The Parker Morris Committee drew up an influential 1961 report on housing space standards in public housing in the United Kingdom titled Homes for Today and Tomorrow. The committee was led by Sir Parker Morris. Its report concluded that the quality of social housing needed to be improved to match the rise in living standards, and made a number of recommendations. The Committee took a functional approach to determining space standards in the home by considering what furniture was needed in rooms, the space needed to use the furniture and move around it, and the space needed for normal household activities.
Out of the report came the Parker Morris Standards. In 1963 these were set out in the Ministry of Housing's "Design Bulletin 6 – Space in the Home". The report provided typical dimensions for the typical items of furniture for which the dwelling designer should allow space, and provided anthropometric data about the space needed to use and move about furniture. The bulletin also laid out sample room plans for a terraced house.[1]
In 1967 these space standards became mandatory for all housing built in new towns; this was extended to all council housing in 1969, although they had already been adopted by many local councils by then.
The mandatory nature of the standards was ended by the Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980, when the incoming Conservative government sought to reduce the cost of housing and, generally, public spending.
Standards
Among the standards are that:
- In one-, two- and three-bedroom dwellings, one flushing toilet is required, and it may be in the bathroom.
- A semi-detached or end-of-terrace house for 4 people should have a net floor area of 72 square metres (780 sq ft).
- A dwelling for three or more people should have enclosed storage space for the kitchen of 2.3 cubic metres (81 cu ft).
- Dwellings should be fitted with heating systems that maintain the kitchen and circulation space at 55.4 °F (13.0 °C), and the living and dining spaces at 64.4 °F (18.0 °C), when the external temperature is 30.2 °F (−1.0 °C).
Original 1961 Space Standards
| Least net floor area in m2 | 1 person | 2 person | 3 person | 4 person | 5 person | 6 person |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 Storey House | 93.8 | 97.5 | ||||
| int & ext storage | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||
| 2 Storey House (Centre terraced) | 74.3 | 84.5 | 92 | |||
| int & ext storage | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | |||
| 2 Storey House (Semi or End) | 71.5 | 81.6 | 92 | |||
| int & ext storage | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | |||
| Maisonettes | 71.5 | 81.6 | 91.6 | |||
| int & ext storage | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |||
| Flat | 29.7 | 44.6 | 56.7 | 69.7 | 79 | n/a |
| int & ext storage | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |
| Single Storey House | 32.5 | 48.3 | 60.9 | 71.5 | 79.9 | 88.2 |
| int & ext storage | 2.8 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
Modified 1967 Space Standards
| Dimensions in metric units including storage | 1 person | 2 person | 3 person | 4 person | 5 person | 6 person | 7 person |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Storey House | 32.5 | 48.3 | 60.9 | 71.5 | 79.9 | 88.2 | – |
| 2 Storey House (Semi or End) | 76.1 | 86.4 | 96.6 | 114 | |||
| 2 Storey House (Intermediate terraced) | 78.9 | 89.1 | 96.6 | 114 | |||
| 3 Storey (excluding garage if built in) | 98.4 | 102.1 | 118.4 | ||||
| Flats (minus 3.2 if balcony access) | 32.3 | 47.4 | 59.7 | 73 | 82.3 | 89.7 | – |
| Maisonettes | 74.7 | 85 | 95.1 | 111.2 | |||
21st century
In the private sector the Parker Morris Standards influenced the 1967 and subsequent standards set by the National House Builders' Registration Council, now the National House Building Council, but were not adopted as written. However, it is widely felt that most public and private sector housing being built in the 21st Century fails to meet the Parker Morris standards for floor and storage space, and this led to a decision in 2008 by the former government agency English Partnerships to re-introduce minimum standards that are 10% more generous than those of Parker Morris for developments on its own land.[3]
Subsequently, The Office of the Mayor of London has also opted to move to adopt a Design Guide for Housing within the city, which will be 10% more generous than the Parker Morris Standards. This guide was published on 19 August 2010 and will be implemented from April 2011.[4]
Mayor of London's Standards
| Dwelling Type (bedroom/persons) | Essential GIA (m2) | |
|---|---|---|
| Single storey dwelling | 1b2p | 50 |
| 2b3p | 61 | |
| 2b4p | 70 | |
| 3b4p | 74 | |
| 3b5p | 86 | |
| 3b6p | 95 | |
| 4b5p | 90 | |
| 4b6p | 99 | |
| Two storey dwelling | 2b4p | 83 |
| 2b4p | 87 | |
| 3b5p | 96 | |
| 4b5p | 100 | |
| 4b6p | 107 | |
| Three storey dwelling | 3b5p | 102 |
| 4b5p | 106 | |
| 4b6p | 113 | |
For dwellings designed for more than 6 persons, at least 10 m2 gross internal area should be added per person.[5]
References
- Notes
- ↑ Design of Homes 2010.
- 1 2 Manoochehri 2009, p. 252.
- ↑ Hurst, Will (2 November 2007). "Agency brings back space standards". Building Design Magazine. Retrieved 23 March 2008. (pay-wall)
- ↑ "London Housing Design Guide" (PDF). Greater London Authority. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ↑ "London Housing Design Guide" (PDF). Greater London Authority. 19 August 2010. p. 48. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- Bibliography
- Manoochehri, J amileh (2009), "Social policy and housing:Reflections on social values" (PDF), PhD thesis, University of London
- Parker Morris Committee (1961). Homes for Today and Tomorrow. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 0-11-750126-3.
- Peace, Sheila M.; Caroline Holland (2001). Inclusive Housing in an Ageing Society: Innovative Approaches. The Policy Press. pp. 79–81. ISBN 1-86134-263-2.
- Pickard, Quentin (2002). The Architects' Handbook. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science. pp. 172–173. ISBN 1-4051-3505-0.
- Homes for Today and Tomorrow: more on the Parker Morris standards. 18 December 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2016.