1686 map of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the War of the Holy League. To the southeast of the Commonwealth is the realm of the Ottoman Empire in Ukraine (Ottoman Ukraine) that included cities like Bratslav, Kamianets-Podilskyi and Terebovlia and the river-border over the Dnieper with the Tsardom of Russia

Ottoman Ukraine (Ukrainian: Османська Україна), Khan Ukraine (Ukrainian: Ханська Україна), Hanshchyna (Ukrainian: Ганьщина)^[1] is a historical term for right-bank Ukraine (as well as for the southern regions of the Kiev Voivodeship), also known by its Turkic name Yedisan. The first recorded use of the term Khanska Ukraina are traced to 1737 when the Russian secret-agent Lupul urged Empress Anna of Russia to attack Ottoman Ukraine.

History

Officially, the southern, coastal edge of territory had been occupied by the Crimean Khanate since the 1520s in order to enable the slave raidings. The territory appeared as a consequence of the 1667 Truce of Andrusovo, which divided the Cossack Hetmanate, without consideration of the local population between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. Since 1669, the Ottoman authorities granted protectorate to the Cossack statehood west of the Dnieper and designated it into a separate sanjak which was headed by Cossack Hetman Petro Doroshenko. It was confirmed by the Treaty of Buchach in 1672.

The territory was bordered to its west by Podolia Eyalet and its south by Silistra Eyalet. With the help of Petro Doroshenko, the Ottomans were able to occupy Podilia and established its province in 1672. In 1676 the new King of Poland, Jan III Sobieski, managed to recover some of the lost territories of Ukraine and stopped paying a tribute after signing the Truce of Zhuravno. Also in 1676, Ivan Samoylovych, along with the boyar Grigory Romodanovsky, led a successful campaign against Doroshenko forcing him to surrender and occupied the Cossack capital, Chyhyryn. Between 1677 and 1678 a powerful army of Ibrahim Pasha fought over the control of Chyhyryn (see Russo-Turkish War (1676–81)). Eventually, the army of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha was successful in taking control over Chyhyryn, in 1678. The city of Nemyriv became the Hetman residence between the 1670s and 1699.

After the 1681 Treaty of Bakhchisarai, Ottoman Ukraine came under the government of Moldavia by Hospodar George Ducas.

In 1685, Polish king John III Sobieski revived some Cossack freedoms in right-bank Ukraine and signed the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 with Russia securing an alliance against the Ottoman Empire.

Sanjak-beys

• 1669–1676 Petro Doroshenko
• 1678–1681 Yuriy Khmelnytsky
• 1681–1684 George Ducas
• 1684–1685 Teodor Sulymenko
• 1685–1685 Yakym Samchenko
• 1685–1685 Yuriy Khmelnytsky
• 1685–1695 Stepan Lozynsky
• 1695–1698 Ivan Bahaty
• 1698–1699 Petro Ivanenko

Most of Ottoman Ukraine became part of the Crimean Khanate (under protectorate of the Russian Empire) in 1774 except for the Ochakiv region which remained part of the Ottoman Empire.

See also

• Danubian Sich
• Metropolitan of Braila
• Black Sea Cossack Host

References

Sources

• Sapozhnikov, I. Zaporizhian Cossacks of the Ochakiv region and Ottoman Ukraine during the "Crimean protection" (1711–1734). History of Cossacks portal.
• Hrybovsky, V. Ottoman Ukraine. The Ukrainian Week. August 7, 2009