. Velazquez Todd A. Pletcher Glencrest Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:27.15 $150,000 II [24]
2004 Meridiana (GER) 4 Edgar S. Prado Christophe Clement Jon & Sarah Kelly 1+1⁄2 miles 2:26.99 $200,000 II [25]
2003 Tweedside 5 Rene R. Douglas Todd A. Pletcher Eugene & Laura Melnyk 1+1⁄2 miles 2:32.36 $200,000 II Off turf[26]
2002 Julie Jalouse 4 Jose A. Santos Christophe Clement Skymarc Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.89 $200,000 II [27]
2001 Innuendo (IRE) 6 Jerry D. Bailey Christophe Clement Gerald W. Leigh 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.24 $194,000 II [28]
2000 Lisieux Rose (IRE) 6 Jose A. Santos Christophe Clement Moyglare Stud Farm 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.64 $200,000 II [29]
1999 Coretta (IRE) 5 Jose A. Santos Christophe Clement Gerald W. Leigh 1+1⁄2 miles 2:23.85 $200,000 II [30]
1998 Colonial Play 5 Robbie Davis Flint S. Schulhofer Robert S. Evans 1+1⁄2 miles 2:24.75 $200,000 II [31]
1997 Golden Pond (IRE) 4 Herb McCauley Martin D. Wolfson Silverleaf Farms 1+1⁄2 miles 2:26.84 $200,000 II [32]
1996 Memories (IRE) 5 Jose A. Santos Burk Kessinger Jr. New Phoenix Stable 1+1⁄2 miles 2:31.51 $200,000 II [33]
1995 Exchange (CAN) 7 Laffit Pincay Jr. William Spawr Sidney H. Craig 1+1⁄2 miles 2:29.02 $200,000 II [34]
1994 Trampoli 5 Mike E. Smith Christophe Clement Paul de Moussac 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.42 $200,000 II [35]
1993 Fairy Garden 5 Wigberto S. Ramos Roger L. Attfield Virginia Kraft Payson 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.79 $200,000 II [36]
1992 Crockadore 5 Mike E. Smith William I. Mott Timothy Mahony abt. 1+1⁄2 miles 2:28.32 $200,000 II [37]
1991 Star Standing (CAN) 4 Chris Antley William J. Hirsch Jr. Keswick Stables 1+1⁄2 miles 2:25.02 $200,000 II [38]
1990 Coolawin 4 Jerry D. Bailey Carl A. Nafzger James B. Tafel 1+1⁄2 miles 2:24.20 $200,000 II [39]
1989 Gaily Gaily (IRE) 6 Julie Krone William I. Mott Bertram R. Firestone 1+1⁄2 miles 2:26.80 $200,000 II [40]
1988 Beauty Cream 5 Pat Day Patrick C. Clark Warren N. Moore 1+1⁄2 miles 2:28.40 $200,000 II [41]
1987 Anka Germania (IRE) 5 Craig Perret Thomas J. Skiffington Glencrest Farm & Fernwood Stables 1+1⁄2 miles 2:31.40 $150,000 II [42]
1986 Videogenic 4 Robbie Davis Gasper S. Moschera Albert & Barbara Davis 1+1⁄2 miles 2:27.20 $197,400 II [43]
1985 Pretty Perfect 5 Gerland Gallitano Harvey L. Vanier Louis F. Aitken 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.60 $103,300 II Division 1[44]
Aspen Rose 5 Jorge Velasquez John M. Veitch Daniel M. Galbreath 1:42.00 $108,675 Division 2[45]
1984 Sabin 4 Eddie Maple Woodford C. Stephens Henryk de Kwiatkowski 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.40 $117,800 II Off turf[46]
1983 Sweetest Chant 5 Earlie Fires Joseph M. Bollero Russell L. Reineman Stable 1+1⁄16 miles 1:45.60 $88,400 II Division 1[47]
Larida 4 Eddie Maple Woodford C. Stephens Newstead Farm 1:44.80 $89,400 Division 2[48]
1982 Blush 4 Jacinto Vasquez David A. Whiteley Lazy F Ranch 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.00 $127,500 II [49]
1981 Honey Fox 4 Jacinto Vasquez Flint S. Schulhofer Dr. Jerome M. Torsney 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.20 $136,200 II [50]
1980 Just A Game (IRE) 4 Don Brumfield David A. Whiteley Peter M. Brant & H. Joseph Allen 1+1⁄16 miles 1:40.40 $123,600 III [51]
1979 Sans Arc 5 Earlie Fires Stanley M. Rieser Barbara Hunter 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.40 $132,450 III [52]
1978 Time for Pleasure 4 Thomas Barrow Phil A. Grosser William Q. Muir 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.00 $63,000 III [53]
1977 Copano 5 Mickey Solomone Oral C. Pickard John D. King 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.40 $72,500 III [54]
1976 Deesse Du Val 5 Carlos H. Marquez Sr. Stephen A. DiMauro Mrs. Joan C. Johnson & Mrs. Suzanne Carl 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.80 $47,975 III [55]
1975 Protectora (CHI) 6 Heliodoro Gustines Warren J. Pascuma Edward Seltzer 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.20 $43,500 III [56]
1974 Dogtooth Violet 4 Don Brumfield Stanley M. Rieser Barbara Hunter 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.00 $65,700 III [57]
1973 Deb Marion 3 Frank Ianelli John H. Rigione George H. Schmidt 1+1⁄16 miles 1:42.60 $45,400 III [58]
1972 Evening Bag 7 William Gavidia Charles C. Sanborn George A. Sacks 1+1⁄16 miles 1:41.60 $49,600 Division 1[59]
Toter Back 5 Jorge Tejeira Raymond G. Alaimo Steve L. Alaimo 1:41.60 $49,600 Division 2[60]
1971 Swoon's Flower 4 Carlos H. Marquez Sr. George Towne Waldemar Farm 1+1⁄16 miles 1:43.60 $46,525 [61]
1970 Pattee Canyon 5 Earlie Fires Stanley M. Rieser Barbara Hunter 1+1⁄16 miles 1:43.00 $50,950 [62]
1969 Spire 5 Ray Broussard Michael F. Fogarty George R. Wallace 1+1⁄16 miles 1:43.00 $33,950 [63]
1968 Chriscinca 4 Earlie Fires Budd Lepman Alfred A. Muller 1 mile 1:35.80 $23,725 [64]
1967 Indian Sunlite 4 Howard Grant Sherrill W. Ward George M. Humphrey 1 mile 1:34.60 $22,187 Division 1[3]
Straight Deal 5 Jorge Velasquez Hirsch Jacobs Mrs. Ethel D. Jacobs 1:35.20 $22,387 Division 2[65]
Orchid Stakes
1966 Chalina 3 Ken Knapp Leroy Jolley Mrs. Moody Jolley 1+1⁄16 miles 1:43.40 $16,700 3YO fillies[66]
1965 Vassar Grad 3 Ken Knapp Charles C. Sanborn Bwamazon Farm 1+1⁄16 miles 1:46.20 $17,050 3YO fillies[2]
1955–1964 Race not held
1954 Queen Hopeful 3 John H. Adams Harry E. Trotsek Hasty House Farm (Allie E. Reuben) 6 furlongs 1:12.00 $11,150 3YO fillies[1]

Legend:
  Turf   Dirt

See also

List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

  1. 1 2 McLaughlin, Joe (12 March 1954). "Queen Hopeful Victor by 3 – (race 7: held 11 March 1954)". Miami Herald. p. 40. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  2. 1 2 Harris, Russ (11 March 1965). "Vassar Grad Wins Orchid – (race 9: held 10 March 1965)". Miami Herald. p. 66. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  3. 1 2 Harris, Russ (16 March 1967). "Indian Sunlite Sets Gulfstream Mile Mark – (race 8: held 15 March 1967)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 64. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 "ORCHID STAKES - MULTIPLE TRACKS". Thoroughbred Pedigree Online. 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Orchid S. presented by Rood and Riddle (Gr. 3)". Equibase. 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "ORCHID STAKES (2ND. DIV.) - GULFSTREAM PARK, FL". Thoroughbred Pedigree Online. 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "2023 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  8. ↑ "2022 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 3)". Equibase. 2 April 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  9. ↑ "2021 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 13)". Equibase. 27 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  10. ↑ "2020 Orchid S. presented by Rood and Riddle Grade 3 - (race 10)". Equibase. 28 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  11. ↑ "2019 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 10)". Equibase. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  12. ↑ "2017 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 5)". Equibase. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  13. ↑ "2016 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 11)". Equibase. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  14. ↑ "2015 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 11)". Equibase. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  15. ↑ "2014 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 10)". Equibase. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  16. ↑ "2013 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 30 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  17. ↑ "2012 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 12)". Equibase. 31 March 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  18. ↑ "2011 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 10)". Equibase. 20 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  19. ↑ "2010 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 10)". Equibase. 28 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  20. ↑ "2009 Orchid Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 22 March 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  21. ↑ "2008 Orchid Handicap Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 30 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  22. ↑ "2007 Orchid Handicap Grade 3 - (race 7)". Equibase. 31 March 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  23. ↑ "2006 Orchid Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 1 April 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  24. ↑ "2005 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 7)". Equibase. 2 April 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  25. ↑ "2004 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 21 March 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  26. ↑ "2003 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 23 March 2003. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  27. ↑ "2002 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 24 March 2002. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  28. ↑ "2001 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 7)". Equibase. 10 March 2001. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  29. ↑ "2000 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 5 March 2000. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  30. ↑ "1999 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 7 March 1999. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  31. ↑ "1998 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 8 March 1998. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  32. ↑ "1997 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 16 March 1997. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  33. ↑ "1996 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 10 March 1996. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  34. ↑ "1995 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 12 March 1995. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  35. ↑ "1994 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 16 March 1994. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  36. ↑ "1993 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 31 March 1993. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  37. ↑ "1992 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 13 March 1992. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  38. ↑ "1991 Orchid Handicap Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 24 March 1991. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  39. ↑ "Coolawin upset Orchid winner – (race 9: held 7 April 1990)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 8 April 1990. p. 46. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  40. ↑ Joseph, Dave (20 February 1989). "'Gaily' captures Orchid – (race 10: held 19 February 1989)". South Florida Sun Sentinel. p. 28. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  41. ↑ Evans, Dick (7 February 1988). "3-2 Anka Germania 10th as Beauty Cream wins – (race 10: held 6 February 1988)". Miami Herald. p. 57. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  42. ↑ LaBelle, Fran (19 April 1987). "Anka Germania blooms in Orchid – (race 10: held 18 April 1987)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 45. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  43. ↑ Evans, Luther (2 February 1986). "Videogenic captures Orchid – (race 10: held 1 February 1986)". Miami Herald. p. 58. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  44. ↑ Evans, Luther (3 February 1985). "Stretch kicks decide Orchid – (race 8: held 2 February 1985)". Miami Herald. p. 46. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  45. ↑ Moran, Paul (3 February 1985). "Aspen Rose retires with Orchid victory – (race 9: held 2 February 1985)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 56. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  46. ↑ Evans, Luther (15 April 1984). "Sabin, Jubilous one-two for Stephens in Orchid – (race 9: held 14 April 1984)". Miami Herald. p. 46. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  47. ↑ Evans, Luther (20 February 1983). "Sweetest Chant, Larida triumph in final strides – (race 9: held 19 February 1983)". Miami Herald. p. 53. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  48. ↑ "Sweetest Chant, Larida win – (race 10: held 19 February 1983)". Baltimore Sun. The Associated Press. 20 February 1983. p. 50. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  49. ↑ Evans, Luther (18 April 1982). "Blush captures Orchid in a four-horse photo – (race 9: held 17 April 1982)". Miami Herald. p. 46. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  50. ↑ Evans, Luther (8 February 1981). "Orchid winner spills Vasquesz – (race 9: held 7 February 1981)". Miami Herald. p. 46. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  51. ↑ Evans, Luther (6 April 1980). "Just A Game Plays With Rivals, Wins Orchid – (race 9: held 5 April 1980)". Miami Herald. p. 52. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  52. ↑ Evans, Luther (25 February 1979). "Fires, 'Arc' Burn Field In Orchid – (race 11: held 24 February 1979)". Miami Herald. p. 45. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  53. ↑ Evans, Luther (9 April 1978). "Aged Served in Orchid Handicap As Time For Pleasure Triumphs – (race 9: held 8 April 1978)". Miami Herald. p. 57. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  54. ↑ Evans, Luther (3 March 1977). "Copano Wins Orchid on Turf – (race 9: held 2 March 1977)". Miami Herald. p. 122. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  55. ↑ Moran, Paul (1 April 1976). "Deesse Du Val Blooms in Orchid Handicap – (race 9: held 31 March 1976)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 61. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  56. ↑ Wulf, Steve (25 March 1975). "Protectora Blooms in Orchid Handicap – (race 9: held 26 March 1975)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 51. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  57. ↑ Evans, Luther (28 February 1974). "Dogtooth Violet Finds a Bouquet – (race 9: held 27 February 1974)". Miami Herald. p. 54. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  58. ↑ Dickman, Bernie (29 March 1973). "Deb Marion Beats Her Elders in Orchid – (race 9: held 28 March 1973)". Miami Herald. p. 101. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  59. ↑ Delp, Doug (2 March 1972). "Orchid: A Sentimental Day – (race 8: held 1 March 1972)". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 61. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  60. ↑ "...;Evening Bag, Toter Back score – (race 8: held 1 March 1972)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 2 March 1972. p. 7. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  61. ↑ Dickman, Bernie (25 March 1971). "Swoon's Flower wins Orchid – (race 9: held 24 March 1971)". Miami Herald. p. 90. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  62. ↑ Hooper, Dave (26 March 1970). "'Pattee' Captures Orchid – (race 9: held 25 March 1970)". Miami Herald. p. 94. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  63. ↑ Hooper, Dave (26 March 1969). "Orchid Win Gives Spire Grass Sweep – (race 9: held 25 March 1969)". Miami Herald. p. 64. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  64. ↑ Harris, Russ (14 March 1968). "Hot Fires of Old Nails Down Orchid With 17-1 Chriscinca – (race 9: held 13 March 1968)". Miami Herald. p. 92. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  65. ↑ Harris, Russ (16 March 1967). "Straight Deal, 'Sunlite' Win Split Orchid 'Cap – (race 9: held 15 March 1967)". Miami Herald. pp. 59, 66. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  66. ↑ Harris, Russ (10 March 1966). "Chalina Puts Lady Pitt Back In Place Again – (race 9: held 9 March 1966)". Miami Herald. p. 66. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
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