Parthenium
Parthenium hysterophorus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Parthenium
L.
Type species
Parthenium hysterophorus[1][2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Argyrochaeta Cav.
  • Bolophyta Nutt.
  • Echetrosis Phil.
  • Hysterophorus Vaill.
  • Partheniastrum Fabr.
  • Villanova Ortega

Parthenium is a genus of North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae.[4][2][3][5]

The name Parthenium is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion), which referred to Tanacetum parthenium.[6][7][8] The name is possibly derived from the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos) which means "virgin".[5]

Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew.[9] Notable species include guayule (P. argentatum) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;[10] and also P. hysterophorus, a serious invasive species in the Old World.[11]

Species

These include:[3]

Importance

In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of guayule (P. argentatum) is a source of natural rubber.[12] Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause allergies and the sap is toxic.

Parthenium hysterophorus in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
  2. 1 2 "Parthenium". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  3. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-12-27 at archive.today
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
  5. 1 2 Strother, John L. "Parthenium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-08-09 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ↑ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "παρθένιον". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2019-07-03 – via the Perseus Project.
  7. ↑ Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000). Materia Medica. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ibidis Press. p. 556.
  8. ↑ Dioscorides, Pedanius (1829). Sprengel, Curtius (ed.). De Materia Medica. Leipzig. p. 484.
  9. ↑ "Parthenium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  10. ↑ Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
  11. ↑ "Parthenium hysterophorus (herb)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2010-10-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  12. ↑ Ray, Dennis T. (1993). J. Janick; J.E. Simon (eds.). "Guayule: A source of natural rubber". New crops. New York: Wiley: 338–343.
  • Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
  • Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.

Further information

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